Biology Test: Membranes, DNA To Protein, Cell Energy, And A Little Bit Of Evolution

21 Questions | By BU6blord | Updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Attempts: 56

Questions

Settings

Create your own Quiz

Biology Test: Membranes, DNA To Protein, Cell Energy, And A Little Bit Of Evolution - Quiz

Questions and Answers

1.
Oxygen is so essential to your life that you would die within minutes if you were deprived of it. But why? Explain in detail. Include the following in your answer.
- Which critical process is oxygen required for? (1 pt)
- What is the ultimate purpose of that process? (1 pt)
- What exactly does oxygen do in this process? (1 pt)
- Why is oxygen well-suited to this task (as opposed to other elements)? (1 pt)
2.

Describe the process of endosymbiosis in a series of NUMBERED steps. (3 pt)
3.
Explain how enzyme function is similar to a lock-and-key. Use and CAPITALIZE the words:
- SUBSTRATE(1 pt)
- ACTIVE SITE(1 pt)
- ACTIVATION ENERGY(1 pt)
- CATALYST(1 pt)
You are welcome to submit your answer in the form of a labelled sketch on the scrap paper provided. (Be sure to write your name.) You may also type your answer in the space provided here.
4.

Which of the following is an example of a cell moving something across its membrane in a way that requires energy.
- A.
  
  Oxygen diffusing into a blood cell
- B.
  
  Sugar diffusing into a liver cell through a protein channel
- C.
  
  Ions pumped out of a nerve cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
- D.
  
  Water moving from a hypotonic solution into a cell
5.

If you place a red blood cell into an hypertonic solution, which of the following is most likely to occur.
- A.
  
  Nothing major. Cells are hypertonic too, so water will continue to move in and out through the membrane at equilibrium.
- B.
  
  The cell is likely to swell and may even burst as water moves from the solution into the cell.
- C.
  
  The cell is likely to shrivel up as water leaves the cell and flows into the hypertonic solution.
- D.
  
  The cell is likely to alternate between swelling and shriveling as water moves in and out.
- E.
  
  None of the above. Transport of water across the membrane is controlled by the cell.
6.

Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?
- A.
  
  Increases the temperature
- B.
  
  Increases the volume of reactants
- C.
  
  Decreases the reaction rate
- D.
  
  Decreases the activation energy
7.

Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes.
- A.
  
  They are specialized proteins.
- B.
  
  They affect activation energy and reaction rates.
- C.
  
  They can bend or flex.
- D.
  
  They must be rebuilt after each use.
8.

What would the complementary strand of DNA be to the following sequence of bases? TTGCGCA
- A.
  
  TTGCGCA
- B.
  
  GGATATC
- C.
  
  AACGCGU
- D.
  
  AACGCGT
9.

Which of the following does NOT occur as part of DNA replication?
- A.
  
  An enzyme unzips a DNA double helix.
- B.
  
  A molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is assembled by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
- C.
  
  Each daughter strand contains a template from the parent strand.
- D.
  
  Free nucleotides are attracted to the exposed nucleotides within the replication bubble.
10.

How many mRNA bases would it take to covey the code for 10 amino acids?
- A.
  
  10
- B.
  
  1
- C.
  
  20
- D.
  
  40
- E.
  
  30
- F.
  
  5
11.

Which of the following occurs at the ribosome?
- A.
  
  Translation
- B.
  
  Transcription
- C.
  
  Replication
- D.
  
  Cellular respiration
- E.
  
  Photosynthesis
12.

Which molecule stores readily usable energy for the cell?
- A.
  
  ATP
- B.
  
  Sugar
- C.
  
  ADP
- D.
  
  Oxygen
- E.
  
  Carbon dioxide
13.

Which of the following correctly show the products of photosynthesis?
- A.
  
  Carbon dioxide and water
- B.
  
  ATP and enzymes
- C.
  
  Sugar and oxygen
- D.
  
  Chloroplasts
- E.
  
  Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
14.

Which statement best captures the purpose of cellular respiration?
- A.
  
  To produce carbon dioxide and water
- B.
  
  To break down food
- C.
  
  To make sugar out of carbon dioxide and water
- D.
  
  To transfer energy from sugar to ATP
- E.
  
  To break down ATP into ADP and a phosphate
15.

In which process is lactic acid formed when there is not enough oxygen present for cellular respiration to take place?
- A.
  
  ATP synthase
- B.
  
  Photosynthesis
- C.
  
  Electron transport
- D.
  
  Fermentation
16.

Which needs oxygen to take place?
- A.
  
  Copying of DNA in replication
- B.
  
  The movement of electrons in the electron transport chain
- C.
  
  Capturing of light energy in photosynthesis
- D.
  
  The initial breakdown of sugar in glycolysis
17.

The bacterium shown in this figure may have evolved into a mitochondrion after going through the process of
- A.
  
  Oxidation
- B.
  
  Photosynthesis
- C.
  
  Endosymbiosis
- D.
  
  Colonization
18.

Scientists hypothesize that cyanobacteria changed the early Earth by
- A.
  
  Adding oxygen to the atmosphere
- B.
  
  Developing endosymbiotic relationships
- C.
  
  Turning into eukaryotic cells
- D.
  
  Getting energy from organic molecules
19.

Which of the following best describes what is meant by the Cabrian Explosion.
- A.
  
  A major increase in the number of reptile species
- B.
  
  The development of modern birds and mammals
- C.
  
  The movement of life out of water and onto land
- D.
  
  An explosion in the number of animal species
20.

Which of the following best describes the diversity of life over time on Earth?
- A.
  
  Biodiversity increases steadily over time
- B.
  
  On the whole, biodiversity decrease
- C.
  
  After an initial increase, biodiversity remains constant
- D.
  
  Overall biodiversity increases, but it is interrupted by major extinction events
21.

Refer to the graph from the previous question. What key event in life's history is represented by the steep slope of the line labeled A.
- A.
  
  Cambrian explosion
- B.
  
  Permian extinction
- C.
  
  Rise of the dinosaurs
- D.
  
  Age of Mammals