Biology Final Review Quiz

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to be a major risk factor for the development of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds can cause damage to the DNA in skin cells, leading to the formation of cancerous cells. This damage can accumulate over time and increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that skin cancer is the disease most likely to occur after excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. Translation, on the other hand, is the process by which the mRNA sequence is used to synthesize a protein. Therefore, when transcription is combined with translation, it leads to protein synthesis, as the mRNA sequence is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids that form a protein.

Translation is the process in which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins. During translation, mRNA binds to ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons on the mRNA. The ribosome then catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids, ultimately assembling the protein. Therefore, the statement that translation involves mRNA meeting up with tRNA to put together proteins at the ribosome is correct.

Excretion is the process of removing waste products from an organism. This includes the elimination of metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide, urea, and excess water. Through excretion, the body maintains homeostasis by getting rid of harmful substances and maintaining proper balance. Transport refers to the movement of substances within an organism, respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, and reproduction is the production of offspring. Therefore, excretion is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the removal of waste.

Flowers do not go through photosynthesis to look pretty. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It is a vital process for plants to produce their own food. While flowers may use the glucose produced through photosynthesis for growth and development, their primary purpose is to attract pollinators for reproduction, not to look pretty. The vibrant colors and attractive shapes of flowers are adaptations to attract insects, birds, or other animals that help in the pollination process. Therefore, the statement that flowers go through photosynthesis to look pretty is false.

The correct answer is C) synthesis. In the word "STERNGERR," the letter S stands for synthesis. Synthesis refers to the process of combining different elements or substances to create something new. In this context, it is likely referring to the synthesis of molecules or compounds within the STERNGERR system.

RNA and DNA are types of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are organic compounds that are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information. They are made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. RNA and DNA are both examples of nucleic acids, with DNA being the main genetic material in most organisms and RNA playing a crucial role in protein synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is C) nucleic acid.

The statement is true because geese have the natural instinct to imprint on the first moving object they see after hatching, which is usually their mother. This imprinting behavior helps them recognize and bond with their caregiver, and allows them to learn important skills and behaviors necessary for survival.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and flowers convert sunlight into energy, using this energy to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen through a series of chemical reactions. This process is essential for the survival of plants and is responsible for the oxygen production in the atmosphere. Therefore, the statement that photosynthesis is what flowers and plants do to obtain energy and convert CO2 into oxygen is true.

The given characteristics, such as having cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia for obtaining nutrients, having a contractile vacuole for maintaining balance, some cells containing cell walls, and the ability to reproduce sexually or asexually, are all traits commonly found in protists. Therefore, the correct answer is A) Protists.

The three types of RNA are rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA. rRNA stands for ribosomal RNA and is responsible for assembling proteins in the ribosomes. tRNA, or transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. mRNA, or messenger RNA, carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Transcription is the process by which the DNA sequence is used as a template to synthesize mRNA. mRNA carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. Therefore, it is correct to say that mRNA is formed from the DNA code and acts as the blueprint for protein synthesis.

Estivation is a period of inactivity for animals experiencing extreme heat, while hibernation is a period of inactivity for animals experiencing extreme cold. Both estivation and hibernation serve the same function of allowing animals to conserve energy and survive in harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Hibernation.

The given answer is the rewritten mRNA codon for the original sequence AAA/TAG/UGA. In mRNA, the base A is replaced by U, T is replaced by A, and G is replaced by C. Therefore, AAA becomes UUU, TAG becomes AUC, and UGA becomes ACU.

The dog in the experiment demonstrated classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning where an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, resulting in a learned response. In this case, the dog learned to associate the sound of the bell (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (meaningful stimulus), which caused it to salivate. Over time, the dog developed a conditioned response of salivating when it heard the bell alone, even without the presence of food.

The statement is false because insects moving toward or away from light is not considered a learned behavior. It is actually an innate behavior known as phototaxis, where insects are naturally attracted to or repelled by light. This behavior is instinctual and does not require any learning or prior experience.

Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes, each having a small additive effect on the phenotype. Skin color, height, and eye color are all examples of polygenic traits because they are influenced by the combined effects of multiple genes. This means that the traits can vary along a continuum, with individuals exhibiting a range of phenotypes rather than distinct categories.

The combination of symptoms such as nausea, fever, cough, and sore throat is indicative of a viral infection. While all the options listed are caused by viruses, the most common illness that presents with these symptoms is the flu (influenza). Therefore, the correct answer is B) Flu.

The given answer is true because there is a logical connection between the two statements. The first statement states that "Transport" is related to "Amphinian", which implies that "Amphinian" is involved in some form of transportation. The second statement explains that "Chemosynthesis" is related to a "closed circulatory system 3 chambered heart". Since both statements are true and there is a logical connection between them, it can be concluded that the answer is true.

This example of flowers resulting in pink color when red and white flowers are crossed is known as incomplete dominance. In incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blending or intermediate phenotype. In this case, the red allele and the white allele are not completely dominant over each other, leading to the pink color phenotype.

Blood types are an example of multiple alleles, which means that there are more than two possible alleles for a particular gene. In the case of blood types, there are three alleles: A, B, and O. Each individual can have two of these alleles, resulting in four possible blood types: A, B, AB, and O. This is an example of multiple alleles, not sex-linked traits or incomplete dominance.

The symptoms described in the question, including fever, swollen glands, and sore throat, are characteristic of a bacterial infection known as streptococcus. This type of sickness can be transmitted from person to person, but it is not related to genetics. Therefore, the correct answer is D) STREPTOCOCCUS.

Estivation refers to a state of dormancy or inactivity that some animals enter during hot and dry summer months. During estivation, the metabolism of these animals slows down to conserve energy and cope with the extreme heat. This enables them to survive in harsh conditions when resources are limited. Therefore, option D, slower metabolism in the summer/heat, is the correct answer as it accurately describes the phenomenon of estivation.

Habituation refers to the process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus over time, resulting in a decreased response. In the given example, developing a habit such as biting nails or writing with a particular hand involves repetitive behavior that becomes ingrained and automatic. This aligns with the concept of habituation, as the individual becomes less responsive to the action and it becomes a regular part of their behavior.

The correct answer is A) Zoo plankton. In this food chain, algae is the primary producer, zoo plankton consumes the algae as its food source, shrimp consumes zoo plankton, fish consumes shrimp, and shark consumes fish. The animal that consumes the primary consumer (zoo plankton) is considered the secondary consumer, which in this case is the zoo plankton.

The correct answer is D) Both B and C are correct. This means that the definition of reflexes includes both the doctor hitting the knee (a simple response to a stimulus) and simple responses that are programmed by the nervous system. Reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses that occur without conscious thought and are designed to protect the body from harm.

The correct answer is D) Nutrition. Obtaining materials for energy refers to the process of acquiring and processing food or nutrients in order to sustain life and support growth and development. This process is known as nutrition.

Insects are the correct answer because they fit all the given characteristics. They are known for producing organic compounds and obtaining oxygen through spiracles. Insects also undergo metamorphosis, a process of structural modification, which contributes to the diversity within their class. Therefore, insects are the most suitable option based on the provided information.

In a food chain, the prime consumer is the organism that directly consumes producers, which in this case is grass. Grass is at the bottom of the food chain and is consumed by the grasshopper, which is then consumed by the bird, and so on. The snake and hawk are higher up in the food chain and are considered secondary and tertiary consumers, respectively. Therefore, the prime consumer in this food chain is grass.