Bms 331 Exam 2 2011

Trabeculae septomarginalis, also known as the moderator band, is a cardiac structure found spanning between the outer ventricular wall and the interventricular septum. It contains muscle fibers and conducts electrical signals to the anterior papillary muscle, helping to coordinate the contraction of the heart.

The correct answer is "Right ruminal". In ruminants, the rumen is a large fermentation chamber where food is broken down by microorganisms. The right ruminal artery is responsible for supplying blood to the rumen. It courses in the caudal groove of the rumen, ensuring proper blood flow and oxygenation to this important organ. The other options, such as the left gastroepiploic and left gastric arteries, are not specifically associated with the rumen.

The linguofacial trunk of the horse typically gives rise to the external carotid artery. The external carotid artery is responsible for supplying blood to the face, scalp, and neck. It branches off from the common carotid artery, which is the main artery supplying blood to the head and neck. The linguofacial trunk is a specific branch of the external carotid artery that provides blood to the tongue and facial muscles.

On a thoracic radiograph of a normal adult animal, the caudal vena cava would be seen. The caudal vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart. It is located on the right side of the thorax and can be visualized on radiographs as a dark, tubular structure. The presence of the caudal vena cava on a thoracic radiograph is a normal finding and indicates proper blood flow in the animal.

In horses, a well-defined, firm swelling near the pylorus would be considered a pathologic problem. The pylorus is the opening between the stomach and the small intestine, and a swelling in this area could indicate a blockage or obstruction. This can lead to digestive issues and potentially serious health problems for the horse. In contrast, such a swelling near the pylorus would not be considered abnormal or pathologic in ox, goat, sheep, or pig.

The celiacomesenteric artery is a common trunk that gives rise to the celiac artery and the cranial mesenteric artery. These arteries supply blood to various organs in the abdomen. The descending colon is located in the lower part of the abdomen, and it is primarily supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. Therefore, it would least likely receive blood from the combined celiacomesenteric artery.

The transverse colon is the segment of the intestinal tract that passes right to left cranial to the root of the mesentery. This means that it is located above and to the left of the root of the mesentery, which is the structure that attaches the intestines to the back wall of the abdomen. The other options listed do not pass cranial to the root of the mesentery, so they are not the correct answer.

The correct answer is Porcine centrifugal coil of spiral colon. This section of the bowel is characterized by the absence of bands and sacculations.

The correct answer is C7, T13, L6. The ox typically has 7 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, and 6 lumbar vertebrae.

The cupula pleurae is a projection of the pleura that is located cranial to the first rib. In the ox, it is specifically found in the right pleural cavity. This projection helps to separate the thoracic cavity from the neck region and allows for proper movement of the lungs during respiration.

The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the rumen. The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve and is responsible for the parasympathetic control of many organs in the body, including the rumen. Parasympathetic innervation promotes rest and digest activities, such as increased digestive secretions and motility in the rumen. The other nerves listed do not specifically innervate the rumen or have parasympathetic functions.

The correct answer is "to the left of the trachea". In the mid-cervical area, the esophagus is positioned on the left side of the trachea. This anatomical arrangement allows for the smooth passage of food from the mouth to the stomach without obstruction from the trachea, which is responsible for air passage to the lungs.

The external carotid artery is primarily found in the lateral compartment of the guttural pouch. The guttural pouch is a paired structure located in the head and neck region of horses. It contains various structures including nerves and blood vessels. The external carotid artery is one of the major arteries supplying blood to the head and neck region, and it passes through the lateral compartment of the guttural pouch. Therefore, it is the correct answer to the question.

The muscle responsible for the wide dilation of the lateral part of the equine nostril is the Caninus muscle. This muscle is not supported by any cartilage and allows for the nostril to open up and expand.

The correct answer is Middle tracheobronchial. The lymph node found immediately caudal to the tracheal bifurcation is known as the middle tracheobronchial lymph node. This lymph node is located in the mediastinum, specifically in the region between the trachea and the main bronchi. It plays a role in filtering and draining lymph from the lungs and surrounding structures.

The correct answer is the subsinousal branch of the right coronary artery. This artery supplies the subsinousal interventricular groove in the horse.

The correct answer is "Lateral." The lateral banding of the equine cecum is described as vascular and is also associated with the cecocolic fold. This means that the lateral side of the cecum has a distinct pattern of blood vessels and is connected to the cecocolic fold, which is a fold of tissue that connects the cecum to the colon.

The right azygous vein is found immediately cranial to the tracheal bronchus in the ox. This vein is responsible for draining blood from the posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body. It then joins with the cranial vena cava to return deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The other options mentioned, such as the right costocervical, left costocervical, left azygous, and right subclavian veins, are not located immediately cranial to the tracheal bronchus in the ox.

The reticulum is located in the approximate middle of the drawing. Looking at the drawing, letter C is the only letter that is situated in the middle of the drawing. Therefore, letter C corresponds to the approximate location of the reticulum.

The pig typically has the following liver lobes: medial and lateral right, medial and lateral left, quadrate, and a caudate lobe with only a caudate process.

The buccal branch of the facial nerve provides motor innervation to the levator labii superioris muscle. This muscle is responsible for elevating the upper lip.

During a pericardial centesis, the needle is inserted into the pericardial cavity to remove fluid. The pericardial cavity is surrounded by three serous layers: the parietal pericardium, the pericardial space, and the visceral pericardium. The needle pierces through these three layers to gain access to the pericardial cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

The tracheal duct in the ox originates from the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node.

During a rectal examination of a cow, various organs and structures can be palpated. The dorsal sac of the rumen, cecum, spiral colon, and left kidney can all be felt during this examination. However, the transverse colon cannot be palpated. The transverse colon is located higher up in the abdominal cavity and is not easily accessible during rectal examination.

The branches forming the brachial plexus in the horse can be readily identified as they course dorsal to the ventral scalenus muscle.

The intercapital ligament attaches to the rib.

The temporal bone does not contribute to the formation of the complete bony orbit of the ox. The bony orbit is formed by the lacrimal, frontal, zygomatic, and presphenoid bones. The temporal bone is located on the side of the skull and does not directly contribute to the orbit.