Bio Test #2 Review
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Chapters 41-44
- 1.Which of the following is true of urea? it is
- A.
Insoluble in water
- B.
The primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates
- C.
More toxic to human cells than ammonia
- D.
The primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds
- E.
The primary nitrogenous waste product of humans
- 2.Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart?
- A.
Mammals
- B.
Birds
- C.
Reptiles
- D.
Fishes
- E.
Amphibians
- 3.Where and from what compound is urea produced?
- A.
Kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids
- B.
Kidneys from glucose
- C.
Bladder from uric acid and H2O
- D.
Liver from NH3 and CO2
- E.
Liver from glycogen
- 4.The body is capable of catabolizing many substances as sources of energy. which of the followin would be used as an energy source only after the depletion of other sources?
- A.
Glycogen in muscle cells
- B.
Protein in muscle cells
- C.
Calcium phosphate in bone
- D.
Fat in adipose tissue
- E.
Glucose in the blood
- 5.Which feature of osmoregulation is found in both marine and freshwater bony fish?
- A.
Gain of water through food
- B.
No drinking of water
- C.
Loss of water in the urine
- D.
Gain of salt through gills
- E.
Loss of water though gills
- 6.Same nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of certain humans because
- A.
They are necessary coenzymes
- B.
Only those animals use the nutrients
- C.
Only some foods contain them
- D.
They are subunits of important polymers
- E.
They cannot be manufactured by the organism
- 7.The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be_________with its__________environment
- A.
Hyperosmotic, saltwater
- B.
Hyperosmotic, freshwater
- C.
Isoosmotic, saltwater
- D.
Isotonic, freshwater
- E.
Hypoosmotic, saltwater
- 8.Which cells and which signaling molecules are responsible for initiating an inflammatory response?
- A.
Lymphocytes: interferons
- B.
Phagocytes: chemokines
- C.
Mast cells: histamines
- D.
Phagocytes: lysozomes
- E.
Dendritic cells: interferons
- 9.A marine sea star was mistakenly placed in freshwater and it died. what is the most likely explanation for its death?
- A.
The sea star was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to new conditions
- B.
The contractible vacuoles used to regulate water content ruptured in the freshwater
- C.
The osmoregulatory system of the sea star could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the freshwater
- D.
The sea star is hyperosmotic to the freshwater, and it could not osmoregulate
- E.
The cells of the sea star dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize
- 10.The blood level of which gas is most important to controling human respiration rate?
- A.
Nitrogen
- B.
Carbon dioxide
- C.
Carbon monoxide
- D.
Nitric acid
- E.
Oxygen
- 11.What is the substrate of salivary amylase?
- A.
Starch
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Sucrose
- D.
Maltose
- E.
Protein
- 12.Organisms in which a circulating body fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have which of the following?
- A.
Hemolymph
- B.
A closed circulatory system
- C.
Branched trachea
- D.
A gastrovascular cavity
- E.
An open circulatory system
- 13.Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that act in a manner similar to those of insects. while not specific to a particular pathogen, a TLR can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens. which of the following is most likely to be recognized by a particular TLR that defends against some viruses?
- A.
Lipopolysaccharides
- B.
Phospholipids
- C.
Double-stranded DNA
- D.
Double stranded RNA
- E.
Glycoproteins
- 14.Inflammatory responses may include which of the following?
- A.
Release of substances to decrease the blood supply to the inflamed area
- B.
Increased activity of phagocytes in the inflamed area
- C.
Inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrow
- D.
Reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma
- E.
Clotting proteins migrating away from the site of infection
- 15.To adjust blood pressure independently in capillaries of the gas exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)
- A.
Lymphatic system
- B.
Four-chambered heart
- C.
Open circulatory system
- D.
Hemocoel
- E.
Two-chambered heart
- 16.Without functioning parietal cells, which of the following would you expect for an individual?
- A.
Only to be able to digest fat in the stomach
- B.
Only to be able to initiate digestion in the small intestine
- C.
Not to be able to initiate protein digestion in the stomach
- D.
Not to be able to produce pepsinogen
- E.
Not to be able to initiate mechanical digestion in the stomach
- 17.If a newborn were accidentally given a drug that destroyed the thymus, what would most likely happen?
- A.
His humoral immunity would be missing
- B.
His B cells would be reduced in number and antibodies would not form
- C.
Genetic rearrangement of antigen receptors would not occur
- D.
His cells would lack class I MHC molecules on their surface
- E.
His T cells would not mature and differentiate appropraitely
- 18.Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because
- A.
The rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume
- B.
Pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs
- C.
Gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure
- D.
Pressure in the alveoli increases
- E.
A positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm reaxes
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