Biology Test: Membranes, DNA To Protein, Cell Energy, And A Little Bit Of Evolution
- 1.Oxygen is so essential to your life that you would die within minutes if you were deprived of it. But why? Explain in detail. Include the following in your answer.
- Which critical process is oxygen required for? (1 pt)
- What is the ultimate purpose of that process? (1 pt)
- What exactly does oxygen do in this process? (1 pt)
- Why is oxygen well-suited to this task (as opposed to other elements)? (1 pt)
- 2.Describe the process of endosymbiosis in a series of NUMBERED steps. (3 pt)
- 3.Explain how enzyme function is similar to a lock-and-key. Use and CAPITALIZE the words:
- SUBSTRATE(1 pt)
- ACTIVE SITE(1 pt)
- ACTIVATION ENERGY(1 pt)
- CATALYST(1 pt)
- 4.Which of the following is an example of a cell moving something across its membrane in a way that requires energy.
- A.
Oxygen diffusing into a blood cell
- B.
Sugar diffusing into a liver cell through a protein channel
- C.
Ions pumped out of a nerve cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
- D.
Water moving from a hypotonic solution into a cell
- 5.If you place a red blood cell into an hypertonic solution, which of the following is most likely to occur.
- A.
Nothing major. Cells are hypertonic too, so water will continue to move in and out through the membrane at equilibrium.
- B.
The cell is likely to swell and may even burst as water moves from the solution into the cell.
- C.
The cell is likely to shrivel up as water leaves the cell and flows into the hypertonic solution.
- D.
The cell is likely to alternate between swelling and shriveling as water moves in and out.
- E.
None of the above. Transport of water across the membrane is controlled by the cell.
- 6.Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?
- A.
Increases the temperature
- B.
Increases the volume of reactants
- C.
Decreases the reaction rate
- D.
Decreases the activation energy
- 7.Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes.
- A.
They are specialized proteins.
- B.
They affect activation energy and reaction rates.
- C.
They can bend or flex.
- D.
They must be rebuilt after each use.
- 8.What would the complementary strand of DNA be to the following sequence of bases? TTGCGCA
- A.
TTGCGCA
- B.
GGATATC
- C.
AACGCGU
- D.
AACGCGT
- 9.Which of the following does NOT occur as part of DNA replication?
- A.
An enzyme unzips a DNA double helix.
- B.
A molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is assembled by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
- C.
Each daughter strand contains a template from the parent strand.
- D.
Free nucleotides are attracted to the exposed nucleotides within the replication bubble.
- 10.How many mRNA bases would it take to covey the code for 10 amino acids?
- A.
10
- B.
1
- C.
20
- D.
40
- E.
30
- F.
5
- 11.Which of the following occurs at the ribosome?
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
Replication
- D.
Cellular respiration
- E.
Photosynthesis
- 12.Which molecule stores readily usable energy for the cell?
- A.
ATP
- B.
Sugar
- C.
ADP
- D.
Oxygen
- E.
Carbon dioxide
- 13.Which of the following correctly show the products of photosynthesis?
- A.
Carbon dioxide and water
- B.
ATP and enzymes
- C.
Sugar and oxygen
- D.
Chloroplasts
- E.
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
- 14.Which statement best captures the purpose of cellular respiration?
- A.
To produce carbon dioxide and water
- B.
To break down food
- C.
To make sugar out of carbon dioxide and water
- D.
To transfer energy from sugar to ATP
- E.
To break down ATP into ADP and a phosphate
- 15.In which process is lactic acid formed when there is not enough oxygen present for cellular respiration to take place?
- A.
ATP synthase
- B.
Photosynthesis
- C.
Electron transport
- D.
Fermentation
- 16.Which needs oxygen to take place?
- A.
Copying of DNA in replication
- B.
The movement of electrons in the electron transport chain
- C.
Capturing of light energy in photosynthesis
- D.
The initial breakdown of sugar in glycolysis
- 17.
![The bacterium shown in this figure may have evolved into a mitochondrion after going through the process of - ProProfs]( "The bacterium shown in this figure may have evolved into a mitochondrion after going through the process of")
The bacterium shown in this figure may have evolved into a mitochondrion after going through the process of- A.
Oxidation
- B.
Photosynthesis
- C.
Endosymbiosis
- D.
Colonization
- 18.Scientists hypothesize that cyanobacteria changed the early Earth by
- A.
Adding oxygen to the atmosphere
- B.
Developing endosymbiotic relationships
- C.
Turning into eukaryotic cells
- D.
Getting energy from organic molecules
- 19.Which of the following best describes what is meant by the Cabrian Explosion.
- A.
A major increase in the number of reptile species
- B.
The development of modern birds and mammals
- C.
The movement of life out of water and onto land
- D.
An explosion in the number of animal species
- 20.
![Which of the following best describes the diversity of life over time on Earth? - ProProfs]( "Which of the following best describes the diversity of life over time on Earth?")
Which of the following best describes the diversity of life over time on Earth?- A.
Biodiversity increases steadily over time
- B.
On the whole, biodiversity decrease
- C.
After an initial increase, biodiversity remains constant
- D.
Overall biodiversity increases, but it is interrupted by major extinction events
- 21.Refer to the graph from the previous question. What key event in life's history is represented by the steep slope of the line labeled A.
- A.
Cambrian explosion
- B.
Permian extinction
- C.
Rise of the dinosaurs
- D.
Age of Mammals
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