Biology A, Final/Midterm Review

The scientific method is a systematic approach used to solve problems or conduct experiments. It involves a series of steps including making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. This method allows researchers to gather reliable and valid information, ensuring that their findings are based on evidence and can be replicated by others. It is widely used in various fields of science to investigate and understand the natural world.

Crossing over is the process in which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This exchange occurs between chromatids, which are replicated copies of chromosomes. This process leads to genetic recombination and variation in offspring. Therefore, the area of a chromatid being exchanged with matching homologous chromosomes is a characteristic of crossing over. The other options, Law of Segregation and Biodiversity, do not involve the exchange of genetic material between chromatids.

Chlorophyll is the correct answer because it is a pigment found in plants that is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. The equation given represents the process of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen using light energy. Chlorophyll plays a crucial role in this process by absorbing light energy and initiating the chemical reactions that produce glucose, which is the main source of energy for plants.

The given words, such as amber, trace, mold, cast, and imprint, are all associated with the field of paleontology and the study of fossils. These words describe different types of fossils that can be found in the earth, providing evidence of ancient life forms. Therefore, the correct answer is "Types of Fossils."

Scientists accept both scientific laws and theories as facts of nature. A scientific law is a statement that describes a natural phenomenon or pattern in the physical world. It is based on repeated observations and experiments and is considered to be universally true. On the other hand, a scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. It is supported by a large body of evidence and has undergone extensive testing and peer review. The scientific method, although not a fact of nature itself, is the systematic approach that scientists use to acquire knowledge and understanding of the natural world.

During meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate and only one from each pair is passed to the offspring. This is known as the law of segregation, which was discovered by Mendel. This law explains how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring and how traits are inherited. It states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for each trait segregate or separate, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait. This ensures genetic diversity and variation in offspring.

Mammals supposedly evolved during both the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. The Mesozoic era, also known as the Age of Reptiles, spanned from about 252 to 66 million years ago and was characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs. It is believed that early mammals coexisted with dinosaurs during this era. The Cenozoic era, also known as the Age of Mammals, began about 66 million years ago after the extinction of dinosaurs and continues to the present day. This era saw the diversification and expansion of mammals into various ecological niches.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals of a species that can be supported by a given habitat. It takes into account various factors such as food quantity, size of habitat, and other limiting resources. As these factors change, the carrying capacity can also change, influencing the population size and growth. Therefore, carrying capacity is directly related to the factors mentioned and affects the population size and growth.