Bio Test 3 (Part 4)
Bio test part 4 of 5.55 question test.
- 1.
As the trees of England become less sooty due to pollution controls on factories, which of the following should occur?
- A.
Fewer dark moths should survive.
- B.
Numbers of dark and light moths won't change due to stabilizing selection.
- C.
Genetic mutations will be reversed.
- D.
More light-gray moths should survive.
- E.
Fewer dark moths should survive, and more light-gray moths should survive.
Correct Answer
E. Fewer dark moths should survive, and more light-gray moths should survive.Explanation
As the trees of England become less sooty due to pollution controls on factories, the environment becomes less favorable for dark moths. Dark moths are more visible and easier for predators to spot on cleaner trees, which makes them more likely to be eaten. On the other hand, light-gray moths are better camouflaged against the lighter-colored trees, which gives them an advantage in survival. Therefore, fewer dark moths should survive, and more light-gray moths should survive.Rate this question:
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- 2.
An insect that exhibits resistance to a pesticide
- A.
Developed the resistance in response to the pesticide.
- B.
Mutated when exposed to the pesticide.
- C.
Inherited genes that made it resistant to the pesticide.
- D.
Provides an example of pest resurgence.
- E.
None of these.
Correct Answer
C. Inherited genes that made it resistant to the pesticide.Explanation
The correct answer is "inherited genes that made it resistant to the pesticide." This is because resistance to a pesticide is usually due to genetic variations that are passed down from one generation to another. Insects with these inherited genes are better able to survive and reproduce in the presence of the pesticide, leading to an increase in the resistant population over time.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When DDT was first introduced, insects were very susceptible to it. The development of resistance to DDT by insects was the result of
- A.
Special creation.
- B.
Natural selection of forms that expressed genes for resistance.
- C.
The high biotic potential of insects.
- D.
A naturally occurring example of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
- E.
Mutation induced by DDT.
Correct Answer
B. Natural selection of forms that expressed genes for resistance.Explanation
The correct answer is "natural selection of forms that expressed genes for resistance." This explanation is based on the concept of natural selection, which states that organisms with traits that provide an advantage for survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. In this case, when DDT was first introduced, insects that had genes for resistance to DDT were more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the development of resistance in the insect population over time.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Male mallards have had emerald green head feathers and wings with metallic blue patches for hundreds of years, whereas female mallards have been drab, brown-feathered ducks. This phenotypic situation suggests that mallards may be an example of
- A.
Directional selection.
- B.
Polyploidy.
- C.
Allopatric speciation.
- D.
Disruptive selection.
- E.
Sexual isolation.
Correct Answer
E. Sexual isolation.Explanation
The given information states that male mallards have distinct physical characteristics (emerald green head feathers and metallic blue patches) while female mallards have less noticeable features (drab, brown feathers). This suggests that there is a difference in appearance between males and females, which could lead to sexual isolation. Sexual isolation refers to the situation where individuals of different sexes have different traits or behaviors that prevent them from successfully mating with each other. In this case, the distinct physical characteristics of male and female mallards could lead to a reduced likelihood of successful mating, indicating sexual isolation.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The difference in the appearance of the male and the female is known as
- A.
Polymorphism.
- B.
Sexual dimorphism.
- C.
The dioecious condition.
- D.
Sexual selection.
- E.
A primary sexual characteristic.
Correct Answer
B. Sexual dimorphism.Explanation
Sexual dimorphism refers to the physical differences between males and females of the same species. These differences can include size, coloration, and other characteristics that are related to reproduction and mate selection. Polymorphism refers to the occurrence of different forms or variations within a species, which may or may not be related to sexual differences. The dioecious condition refers to the separation of sexes into distinct male and female organisms. Sexual selection refers to the process by which certain traits are favored and passed on to the next generation due to their attractiveness to potential mates. Primary sexual characteristics are the anatomical structures directly involved in reproduction. Therefore, sexual dimorphism is the most appropriate term to describe the difference in appearance between male and female individuals.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Male northern sea lions are nearly twice the size of females because
- A.
Males live longer than females.
- B.
Predators of the sea lions favor males.
- C.
Males compete to mate with females.
- D.
Each male must protect the one female with which he mates.
- E.
Males share in parenting the offspring.
Correct Answer
C. Males compete to mate with females.Explanation
Male northern sea lions are nearly twice the size of females because males compete to mate with females. This is a common phenomenon in many animal species where males develop larger bodies or other physical traits to gain an advantage in competing for mates. In the case of northern sea lions, larger males are more successful in competing for females, which leads to a size difference between the sexes. This competition for mates drives the evolution of larger male size in order to increase reproductive success.Rate this question:
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- 7.
For most species that exhibit sexual dimorphism the selection of a mate is the responsibility of the
- A.
Male.
- B.
Parents.
- C.
Female.
- D.
Larger individual, no matter the species.
- E.
More colorful individual.
Correct Answer
C. Female.Explanation
In most species that exhibit sexual dimorphism, the selection of a mate is the responsibility of the female. This means that females have the power to choose their mates based on various factors such as physical traits, behavior, or resources provided by the male. This is often observed in species where males compete with each other for the attention and favor of females, and females have the final say in selecting the most suitable mate.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The influence of genetic drift on allele frequencies increases as
- A.
Gene flow increases.
- B.
Population size decreases.
- C.
Mutation rate decreases.
- D.
The number of heterozygous loci increases.
- E.
Random mating increases.
Correct Answer
B. Population size decreases.Explanation
Genetic drift refers to the random fluctuations in allele frequencies within a population. It occurs more prominently in smaller populations where chance events can have a greater impact on the gene pool. As population size decreases, genetic drift becomes more influential because there are fewer individuals to contribute to the next generation's gene pool. In larger populations, gene flow, mutation rates, the number of heterozygous loci, and random mating have a relatively smaller effect on allele frequencies compared to genetic drift.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Starlings were introduced into the US as a result of a small population being brought over centuries ago. Although there are now as many starlings in North America as there are in Europe, genetic variability in the North American population is reduced relative to that in Europe because
- A.
There are more environments in Europe.
- B.
The North American population is derived from a small founder population.
- C.
There is more gene flow in Europe.
- D.
There is less mutation in North America.
- E.
There is less habitat fragmentation in Europe.
Correct Answer
B. The North American population is derived from a small founder population.Explanation
The genetic variability in the North American population of starlings is reduced relative to that in Europe because the North American population is derived from a small founder population. This means that only a limited number of individuals were initially introduced into North America, resulting in a smaller gene pool and less genetic diversity compared to the larger and more diverse population in Europe.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The sharp reduction of the gene pool and the numbers of a population through a severe epidemic is an example of
- A.
Natural selection.
- B.
Genetic isolation.
- C.
The bottleneck effect.
- D.
The founder principle.
- E.
All of these
Correct Answer
C. The bottleneck effect.Explanation
The sharp reduction of the gene pool and population numbers through a severe epidemic is an example of the bottleneck effect. This occurs when a population is drastically reduced in size, leading to a significant loss of genetic diversity. As a result, the surviving individuals have a limited gene pool, which can impact the population's ability to adapt to environmental changes. This phenomenon is a key concept in evolutionary biology and can have long-lasting effects on the genetic composition of a population.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Gene flow
- A.
Makes adjacent populations more similar.
- B.
Acts to prevent speciation.
- C.
Is a microevolutionary process.
- D.
Counteracts the effects of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.
- E.
All of these
Correct Answer
A. Makes adjacent populations more similar.Explanation
Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material from one population to another through migration or interbreeding. This process can lead to increased genetic similarity between adjacent populations as individuals from one population introduce new genetic variations to another population. This can result in the spread of beneficial traits and the homogenization of gene pools, making adjacent populations more similar. Therefore, the correct answer is "makes adjacent populations more similar."Rate this question:
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