Bio Test #2 Review

18 Questions | By Ncannatella | Last updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Total Attempts: 104

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Chapters 41-44

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following is true of urea? it is
- A.
  
  Insoluble in water
- B.
  
  The primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates
- C.
  
  More toxic to human cells than ammonia
- D.
  
  The primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds
- E.
  
  The primary nitrogenous waste product of humans
2.

Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart?
- A.
  
  Mammals
- B.
  
  Birds
- C.
  
  Reptiles
- D.
  
  Fishes
- E.
  
  Amphibians
3.

Where and from what compound is urea produced?
- A.
  
  Kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids
- B.
  
  Kidneys from glucose
- C.
  
  Bladder from uric acid and H2O
- D.
  
  Liver from NH3 and CO2
- E.
  
  Liver from glycogen
4.

The body is capable of catabolizing many substances as sources of energy. which of the followin would be used as an energy source only after the depletion of other sources?
- A.
  
  Glycogen in muscle cells
- B.
  
  Protein in muscle cells
- C.
  
  Calcium phosphate in bone
- D.
  
  Fat in adipose tissue
- E.
  
  Glucose in the blood
5.

Which feature of osmoregulation is found in both marine and freshwater bony fish?
- A.
  
  Gain of water through food
- B.
  
  No drinking of water
- C.
  
  Loss of water in the urine
- D.
  
  Gain of salt through gills
- E.
  
  Loss of water though gills
6.

Same nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of certain humans because
- A.
  
  They are necessary coenzymes
- B.
  
  Only those animals use the nutrients
- C.
  
  Only some foods contain them
- D.
  
  They are subunits of important polymers
- E.
  
  They cannot be manufactured by the organism
7.

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be_________with its__________environment
- A.
  
  Hyperosmotic, saltwater
- B.
  
  Hyperosmotic, freshwater
- C.
  
  Isoosmotic, saltwater
- D.
  
  Isotonic, freshwater
- E.
  
  Hypoosmotic, saltwater
8.

Which cells and which signaling molecules are responsible for initiating an inflammatory response?
- A.
  
  Lymphocytes: interferons
- B.
  
  Phagocytes: chemokines
- C.
  
  Mast cells: histamines
- D.
  
  Phagocytes: lysozomes
- E.
  
  Dendritic cells: interferons
9.

A marine sea star was mistakenly placed in freshwater and it died. what is the most likely explanation for its death?
- A.
  
  The sea star was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to new conditions
- B.
  
  The contractible vacuoles used to regulate water content ruptured in the freshwater
- C.
  
  The osmoregulatory system of the sea star could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the freshwater
- D.
  
  The sea star is hyperosmotic to the freshwater, and it could not osmoregulate
- E.
  
  The cells of the sea star dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize
10.

The blood level of which gas is most important to controling human respiration rate?
- A.
  
  Nitrogen
- B.
  
  Carbon dioxide
- C.
  
  Carbon monoxide
- D.
  
  Nitric acid
- E.
  
  Oxygen
11.

What is the substrate of salivary amylase?
- A.
  
  Starch
- B.
  
  Glucose
- C.
  
  Sucrose
- D.
  
  Maltose
- E.
  
  Protein
12.

Organisms in which a circulating body fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have which of the following?
- A.
  
  Hemolymph
- B.
  
  A closed circulatory system
- C.
  
  Branched trachea
- D.
  
  A gastrovascular cavity
- E.
  
  An open circulatory system
13.

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that act in a manner similar to those of insects. while not specific to a particular pathogen, a TLR can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens. which of the following is most likely to be recognized by a particular TLR that defends against some viruses?
- A.
  
  Lipopolysaccharides
- B.
  
  Phospholipids
- C.
  
  Double-stranded DNA
- D.
  
  Double stranded RNA
- E.
  
  Glycoproteins
14.

Inflammatory responses may include which of the following?
- A.
  
  Release of substances to decrease the blood supply to the inflamed area
- B.
  
  Increased activity of phagocytes in the inflamed area
- C.
  
  Inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrow
- D.
  
  Reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma
- E.
  
  Clotting proteins migrating away from the site of infection
15.

To adjust blood pressure independently in capillaries of the gas exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)
- A.
  
  Lymphatic system
- B.
  
  Four-chambered heart
- C.
  
  Open circulatory system
- D.
  
  Hemocoel
- E.
  
  Two-chambered heart
16.

Without functioning parietal cells, which of the following would you expect for an individual?
- A.
  
  Only to be able to digest fat in the stomach
- B.
  
  Only to be able to initiate digestion in the small intestine
- C.
  
  Not to be able to initiate protein digestion in the stomach
- D.
  
  Not to be able to produce pepsinogen
- E.
  
  Not to be able to initiate mechanical digestion in the stomach
17.

If a newborn were accidentally given a drug that destroyed the thymus, what would most likely happen?
- A.
  
  His humoral immunity would be missing
- B.
  
  His B cells would be reduced in number and antibodies would not form
- C.
  
  Genetic rearrangement of antigen receptors would not occur
- D.
  
  His cells would lack class I MHC molecules on their surface
- E.
  
  His T cells would not mature and differentiate appropraitely
18.

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because
- A.
  
  The rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume
- B.
  
  Pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs
- C.
  
  Gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure
- D.
  
  Pressure in the alveoli increases
- E.
  
  A positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm reaxes

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