Chapter 2 Quiz 2 (2nd Secondary Biology)

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1/62 Questions

Blood vessels that have the highest pressure are the …..
- Arteries
- Veins
- Arterioles
- Capillaries

About This Quiz

Chapter 2 Quiz 2 for 2nd Secondary Biology explores key functions of blood components, such as plasma and red corpuscles, and the circulatory system's mechanics, including blood flow in lungs and heart lubrication. Essential for understanding human biology.

Chapter 2 Quiz 2 (2nd Secondary Biology) - Quiz

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2.

The valves which allow blood to flow from the ventricles into the arteries and not in the opposite direction are .....
- Aortic valve and pulmonary valve
- Bicuspid and tricuspid valve
- Bicuspid and semilunar valve
- Aortic valve and mitral valve
Correct Answer

A. Aortic valve and pulmonary valve

Explanation

The aortic valve and pulmonary valve are the valves that allow blood to flow from the ventricles into the arteries and prevent backflow. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, while the pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. These valves open when the ventricles contract, allowing blood to be pumped out, and then close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. Therefore, the aortic valve and pulmonary valve are the correct answer.

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1
3.

Which of the following matches correctly?
- Superior vena cava - Receives oxygenated blood from the head and arms
- Inferior vena cava - Receives deoxygenated blood from the head and body
- Pulmonary artery - Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Hepatic artery - Carries deoxygenated blood to the intestine
Correct Answer

A. Pulmonary artery - Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Explanation

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This is the correct match because the other options are incorrect. The superior vena cava actually receives deoxygenated blood from the head and arms, while the inferior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from the lower body. The hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver, not deoxygenated blood to the intestine. Therefore, the correct match is the pulmonary artery carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

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4.

Which of the following best describes lymph?
- A fluid produced by lymph nodes that is used to regulate the body’s water content
- A fluid comprised of waste products that is transported by lymph vessels to the kidneys to be excreted
- A fluid derived from blood, comprised of red blood cells, proteins, and platelets, that is transported in lymph vessels
- A fluid derived from blood plasma, comprised of water, nutrients, and other biological molecules, that is transported in lymph vessels
Correct Answer

A. A fluid derived from blood plasma, comprised of water, nutrients, and other biological molecules, that is transported in lymph vessels

Explanation

Lymph is a fluid derived from blood plasma, meaning it is derived from the liquid component of blood. It is comprised of water, nutrients, and other biological molecules. Lymph is transported in lymph vessels throughout the body. This explanation aligns with the given correct answer.

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5.

Why do arteries have thick, muscular walls containing elastic fibers?
- To prevent oxygen from being lost from the blood
- To prevent the backflow of blood
- To help them carry blood at low pressure
- To allow the transport of substances to other cells
- To help them carry blood at high pressure
Correct Answer

A. To help them carry blood at high pressure

Explanation

Arteries have thick, muscular walls containing elastic fibers in order to help them carry blood at high pressure. This is because arteries are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The thick walls and elastic fibers allow the arteries to withstand the force of the blood being pumped by the heart and maintain the high pressure needed to efficiently distribute oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs throughout the body.

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6.

Which blood vessel carries the most oxygen?
- Inferior vena cava
- Posterior vena cava
- Pulmonary vein
- Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer

A. Pulmonary vein

Explanation

The pulmonary vein carries the most oxygen because it is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. After the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it enters the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary vein. From there, it is pumped out to the rest of the body through the systemic circulation. Therefore, the pulmonary vein carries the blood with the highest oxygen content.

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7.

Which of the following is a primary function of lymph nodes?
- Lymph nodes are responsible for initiating an immune response to an infection by a pathogen.
- Lymph nodes are responsible for the transport of lymph from tissue to the circulatory system.
- Lymph nodes initiate the conversion of waste material in the lymph into useful substances.
- Lymph nodes circulate the lymph back to the tissue it came from.
Correct Answer

A. Lymph nodes are responsible for initiating an immune response to an infection by a pathogen.

Explanation

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the lymphatic system. One of their primary functions is to initiate an immune response to an infection by a pathogen. When a pathogen enters the body, it is captured by lymph fluid and carried to the nearest lymph node. Within the lymph node, immune cells called lymphocytes recognize the pathogen and mount an immune response, producing antibodies to neutralize the pathogen and activating other immune cells to destroy it. This immune response helps to protect the body from further infection and aids in the overall functioning of the immune system.

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8.

Complete the table to correctly compare the structure of the three major blood vessels.
- 1: Thick, 2: Small, 3: No, 4: No
- 1: Thin, 2: Small, 3: Yes, 4: No
- 1: Thick, 2: Large, 3: Yes, 4: No
- 1: Thick, 2: Large, 3: No, 4: Yes
- 1: Thin, 2: Large, 3: Yes, 4: Yes
Correct Answer

A. 1: Thick, 2: Large, 3: Yes, 4: No

Explanation

The correct answer is 1: Thick, 2: Large, 3: Yes, 4: No. This answer is correct because it accurately compares the structure of the three major blood vessels. Thick walls indicate that the vessel is able to withstand high pressure, while large size indicates that the vessel carries a large volume of blood. The presence of valves (indicated by "Yes" in 3) is a characteristic of veins, which prevent backflow of blood. The absence of oxygen (indicated by "No" in 4) suggests that the vessel is either a vein or an artery, as both carry deoxygenated blood.

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9.

Which blood vessel has the highest concentration of urea?
- Inferior vena cava
- Hepatic portal vein
- Renal vein
- Renal artery
Correct Answer

A. Renal artery

Explanation

The renal artery is the correct answer because it carries blood from the heart to the kidneys, where waste products such as urea are filtered out of the blood. Therefore, the renal artery has the highest concentration of urea compared to the other blood vessels listed.

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10.

Which blood vessel has the highest concentration of glucose soon after a meal?
- Hepatic portal vein
- Hepatic vein
- Hepatic artery
- Aorta
Correct Answer

A. Hepatic portal vein

Explanation

After a meal, the concentration of glucose in the blood increases. The hepatic portal vein is responsible for carrying blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. This vein transports the nutrients, including glucose, absorbed from the intestines directly to the liver for processing and storage. Therefore, the hepatic portal vein has the highest concentration of glucose soon after a meal.

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11.

In the diagram below, what is represented by the black arrows and white arrows respectively?
- The movement of lymph and the movement of blood
- The diffusion of ions and the movement of urea
- The movement of urea and the diffusion of ions
- The movement of blood and the movement of lymph
Correct Answer

A. The movement of lymph and the movement of blood

Explanation

The black arrows in the diagram represent the movement of lymph, while the white arrows represent the movement of blood.

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12.

Which vessel begins and ends in capillaries?
- Aorta
- Hepatic artery
- Hepatic portal vein
- Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer

A. Hepatic portal vein

Explanation

The hepatic portal vein is the vessel that begins and ends in capillaries. It carries blood from the capillaries of the digestive organs, such as the stomach and intestines, to the capillaries of the liver. This allows for the absorption of nutrients and the detoxification of substances before they enter the systemic circulation. The other options, such as the aorta, hepatic artery, and pulmonary vein, do not follow this specific pathway.

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13.

A student's blood pressure measures 116/70. The number "116" or systolic number refers to the amount of blood pressure inside the ……
- Veins
- Venules
- Capillaries
- Arteries
Correct Answer

A. Arteries

Explanation

The number "116" or systolic number refers to the amount of blood pressure inside the arteries. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The systolic number represents the pressure exerted on the arterial walls when the heart contracts and pumps blood. Therefore, the correct answer is arteries.

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14.

Starting with an electrical impulse being generated in the sinoatrial node, which of the following outlines the passage of electrical impulses in the cardiac cycle in the correct order?
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
Correct Answer

A. E
15.

Where in the heart are the Purkinje fibers located?
- In the walls of the ventricles
- In the lumen of the veins
- In the sinoatrial node
- In the walls of the atria
Correct Answer

A. In the walls of the ventricles

Explanation

The Purkinje fibers are located in the walls of the ventricles. These specialized cardiac muscle fibers are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the ventricles, allowing for coordinated and synchronized contraction of the heart chambers. This ensures efficient pumping of blood to the rest of the body. The Purkinje fibers are larger and have a faster conduction velocity compared to regular cardiac muscle fibers, allowing for rapid transmission of electrical signals and efficient contraction of the ventricles.

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16.

The diagram below shows the human circulatory system. Which number in the diagram where Carbon dioxide enters the circulatory system?
- 1
- 8
- 9
- 7
Correct Answer

A. 7

Explanation

In the human circulatory system, carbon dioxide enters the circulatory system at number 7 in the diagram. This is because number 7 represents the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen during the process of respiration.

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17.

The diagram below shows the human circulatory system. Which number in the diagram where amino acids enter the circulatory system?
- 8
- 7
- 9
- 1
Correct Answer

A. 7

Explanation

Amino acids enter the circulatory system through the small intestine, where they are absorbed into the bloodstream. In the diagram, number 7 represents the small intestine, indicating that this is the location where amino acids enter the circulatory system.

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18.

What is true for the pulmonary circulation?
- Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium
- Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium
- Its arteries supply blood with high oxygen level to all tissues of the body
- Its veins carry blood with a low oxygen level
Correct Answer

A. Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

Explanation

The pulmonary circulation is responsible for carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, and then returning it to the left atrium of the heart. This circulation is separate from the systemic circulation, which carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. The arteries in the pulmonary circulation carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart.

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1
19.

Which of the followings causing increase in blood pressure between points (X) and (Y) in the figure below?
- Left atrial contraction
- Left atrial relaxation
- Left ventricular relaxation
- Left ventricular contraction
Correct Answer

A. Left ventricular contraction

Explanation

Left ventricular contraction causes an increase in blood pressure between points (X) and (Y) in the figure. During this phase, the left ventricle contracts, pushing blood out into the aorta and the rest of the body. This contraction creates a higher pressure in the arteries, leading to an increase in blood pressure.

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20.

The diagram below shows the human circulatory system. What is the number of a vein carries oxygenated blood?
- 9
- 7
- 1
- 8
Correct Answer

A. 9

Explanation

In the human circulatory system, veins are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. However, there is one exception called the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. In the given diagram, the number 9 is circled, indicating that it represents the vein that carries oxygenated blood.

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21.

What does the wall of blood vessels that allow the exchange between blood and tissue cells made up of?
- Epithelial layer
- Epithelial layer and a muscular one
- Muscular layer and a connective one
- Muscular layer
Correct Answer

A. Epithelial layer

Explanation

The wall of blood vessels that allows the exchange between blood and tissue cells is made up of an epithelial layer. This layer is responsible for regulating the movement of substances in and out of the blood vessels, ensuring that nutrients and oxygen are delivered to the tissues and waste products are removed. The epithelial layer is thin and selectively permeable, allowing for efficient exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues.

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22.

From the graph below, which column represents the right ventricle?
- X
- Y
- Z
- W
Correct Answer

A. Y

Explanation

Based on the given graph, the column labeled "Y" represents the right ventricle.

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23.

Which of the following sequences is truly a systemic circulation pathway?
- Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → tissues → pulmonary veins → left atrium
- Left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → tissues → veins → right atrium
- Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary aorta → tissues → right atrium
- Right atrium → left ventricle → aorta → tissues → veins → left atrium
Correct Answer

A. Left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → tissues → veins → right atrium

Explanation

This sequence is the correct systemic circulation pathway because it starts in the left atrium, which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. From the left atrium, the blood flows into the left ventricle, which then pumps it into the aorta. The aorta carries the oxygenated blood to the arteries, which distribute it to the tissues. After the tissues have used up the oxygen and nutrients from the blood, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the veins. In this sequence, the blood returns to the right atrium, completing the systemic circulation pathway.

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24.

Which one of the following is a matching pair?
- Pulsation of the radial artery which supplies the arm with blood - Internal valves in the blood vessels
- Dupp - Opening of semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole
- Lubb - Closure of Atrio-Ventricular valves at the beginning of ventricular systole
- Initiation of the heart beat - Bundle of His
Correct Answer

A. Lubb - Closure of Atrio-Ventricular valves at the beginning of ventricular systole
25.

Which diagram best demonstrates the effect of the movement of an electrical impulse through the Purkinje fibers?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
Correct Answer

A. 4
26.

People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude ………
- There is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production
- People eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
- People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available
- Atmospheric O₂ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O₂ to survive
Correct Answer

A. Atmospheric O₂ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O₂ to survive

Explanation

At high altitudes, the atmospheric oxygen level is lower than at sea level. This means that individuals living at high altitudes need more red blood cells (RBCs) to absorb the required amount of oxygen to survive. The body compensates for the lower oxygen levels by producing more RBCs, which carry oxygen to the tissues. This helps individuals at high altitudes maintain adequate oxygen supply despite the lower atmospheric oxygen levels.

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27.

Blood returning to the heart from the arms, shoulders, and head passes through the …….
- Inferior vena cava
- Superior vena cava
- Palmonary vein
- Hepatic portal vein
Correct Answer

A. Superior vena cava

Explanation

Blood returning to the heart from the arms, shoulders, and head passes through the superior vena cava. The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart. It receives blood from the veins of the arms, shoulders, and head, and then delivers it to the right side of the heart for oxygenation. The inferior vena cava, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, and the hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

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28.

Assertion: Smaller the organism higher is the rate of metabolism per gram weight.Reason: The heart rate of a six month old baby is much higher than that of an old person.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
- Assertion is true statement but Reason is false.
- Both Assertion and Reason are false statements.
Correct Answer

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation

The assertion states that smaller organisms have a higher rate of metabolism per gram weight. This is because smaller organisms have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which leads to a higher metabolic rate. The reason given supports this assertion by stating that the heart rate of a six-month-old baby is much higher than that of an old person. This is because babies have a higher metabolic rate due to their smaller size and higher surface area to volume ratio. Thus, the reason provides a correct explanation for the assertion.

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29.

In which one of the following is extra blood stored and is released when shortage occurs?
- Adrenal gland
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Thyroid gland
Correct Answer

A. Spleen

Explanation

The spleen is responsible for storing extra blood and releasing it when there is a shortage. It acts as a reservoir for red and white blood cells and platelets, which can be released into the bloodstream when needed. The adrenal gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and stress response. The pancreas produces insulin and helps in digestion. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and growth.

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30.

Blood leaving the hepatic portal vein next enters …..
- Hepatic artery
- Inferior vena cava
- Intestinal vein
- Hepatic vein
Correct Answer

A. Hepatic vein

Explanation

The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the intestines and other abdominal organs to the liver, where it is processed and filtered. After passing through the liver, the blood exits through the hepatic vein and returns to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is hepatic vein.

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31.

What part of the blood carries minerals, vitamins, sugar, and other foods to the body's cells?
- Plasma
- Platelets
- Red blood corpuscles
- White blood corpuscles
Correct Answer

A. Plasma

Explanation

Plasma is the correct answer because it is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances, including minerals, vitamins, sugar, and other nutrients, to the body's cells. It also transports waste products away from the cells. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, red blood corpuscles carry oxygen, and white blood corpuscles are involved in the immune response.

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32.

Which of the following statements is correct about lymphatic vessels?
- Lymphatic vessels are numerous within the bone marrow of the body.
- Lymphatic vessels only carry fluid away from the tissue.
- Lymphatic vessels transport fluid to and from muscle tissue.
- Lymphatic vessels are similar in structure to arteries in that they have thick, muscular walls and do not contain valves.
Correct Answer

A. Lymphatic vessels only carry fluid away from the tissue.

Explanation

Lymphatic vessels only carry fluid away from the tissue. Lymphatic vessels are a crucial part of the lymphatic system, which helps in maintaining fluid balance in the body and fighting infections. These vessels collect excess fluid, called lymph, from the tissues and transport it back to the bloodstream. Lymphatic vessels also play a role in immune response by carrying lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, to the lymph nodes where they can encounter pathogens and trigger an immune response. Therefore, the correct statement is that lymphatic vessels only carry fluid away from the tissue.

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33.

From which one of the following chambers of human heart, oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
Correct Answer

A. Left ventricle

Explanation

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood into the aorta. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and then passes it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart, and it contracts forcefully to pump blood into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. This oxygenated blood is then distributed to the rest of the body's tissues and organs through the network of arteries.

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34.

If the radius of blood vessels of a person increases, his/her blood pressure will …..
- Increase
- Decrease
- Remain unaffected
- Increase for males and decrease for females
Correct Answer

A. Decrease

Explanation

If the radius of blood vessels of a person increases, his/her blood pressure will decrease. This is because when the radius of blood vessels increases, the total cross-sectional area of the vessels also increases. As a result, the blood flow slows down and the resistance to blood flow decreases, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.

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35.

Which vessel returns blood from the body to the heart?
- Pulmonary vein
- Aorta
- Vena cava
- Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer

A. Vena cava

Explanation

The vena cava is the correct answer because it is the large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. There are two types of vena cava: the superior vena cava, which returns blood from the upper body, and the inferior vena cava, which returns blood from the lower body.

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36.

The flow of blood back to the heart (venous return) would be increased by …...
- Dilation of the veins
- Loss of the venous valves
- Increased skeletal muscle activity
- Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer

A. Increased skeletal muscle activity

Explanation

Increased skeletal muscle activity can increase the flow of blood back to the heart (venous return) because the contraction of skeletal muscles helps to squeeze the veins and push blood towards the heart. This action, known as the skeletal muscle pump, helps to overcome the low pressure in the veins and prevent blood from pooling in the lower extremities. Therefore, increased skeletal muscle activity can improve venous return and promote efficient circulation.

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37.

What are the major components of the lymphatic system?
- Lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels
- Lymph, lymphatic cells, and the heart
- Lymph, the lymphatic nervous system, and lymph nodes
- Lymph, lymphatic skin cells, and lymph nodes
Correct Answer

A. Lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels

Explanation

The major components of the lymphatic system are lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates throughout the body and collects waste products and toxins from tissues. Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and contain immune cells that help fight infection. Lymphatic vessels are a network of thin tubes that carry lymph throughout the body. Together, these components play a crucial role in the body's immune response and maintaining fluid balance.

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38.

What is the function of valves in the circulatory system?
- To only let oxygenated blood through
- To only let deoxygenated blood through
- To stop blood flowing backwards
- To help in the pulsation of arteries
Correct Answer

A. To stop blood flowing backwards

Explanation

The function of valves in the circulatory system is to prevent the backflow of blood. Valves are present in the veins and they ensure that blood flows in one direction, towards the heart. When the heart contracts and pumps blood, the valves open to allow blood to flow forward, and then close to prevent it from flowing backward. This helps maintain the proper flow of blood and prevents any regurgitation or backflow.

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39.

Which of the following would decrease the mean arterial blood pressure (the average pressure in the arteries)?
- Constriction of arterioles
- Dilation of the arterioles
- Increased blood volume
- Constriction of venules
Correct Answer

A. Dilation of the arterioles

Explanation

Dilation of the arterioles would decrease the mean arterial blood pressure because it would decrease the resistance to blood flow in the arteries. When the arterioles dilate, the diameter of the blood vessels increases, allowing more blood to flow through them. This results in a decrease in the pressure exerted on the arterial walls, leading to a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure.

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40.

In the diagram below, what are (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E)?
- (A) artery, (B) arteriole, (C) venule, (D) vein, (E) capillaries
- (A) arteriole, (B) artery, (C) vein, (D) venule, (E) capillaries
- (A) venule, (B) vein, (C) artery, (D) arteriole, (E) capillaries
- (A) vein, (B) venule, (C) arteriole, (D) artery, (E) capillaries
Correct Answer

A. (A) artery, (B) arteriole, (C) venule, (D) vein, (E) capillaries

Explanation

The correct answer is (A) artery, (B) arteriole, (C) venule, (D) vein, (E) capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, so (A) is the artery. Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries that lead to capillaries, so (B) is the arteriole. Venules are small veins that receive blood from capillaries, so (C) is the venule. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, so (D) is the vein. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs, so (E) is the capillaries.

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41.

Which chamber of the heart contracts with the highest pressure?
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Right ventricle
- Right atrium
Correct Answer

A. Left ventricle

Explanation

The left ventricle contracts with the highest pressure because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood out of the heart and into the body's main artery, the aorta. This requires a strong contraction to overcome the resistance of the systemic circulation and ensure that oxygenated blood reaches all the organs and tissues of the body. The left ventricle has thicker walls and a more muscular structure compared to the other chambers of the heart, enabling it to generate the necessary force to pump blood effectively.

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42.

Which organs are involved in the hepatic portal circulation pathway?
- The heart and the organs of the respiratory system
- The heart and the small intestine
- The liver and the organs of the digestive system
- The lungs and the stomach
- The kidneys and the heart
Correct Answer

A. The liver and the organs of the digestive system

Explanation

The hepatic portal circulation pathway involves the liver and the organs of the digestive system. This pathway allows the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract to be transported directly to the liver for processing and storage. The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying and metabolizing these nutrients before they are released into the systemic circulation. Therefore, the correct answer is the liver and the organs of the digestive system.

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43.

_______ carry blood away from the heart.
- Atria
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
Correct Answer

A. Arteries

Explanation

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They are thick-walled blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The strong muscular walls of arteries help maintain blood pressure and ensure that blood flows efficiently throughout the body.

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44.

What is the main job of the red corpuscles in the blood?
- To clot blood
- To fight disease
- To transport oxygen to the body's cells and carry away carbon dioxide from the cells
- To transport carbon dioxide to the body's cells and carry away oxygen from the cells
Correct Answer

A. To transport oxygen to the body's cells and carry away carbon dioxide from the cells

Explanation

The main job of the red corpuscles in the blood is to transport oxygen to the body's cells and carry away carbon dioxide from the cells.

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45.

Which of the following is true about vasoconstriction?
- Reduces the volume inside the blood vessel. This causes higher blood pressure.
- Increases the volume inside the blood vessel. This causes lower blood pressure.
- Increases the volume inside the blood vessel. This causes higher blood pressure
- Reduces the volume inside the blood vessel. This causes lower blood pressure
Correct Answer

A. Reduces the volume inside the blood vessel. This causes higher blood pressure.

Explanation

Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which results in a decrease in the volume of blood flowing through them. When the volume inside the blood vessel is reduced, the same amount of blood is forced through a smaller space, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, vasoconstriction causes higher blood pressure.

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46.

What happens when a clot occurred in an undamaged blood vessel?
- The person would bleed to death.
- A scar will form on the skin surface.
- Platelets stick to the edges of the cut and to one another, forming a plug.
- The flow of blood to tissues beyond the clot may be cut off.
Correct Answer

A. The flow of blood to tissues beyond the clot may be cut off.

Explanation

When a clot occurs in an undamaged blood vessel, it can block the flow of blood to tissues beyond the clot. This can lead to a lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching those tissues, potentially causing damage or death to the affected area.

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47.

_______ carries nutrients such as glucose, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Plasma
- Hemoglobin
Correct Answer

A. Plasma

Explanation

Plasma carries nutrients such as glucose, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It is the liquid component of blood and makes up about 55% of total blood volume. Plasma also transports hormones, waste products, and antibodies throughout the body. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin have different functions in the blood but do not directly carry nutrients.

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48.

Which vessel type is not correctly matched with one of its functions?
- Arteries - conduct blood away from the heart
- Arterioles - return blood from the tissues to the atria
- Capillaries - site of exchange of substances between the blood and tissue fluid
- Veins - serves as a blood reservoir
Correct Answer

A. Arterioles - return blood from the tissues to the atria
49.

What happens to blood when it is pumped into the thin-walled blood vessels of the lungs?
- Plasma exchange.
- Carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen.
- Blood fills the lungs and causes coughing.
- Nothing -- the lungs are just a place blood goes through on its way back to the heart.
Correct Answer

A. Carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen.

Explanation

When blood is pumped into the thin-walled blood vessels of the lungs, carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen. This occurs through a process called gas exchange, where oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the blood while carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses out of the blood and into the lungs. This exchange of gases allows the blood to become oxygenated and ready to be transported to the body's tissues.

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