Oxygen diffusing into a blood cell
Sugar diffusing into a liver cell through a protein channel
Ions pumped out of a nerve cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Water moving from a hypotonic solution into a cell
Nothing major. Cells are hypertonic too, so water will continue to move in and out through the membrane at equilibrium.
The cell is likely to swell and may even burst as water moves from the solution into the cell.
The cell is likely to shrivel up as water leaves the cell and flows into the hypertonic solution.
The cell is likely to alternate between swelling and shriveling as water moves in and out.
None of the above. Transport of water across the membrane is controlled by the cell.
Increases the temperature
Increases the volume of reactants
Decreases the reaction rate
Decreases the activation energy
They are specialized proteins.
They affect activation energy and reaction rates.
They can bend or flex.
They must be rebuilt after each use.
TTGCGCA
GGATATC
AACGCGU
AACGCGT
An enzyme unzips a DNA double helix.
A molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is assembled by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
Each daughter strand contains a template from the parent strand.
Free nucleotides are attracted to the exposed nucleotides within the replication bubble.
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Translation
Transcription
Replication
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
ATP
Sugar
ADP
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide and water
ATP and enzymes
Sugar and oxygen
Chloroplasts
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
To produce carbon dioxide and water
To break down food
To make sugar out of carbon dioxide and water
To transfer energy from sugar to ATP
To break down ATP into ADP and a phosphate
ATP synthase
Photosynthesis
Electron transport
Fermentation
Copying of DNA in replication
The movement of electrons in the electron transport chain
Capturing of light energy in photosynthesis
The initial breakdown of sugar in glycolysis
Oxidation
Photosynthesis
Endosymbiosis
Colonization
Adding oxygen to the atmosphere
Developing endosymbiotic relationships
Turning into eukaryotic cells
Getting energy from organic molecules
A major increase in the number of reptile species
The development of modern birds and mammals
The movement of life out of water and onto land
An explosion in the number of animal species
Biodiversity increases steadily over time
On the whole, biodiversity decrease
After an initial increase, biodiversity remains constant
Overall biodiversity increases, but it is interrupted by major extinction events
Cambrian explosion
Permian extinction
Rise of the dinosaurs
Age of Mammals
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