Block 6 Renal & GI Quest Dr White W Exp
The urinary system, which is also called as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, bladder, and the urethra. Some major purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body and regulate blood PH. The quiz below has some last-minute questions from Dr. White based on what the class struggled with on mini 2. Give it a shot!
- 1.
![A normally hydrated healthy 24‐year‐old male volunteer takes a maximal dose of desmopressin ( a long lasting form of Arginine vasopressin: ADH) by nasal spray. What will be the resultant change in osmolarity of tubular fluid in the nephron segments listed in the table?
- ProProfs]( "A normally hydrated healthy 24‐year‐old male volunteer takes a maximal dose of desmopressin ( a long lasting form of Arginine vasopressin: ADH) by nasal spray. What will be the resultant change in osmolarity of tubular fluid in the nephron segments listed in the table?")
A normally hydrated healthy 24‐year‐old male volunteer takes a maximal dose of desmopressin ( a long lasting form of Arginine vasopressin: ADH) by nasal spray. What will be the resultant change in osmolarity of tubular fluid in the nephron segments listed in the table?- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
- 2.An experiment was performed measuring the net rates of water movement across a piece of human small intestine. Under normal conditions, the net rate was positive ‐ indicating water was absorbed. In the presence of cholera toxin, the net rate of movement became negative. Which is the principal mechanism by which the effect of the cholera toxin caused the change in the net direction of fluid movement?
- A.
Inhibition of electroneutral sodium reabsorption
- B.
Stimulation of electrogenic potassium secretion
- C.
Stimulation of electrogenic chloride secretion
- D.
Inhibition of short chain fatty acid absorption
- 3.A 27‐year‐old man reports that lately he has been feeling confused and is progressively more lethargic and weak. Laboratory tests reveal: Plasma osmolarity: below normal Urine osmolarity: above normal Urine output: below normal Plasma ADH levels: above normal Which of the following conditions is the patient likely to be suffering?
- A.
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
- B.
Polydipsia
- C.
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- D.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- 4.An increase in Angiotensin II levels sufficient to increase GFR will result in an increased reabsorption of sodium by the proximal tubule to preserve fractional excretion. Which of the following will contribute to this process most significantly?
- A.
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- B.
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- C.
![]()
- D.
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- 5.Which of the following solutes becomes less concentrated by the end of the proximal tubule?
- A.
Creatinine
- B.
Urea
- C.
Chloride
- D.
Sodium
- E.
Phosphate
- 6.
![As part of a clinical trial, a healthy female volunteer receives a drug that dilates the
afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole by the same amounts. Assuming these
are the only actions of the drug, what will be the effects on GFR, RBF, and filtration fraction?
- ProProfs]( "As part of a clinical trial, a healthy female volunteer receives a drug that dilates the
afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole by the same amounts. Assuming these
are the only actions of the drug, what will be the effects on GFR, RBF, and filtration fraction?")
As part of a clinical trial, a healthy female volunteer receives a drug that dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole by the same amounts. Assuming these are the only actions of the drug, what will be the effects on GFR, RBF, and filtration fraction?- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
- F.
6
- 7.A laboratory experiment investigating GI motility measured the tension developed in strips of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. A number of gastrointestinal peptides were tested for their effects on the tension of the strips. Which of the following peptides would have caused tension to fall?
- A.
Secretin
- B.
Gastrin
- C.
Cholecystokinin
- D.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
- 8.55‐year‐old man complains of producing excessive volumes of saliva following the fitting of a new denture to replace some of his teeth. Laboratory analysis of his saliva is likely to show which of the following characteristics?
- A.
Sodium consentration higher than in plasma
- B.
Chloride concentration higher in plasma
- C.
Bicarbonate concentration lower than plasme
- D.
Potassium concentration higher than in plasma
- 9.As part of a research project, contractile activity of smooth muscle (tension) and the rate of fluid secretion of a piece of human jejunum were monitored. A physiological dose of a gastrointestinal peptide was given. The rate of fluid secretion increased and the tension of the smooth muscle decreased. Which of the following peptides was the one most likely to have produced these effects?
- A.
Cholecysstokinin (CCK)
- B.
Motilin
- C.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
- D.
Gastrin
- 10.A 4‐year‐old girl is brought to the emergency room having swallowed one or two steel ball bearings of approximately a quarter of an inch (6 mm) in diameter. The parents are advised to return home and withhold food from their daughter for 12 hours, because the bearing will be eventually passed in her stools. What type of motility pattern is primarily responsible for the elimination of the ball bearings.
- A.
Antral systole (retropulsion)
- B.
Segmentation (Mixing)
- C.
Propulsion (peristalsis)
- D.
Migrating Motor Complex
.JPG "A normally hydrated healthy 24‐year‐old male volunteer takes a maximal dose of desmopressin ( a long lasting form of Arginine vasopressin: ADH) by nasal spray. What will be the resultant change in osmolarity of tubular fluid in the nephron segments listed in the table?")
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.JPG "As part of a clinical trial, a healthy female volunteer receives a drug that dilates the
afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole by the same amounts. Assuming these
are the only actions of the drug, what will be the effects on GFR, RBF, and filtration fraction?")
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