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Plasma membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cytosol
Mitochondrial matrix
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Hexokinase
6-phosphofructo-1-kinase
Glyceraldehaye 3-phosphate dehaydrogenase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
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Feedback inhibition by ATP.
Allosteric inhibition by ATP.
Allosteric stimulation by ADP
All three are correct.
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2
6
12
36
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Phosphoglucose isomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Fructose bisphosphate aldolase
Glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
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Mitochondrial matrix
Inner mitochondrial membrane.
Intermembrane space.
Outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Cytosol
Outer mitochondrial membrane.
Intermembrane space.
Inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Acetaldehyde.
Lactic acid.
Acetic acid.
Acetyl-CoA.
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Substrate-level phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis.
Photophosphorylation.
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A loss of electrons
A gain of electrons.
A reducing agent.
All of the above.
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Fe3+
FAD
NAD+
Ubiquinone (a.k.a. CoQ)
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Complex I
Complex II
Complex III
Complex IV
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The formation of glycogen
The formation of starches
The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrates
The formation of glucose from other carbohydrates
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Glyoxylate cycle
Krebs cycle
Cori Cycle
Gluconeogenesis cycle
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Liver
Pancreas
Kidney
Small Intestine
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Oxaloacetate
Acetate
Malate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
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The increase of enzyme activity by glucagon
The decrease of enzyme activity by insulin
Triggering gene expression increasing transcription
The elevation of cAMP on fasting
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True
False
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Acetyl CoA
ADP
ATP
CoA
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Pyruvate Kinase
4 irreversible reactions in glycolysis
3 irreversible reactions in glycolysis
2 irreversible reactions in glycolysis
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ATP
ADP
UTP
UDP
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Muscle
Liver
Muscle and liver
Pancreas
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Glycogen synthase
Debranching enzyme
Phosphoglucomutase
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
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More; activated
Less; activated
More; inhibited
Less; inhibited
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More; activated
Less; activated
More; inhibited
Less; inhibited
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Activation of glycogen synthesis through phosphorylation of the glycogen synthase enzyme
Activation of glycogen synthesis through de-phosphorylation of the glycogen synthase enzyme
Activation of glycogen breakdown through phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase
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Monosaturates
Monoglycerides
Triglycerides
Polysaturates
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4
6
3
2
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Carbon
Acetyl CoA
NADH
Lipase
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Acetone
Acetoacetate
Palmitic acid
β-hydroxybutyrate
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Surface
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
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Adrenalin
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Cortisone
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D-glucose; D-galactose
D-glucose; L-galactose
L-glucose; D-galactose
L-glucose; D-glucose
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Lactose; monosaccharide
Lactose; disaccharide
Sucrose; monosaccharide
Sucrose: disaccharide
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Phosphoglycerides
Ceramides
Triacylglycerols
Gangliosides
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Serve as energy storage in adipose tissue
Are the main precursor and building block for cholesterol and steroid-based compounds
Are an example of the group of lipids known as prostaglandins
Is comprised of glycerol, fatty acids and either a phosphoric acid or a phosphatidic ester
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Interaction with other polypeptide chains
The sequence ala-cys-gly-ser
Beta sheets
The overall three dimensional folding of the protein
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Not all proteins achieve quaternary level structure
Secondary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids
Primary structure refers to alpha helices and beta-pleated sheet.
A proteins comprised of just one polypeptide chain is said to be oligomeric
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Electrostatic interactions
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
All of the above
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The maximum velocity that any given enzyme reaction can achieve
The substrate concentration at which the enzyme is saturated
The substrate concentration when the reaction is half the way toward the maximal velocity
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Low (acidic) pH
High (basic) pH
Neutral (physiological) pH
In the cytosol of cells
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Are those controlled by covalent modification
Follow a concerted mechanism to go back and forth between T and R states
Catalyze reactions to coavalently modify another enzyme
Are allosteric modulators
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2
6
12
36
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Plasma membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cytosol
Mitochondrial matrix
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Acetaldehyde
Lactic acid
Acetic acid
Acetyl-CoA
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Substrate-level phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis.
Photophosphorylation.
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A rise in AMP levels
Phosphorylation of the enzyme
A drop in blood glucose levels
A rise in glucose 6 phosphate
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Pyruvate Kinase
4 Irreversible reactions in glycolysis
3 Irreversible reactions in glycolysis
2 Irreversible reactions in glycolysis
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