Biology Quiz: Ch 33 On Circulatory System

Valves are the structures that prevent the backwards flow of blood in the circulatory system. These one-way valves are found in the veins and ensure that blood flows in only one direction, towards the heart. When the heart contracts, the valves open, allowing blood to flow forward, and when the heart relaxes, the valves close, preventing any backward flow. This mechanism ensures efficient blood circulation and prevents the pooling or backflow of blood in the veins.

The lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles. They are responsible for pumping blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system. The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs to be oxygenated, while the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. The ventricles are larger and more muscular compared to the upper chambers of the heart, known as atria.

Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, which is a soft, spongy tissue found inside the bones. The bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells play crucial roles in transporting oxygen, fighting infections, and clotting blood. Therefore, the bone marrow is the correct answer as it is the primary site of blood cell production in the human body.

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They have thin walls and a large surface area, which allows for efficient gas exchange between the blood and surrounding tissues. Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to cells through capillaries, while waste products, such as carbon dioxide, move from cells into the blood through these vessels. Capillaries play a crucial role in maintaining proper circulation and facilitating the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues throughout the body.

A human heart has four chambers. The two upper chambers are called atria, and the two lower chambers are called ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs. This four-chambered structure allows for efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body.

Arteries are larger blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Capillaries, on the other hand, are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissues. Therefore, arteries are bigger in size compared to capillaries.

The upper chambers of the heart are called atria. These chambers receive blood returning to the heart and then contract to push the blood into the lower chambers, called ventricles. The ventricles then pump the blood out to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is atrium.

Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues and cells. It plays a crucial role in the transportation of oxygen throughout the body, ensuring that cells receive the necessary oxygen for their proper functioning.

Platelets are the solid component of the blood that is responsible for making scabs and clots. When there is an injury or damage to blood vessels, platelets gather at the site and form a plug to stop bleeding. They release certain substances that help activate other clotting factors, leading to the formation of a fibrin clot. This clot, along with the platelets, forms a scab that helps protect the wound and promote healing. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells are involved in the immune response, and plasma is the liquid component of blood.

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood that makes up approximately 55% of the total blood volume. It is a yellowish fluid that carries various components of the blood, including red and white blood cells, platelets, hormones, nutrients, and waste products. Plasma also plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and regulating body temperature. Hemoglobin, Type A, and platelets are not the correct answers as they refer to specific components of blood rather than the liquid part.

White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are responsible for destroying microorganisms in the blood. They are a crucial part of the immune system and help to fight off infections and diseases. Unlike red blood cells, which primarily carry oxygen, white blood cells are specialized in recognizing and attacking foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. They can engulf and destroy these microorganisms through a process called phagocytosis or produce antibodies to neutralize them. Therefore, white blood cells are the solid component of the blood that is responsible for destroying microorganisms.

The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs. This is because the pulmonary artery is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where it can be oxygenated. Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins and is then pumped out to the rest of the body through the aorta.

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. It receives blood from the left atrium and then contracts to push the blood into the aorta, which is the main artery that carries blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the organs and tissues in the body.

The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body. It is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the organs and tissues in the body, ensuring their proper functioning.

The right atrium receives blood from the body.

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are the correct answer. They contain a protein called hemoglobin that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. Additionally, red blood cells transport nutrients, such as glucose, to the cells for energy production.

The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. It receives blood from the right atrium and then contracts to push the blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs.

The vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the body back to the heart. It is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood to the heart so that it can be pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. The vena cava plays a crucial role in the circulatory system by ensuring that blood circulates properly throughout the body.

The correct answer is P. Vein. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from various parts of the body, including the lungs. The veins in the pulmonary circulation system specifically carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, where it can be pumped to the rest of the body. Arteries, on the other hand, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while the superior and inferior vena cava are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.