Anatomy & Physiology Quiz- (Respiratory, Renal, & Reproduction)

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  • 1/190 Questions

    The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

    • Renal sinus.
    • Renal pelvis.
    • Renal calyx.
    • Renal hilum.
    • Renal corpuscle.
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Anatomy & Physiology Quiz- (Respiratory, Renal, & Reproduction) - Quiz
About This Quiz

This quiz focuses on key aspects of the respiratory and renal systems, exploring principles like Boyle's law, pulmonary ventilation, and gas pressures. It assesses understanding of physiological processes critical for maintaining human health, suitable for students and professionals in medical fields.

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  • 2. 

    Major calyces are

    • Large tributaries of the renal pelvis.

    • Expanded ends of nephrons.

    • Basic functional layers of the kidney.

    • Conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

    • The expanded ends of renal pyramids.

    Correct Answer
    A. Large tributaries of the renal pelvis.
    Explanation
    Major calyces are large tributaries of the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is the central collecting region in the kidney where urine is collected before it is transported to the bladder. The major calyces are large branches that receive urine from the minor calyces, which in turn receive urine from the renal pyramids. Therefore, major calyces can be described as large tributaries of the renal pelvis because they play a crucial role in the drainage of urine from the kidney.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following muscles might be recruited to increase inspired volume?

    • Sternocleidomastoid

    • Pectoralis minor

    • Scalenes

    • Serratus anterior

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the muscles listed (sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor, scalenes, and serratus anterior) can be recruited to increase inspired volume. These muscles are involved in the process of inhalation and help to expand the chest cavity, allowing for a greater intake of air into the lungs. The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to lift the ribcage, the pectoralis minor muscles elevate the ribs, the scalenes assist in elevating the first and second ribs, and the serratus anterior muscles help to stabilize the scapulae, allowing for better expansion of the thoracic cavity.

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  • 4. 

    Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle(s).

    • Scalene

    • Diaphragm

    • Internal intercostal

    • External intercostal

    • Serratus anterior

    Correct Answer
    A. Internal intercostal
    Explanation
    Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the internal intercostal muscles. These muscles are located between the ribs and play a role in the process of forced expiration. When they contract, they pull the ribs downward and inward, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to be expelled from the lungs. The other muscles listed, such as the scalene, diaphragm, external intercostal, and serratus anterior, are involved in other aspects of breathing but not specifically in expiratory movements.

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  • 5. 

    Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

    • Dissolved in plasma.

    • Bound to hemoglobin.

    • In ionic form as solute in the plasma.

    • Bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.

    • Carried by white blood cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. Bound to hemoglobin.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "bound to hemoglobin." Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that has a high affinity for oxygen. When oxygen enters the lungs, it binds to hemoglobin and forms oxyhemoglobin, which is then transported through the bloodstream to the body's tissues. This is the primary mechanism by which oxygen is transported in the blood.

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  • 6. 

    Asthma is

    • A collapsed lung.

    • An acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.

    • An obstructive tumor.

    • Characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.

    • Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. An acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.
    Explanation
    Asthma is an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways. This means that when a person with asthma is exposed to certain triggers such as allergens or irritants, their airways become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult for air to pass through. This can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. It is not a collapsed lung, obstructive tumor, or caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, it is not characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.

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  • 7. 

    The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of

    • Arteries.

    • Veins.

    • Venules.

    • Capillaries.

    • Arterioles.

    Correct Answer
    A. Capillaries.
    Explanation
    The glomeruli are small clusters of capillaries found in the kidneys. These capillaries are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood to form urine. They have a unique structure that allows for efficient filtration, with a high surface area and thin walls. The other options, such as arteries, veins, venules, and arterioles, are not accurate descriptions of the glomeruli.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)?

    • Relies on countercurrent multiplication

    • Creates high interstitial NaCl concentration in the renal medulla

    • Enables production of hypertonic urine

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The term nephron loop, also known as the loop of Henle, is a crucial part of the kidney's filtration process. It relies on countercurrent multiplication, which helps in the reabsorption of water and solutes. This loop also plays a role in creating a high interstitial NaCl concentration in the renal medulla. By establishing a concentration gradient, the nephron loop enables the production of hypertonic urine, which is essential for maintaining water balance in the body. Therefore, all of the given descriptions accurately match the term nephron loop.

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  • 9. 

    During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle

    • The fertilized ovum implants.

    • Progesterone levels are high.

    • Endometrial glands enlarge.

    • The corpus luteum is formed.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, multiple changes occur in preparation for pregnancy. The fertilized ovum implants into the endometrium, which is facilitated by high levels of progesterone. Additionally, the endometrial glands enlarge to provide nourishment for the developing embryo. The corpus luteum, formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation, continues to produce progesterone to support the pregnancy. Therefore, all of the above statements are correct explanations for the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.

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  • 10. 

    Nurse cells

    • Are found in the seminiferous tubules.

    • Form the blood-testis barrier.

    • Coordinate spermatogenesis.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Nurse cells are found in the seminiferous tubules, where they form the blood-testis barrier and coordinate spermatogenesis. These cells play a crucial role in supporting the development and maturation of sperm cells. They provide nutrients and growth factors to the developing sperm cells, regulate the environment within the seminiferous tubules, and protect the developing sperm cells from harmful substances in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

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  • 11. 

    Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

    • Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

    • Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

    • Equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.

    • Greater than intraalveolar pressure.

    • Less than intrapulmonic pressure.

    Correct Answer
    A. Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
    Explanation
    When the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere, air moves out of the lungs. This is because air flows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. When the pressure inside the lungs is higher than the pressure in the atmosphere, the air in the lungs will be pushed out, allowing for exhalation.

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  • 12. 

    Henry's law states that

    • Gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

    • Gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.

    • The volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.

    • In a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

    • Gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.

    Correct Answer
    A. The volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.
    Explanation
    Henry's law states that the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas. This means that as the partial pressure of a gas increases, more of that gas will dissolve in the solvent. Conversely, as the partial pressure decreases, less gas will dissolve. This relationship is important in various processes, such as gas solubility in liquids, gas exchange in biological systems, and the behavior of gases in solution.

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  • 13. 

    Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except .

    • Urea.

    • Proteins.

    • Amino acids.

    • Creatine.

    • Hydrogen ions.

    Correct Answer
    A. Proteins.
    Explanation
    Urine is primarily composed of water, urea, and various dissolved substances. Urea is a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins, and it is excreted through urine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and can be found in urine. Creatine is a waste product of muscle metabolism and is also excreted in urine. Hydrogen ions are a component of the body's acid-base balance and can be excreted in urine. However, proteins are not normally found in urine, as they are too large to pass through the filtration process in the kidneys.

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  • 14. 

    The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

    • 35 mm Hg.

    • 45 mm Hg.

    • 55 mm Hg.

    • 70 mm Hg.

    • 100 mm Hg.

    Correct Answer
    A. 45 mm Hg.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 45 mm Hg. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately 45 mm Hg. This value represents the amount of carbon dioxide present in the tissue fluid surrounding the cells in peripheral tissues. It is important for maintaining the balance of gases in the body and facilitating the exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues.

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  • 15. 

    In emphysema, which of these occur?

    • Alveoli collapse

    • Compliance increases

    • Elevated PCO2 in the blood

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    In emphysema, the walls of the alveoli in the lungs become damaged and lose their elasticity. This leads to the collapse of the alveoli, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. Additionally, the damage to the alveoli causes a decrease in lung compliance, which is the ability of the lungs to expand and contract. This results in difficulty in breathing. Lastly, the impaired gas exchange in emphysema leads to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, causing an elevated PCO2 level. Therefore, all of the given options occur in emphysema.

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  • 16. 

    The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

    • Oxygen.

    • Carbon dioxide.

    • Bicarbonate ion.

    • Sodium ion.

    • Hemoglobin.

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon dioxide.
    Explanation
    Carbon dioxide is the most important chemical regulator of respiration because it plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance in the body. When carbon dioxide levels increase, it reacts with water in the blood to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH. This change in pH is detected by chemoreceptors in the brain, which then stimulate an increase in respiration rate to remove excess carbon dioxide from the body. Therefore, carbon dioxide acts as a powerful regulator of respiration and helps maintain homeostasis in the body.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

    • Releases renin

    • Creates high interstitial NaCl concentration

    • Final urine enters here

    • Initial filtrate enters here

    • Tip of the medullary pyramid

    Correct Answer
    A. Final urine enters here
    Explanation
    The term calyx refers to the structure in the kidney where the final urine enters.

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  • 18. 
    Identify the structure labeled "10." - ProProfs

    Identify the structure labeled "10."

    • Renal pelvis

    • Minor calyx

    • Ureter

    • Major calyx

    • Renal column

    Correct Answer
    A. Ureter
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "10." in this question is the ureter. The ureter is a tube that connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder, allowing urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder. It is responsible for transporting urine that has been formed in the kidneys to be stored in the bladder until it is expelled from the body.

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  • 19. 

    The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

    • Nephron loop (loop of Henle).

    • Proximal convoluted tubule.

    • Distal convoluted tubule.

    • Collecting loop.

    • Minor calyx.

    Correct Answer
    A. Nephron loop (loop of Henle).
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the nephron loop (loop of Henle). The nephron loop is a U-shaped segment of the nephron that plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water and ions from the filtrate. It consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb, each with different permeabilities to water and solutes. The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney, which is important for the reabsorption of water and the production of concentrated urine.

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  • 20. 

    The process of filtration is driven by

    • Active transport.

    • Blood osmotic pressure.

    • Blood hydrostatic pressure.

    • Renal pumping.

    • Solvent drag.

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood hydrostatic pressure.
    Explanation
    Filtration is the process by which substances are separated based on their size and charge. In the case of the kidneys, filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is forced through the capillary walls into the Bowman's capsule. This process is driven by blood hydrostatic pressure, which is the force exerted by the blood pushing against the capillary walls. This pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure, which helps to filter out waste products and excess water from the blood. Active transport, renal pumping, and solvent drag are not directly involved in the process of filtration.

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  • 21. 

    The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves

    • The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

    • Aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells.

    • A high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts.

    • A properly functioning nephron loop (loop of Henle).

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above". This means that all of the listed mechanisms are involved in the production of concentrated urine. The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) plays a role in increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Aquaporins, which are water channels, are inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells, allowing for increased water reabsorption. The high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid surrounding the collecting ducts creates an osmotic gradient that helps in concentrating the urine. Lastly, a properly functioning nephron loop (loop of Henle) is essential for establishing the osmotic gradient and facilitating the reabsorption of water and solutes.

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  • 22. 

    The reproductive system includes

    • Gonads and external genitalia.

    • Ducts that receive and transport the gametes.

    • Accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above". The reproductive system includes gonads and external genitalia, which are responsible for producing and delivering gametes. It also includes ducts that receive and transport the gametes, ensuring their movement to the appropriate location for fertilization. Additionally, the reproductive system consists of accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids, such as semen, to support the survival and mobility of the gametes. Therefore, all of these components are part of the reproductive system.

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  • 23. 

    A male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a daily basis. After 3 weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe?

    • Increased sex drive

    • Decreased levels of GnRH

    • Decreased levels of LH and FSH

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    When a male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone, it can lead to several effects. Testosterone is a male sex hormone that can increase sex drive, so it is expected that the individual would experience an increased sex drive. Additionally, the introduction of exogenous testosterone can disrupt the normal feedback loop in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This disruption can lead to decreased levels of GnRH, which is the hormone responsible for stimulating the release of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) from the pituitary gland. Therefore, it is also expected that the individual would have decreased levels of LH and FSH. Hence, all of the above effects would be observed.

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  • 24. 

    Which is the function of the ovaries?

    • Secretion of hormones

    • Production of oocytes

    • Formation of immature gametes

    • Secretion of inhibin

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The ovaries have multiple functions. They secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are important for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy. The ovaries also produce oocytes, or eggs, which are necessary for reproduction. Additionally, the ovaries are involved in the formation of immature gametes, which are the precursor cells for eggs. Lastly, the ovaries secrete inhibin, a hormone that helps regulate the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the pituitary gland. Therefore, all of the given options are correct functions of the ovaries.

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  • 25. 

    After ovulation, the ovary secretes

    • Luteinizing hormone.

    • Estrogen.

    • Progesterone.

    • Both estrogen and progesterone.

    • Luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both estrogen and progesterone.
    Explanation
    After ovulation, the ovary secretes both estrogen and progesterone. This is because after the release of the egg from the ovary, the remaining follicle transforms into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum then produces and releases estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are essential for preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining and maintaining it. If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues to produce estrogen and progesterone to support the pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum breaks down, hormone levels decrease, and the menstrual cycle begins again.

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  • 26. 

    Boyle's law states that gas volume is

    • Directly proportional to pressure.

    • Directly proportional to temperature.

    • Inversely proportional to pressure.

    • Inversely proportional to temperature.

    • Both directly proportional to pressure and directly proportional to temperature.

    Correct Answer
    A. Inversely proportional to pressure.
    Explanation
    Boyle's law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa. This relationship holds true as long as the temperature and amount of gas remain constant. This law is derived from the observation that as the pressure on a gas increases, the gas molecules are pushed closer together, resulting in a decrease in volume. Conversely, as the pressure decreases, the gas molecules have more space to move around, leading to an increase in volume.

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  • 27. 

    If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's

    • Tidal volume.

    • Inspiratory reserve volume

    • Expiratory reserve volume

    • Reserve volume.

    • Vital capacity.

    Correct Answer
    A. Vital capacity.
    Explanation
    When a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled is known as the vital capacity. This is because the vital capacity represents the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation. It is a measure of the overall lung function and is used to assess respiratory health. The tidal volume refers to the normal amount of air inhaled and exhaled during regular breathing, while the inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and reserve volume are different components of the total lung capacity.

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  • 28. 

    A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

    • Decrease the rate of breathing.

    • Increase the rate of breathing.

    • Decrease pulmonary ventilation

    • Decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.

    • Decrease the vital capacity.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase the rate of breathing.
    Explanation
    An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood triggers a response from the respiratory system to increase the rate of breathing. This is because carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be eliminated from the body. When the carbon dioxide levels rise, the body increases the rate of breathing to remove it and bring in more oxygen. Therefore, an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood will lead to an increase in the rate of breathing.

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  • 29. 

    What is the function of gonads?

    • Produce gametes

    • Transport gametes

    • Produce hormones

    • Produce gametes and produce hormones

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Produce gametes and produce hormones
    Explanation
    The gonads are responsible for producing both gametes (reproductive cells) and hormones. Gametes are necessary for sexual reproduction, and hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body. Therefore, the function of gonads includes both gamete production and hormone production.

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  • 30. 

    The spermatic cord is

    • A bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.

    • A narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity.

    • The external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum.

    • A layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac.

    • A dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis.

    Correct Answer
    A. A bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.
    Explanation
    The spermatic cord is a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. This bundle of tissue is responsible for connecting the testis to the rest of the reproductive system and providing it with the necessary blood supply, nerve innervation, and lymphatic drainage. It plays a crucial role in the transportation of sperm and other fluids to and from the testis.

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  • 31. 
    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "3." - ProProfs

    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "3."

    • Corpora cavernosa

    • Prostatic urethra

    • Corpus spongiosum

    • Penile urethra

    • Ejaculatory duct

    Correct Answer
    A. Penile urethra
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "3" in Figure 25-1 is the penile urethra.

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  • 32. 

    Spermatozoa are functionally matured within the

    • Epididymis.

    • Ductus deferens.

    • Rete testes.

    • Seminiferous tubules.

    • Seminal gland (seminal vesicle).

    Correct Answer
    A. Epididymis.
    Explanation
    Spermatozoa are functionally matured within the epididymis. The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle, where sperm cells are stored and undergo maturation. It provides the ideal environment for sperm to develop the ability to swim and fertilize an egg. The ductus deferens, rete testes, seminal tubules, and seminal gland are all involved in the production, transportation, or storage of sperm, but it is within the epididymis where they reach their functional maturity.

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  • 33. 

    The average length of the uterine cycle is

    • 16 days.

    • 19 days.

    • 21 days.

    • 28 days.

    • 35 days.

    Correct Answer
    A. 28 days.
    Explanation
    The average length of the uterine cycle is 28 days. This is because the uterine cycle, also known as the menstrual cycle, typically lasts for 28 days in most women. The cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and ends on the day before the next period starts. During this time, the uterus prepares for pregnancy by thickening its lining, and if pregnancy does not occur, the lining is shed during menstruation. While the length of the uterine cycle can vary slightly from woman to woman, 28 days is considered the average duration.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is true?

    • The first occurrence is termed menarche

    • It is ultimately controlled by GnRH

    • It is skipped in pregnancy

    • It often involves painful myometrial contraction

    • All are true

    Correct Answer
    A. All are true
    Explanation
    The uterine cycle refers to the series of changes that occur in the uterus during the menstrual cycle. Menarche is the term used to describe the first occurrence of menstruation, which is a part of the uterine cycle. The uterine cycle is ultimately controlled by GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), which is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of other hormones involved in the cycle. The uterine cycle is indeed skipped during pregnancy, as the uterus is already prepared for implantation and does not shed its lining. Additionally, the uterine cycle often involves painful myometrial contractions, known as menstrual cramps. Therefore, all of the statements about the uterine cycle are true.

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  • 35. 
    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: What is produced by the structure labeled "7"? - ProProfs

    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: What is produced by the structure labeled "7"?

    • Seminal fluids

    • Spermatozoa

    • Testosterone

    • FSH

    • Both spermatozoa and testosterone

    Correct Answer
    A. Both spermatozoa and testosterone
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "7" in Figure 25-1 produces both spermatozoa and testosterone.

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  • 36. 
    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "11." - ProProfs

    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "11."

    • Bulbourethral gland

    • Prostate gland

    • Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

    • Epididymis

    • Ductus deferens

    Correct Answer
    A. Prostate gland
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "11." in Figure 25-1 is the prostate gland.

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  • 37. 

    A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will

    • Not develop secondary sex characteristics.

    • Be sterile.

    • Be impotent.

    • Have impaired function of the interstitial cells.

    • Produce large amounts of inhibin.

    Correct Answer
    A. Be sterile.
    Explanation
    The absence of FSH, a hormone necessary for the development and maturation of sperm, suggests that the boy will be unable to produce viable sperm. This condition, known as azoospermia, leads to sterility as the boy will not be able to father children. The presence of normal LH does not compensate for the lack of FSH in this context. Therefore, the most likely outcome for the boy is sterility rather than the other options mentioned.

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  • 38. 

    When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

    • They are equal.

    • Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.

    • Atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.

    • Atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.

    • Intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

    Correct Answer
    A. They are equal.
    Explanation
    When there is no air movement, the intrapulmonary pressure (pressure inside the lungs) is equal to the atmospheric pressure (pressure outside the body). This means that there is no pressure difference between the inside and outside of the lungs, allowing for a state of equilibrium. This is important for normal breathing, as it allows for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere.

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  • 39. 

    Dalton's law states that

    • Gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

    • Gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.

    • The volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

    • In a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

    • Gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.

    Correct Answer
    A. In a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
    Explanation
    Dalton's law states that in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. This means that each gas in the mixture exerts its own pressure independent of the other gases present. The total pressure is equal to the sum of these individual pressures. This principle is important in understanding gas behavior and is used in various applications, such as in the study of atmospheric pressure and gas mixtures in industrial processes.

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  • 40. 
    Identify the structure labeled "9." - ProProfs

    Identify the structure labeled "9."

    • Renal pelvis

    • Minor calyx

    • Ureter

    • Major calyx

    • Renal column

    Correct Answer
    A. Renal pelvis
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "9." in the given options is the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure located in the kidney. It is the central collecting region that receives urine from the minor calyces and transports it to the ureter for elimination from the body.

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  • 41. 
    Identify the structure labeled "5." - ProProfs

    Identify the structure labeled "5."

    • Renal sinus

    • Fibrous capsule

    • Renal pyramid

    • Renal papilla

    • Renal column

    Correct Answer
    A. Renal pyramid
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "5." is the renal pyramid. The renal pyramid is a cone-shaped structure in the kidney that contains the nephrons, which are responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine. It is located within the renal medulla and is surrounded by renal columns. The renal pyramid plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.

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  • 42. 

    The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

    • Filtration.

    • Reabsorbing nutrients.

    • Secretion of acids and ammonia.

    • Secretion of drugs.

    • Adjusting the urine volume.

    Correct Answer
    A. Reabsorbing nutrients.
    Explanation
    The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is to reabsorb nutrients. This tubule is responsible for reabsorbing important substances such as glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. This reabsorption ensures that these essential nutrients are not lost in the urine and are instead returned to the body for proper functioning.

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  • 43. 

    Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

    • Hydrogen.

    • Penicillin.

    • Creatinine.

    • Potassium ions.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for the secretion of various substances, including hydrogen, penicillin, creatinine, and potassium ions. These substances are actively transported from the blood into the tubule, helping to regulate the body's pH balance, eliminate waste products, and maintain electrolyte balance. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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  • 44. 
    Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH? - ProProfs

    Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH?

    • 1

    • 3

    • 4

    • 5 and 6

    • 4, 5, and 6

    Correct Answer
    A. 5 and 6
    Explanation
    Areas 5 and 6 are sensitive to the hormone ADH.

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  • 45. 

    Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except

    • Active transport.

    • Facilitated diffusion.

    • Secondary active transport.

    • Osmosis.

    • Stem cell movements.

    Correct Answer
    A. Stem cell movements.
    Explanation
    Tubular reabsorption is a process in the kidneys where substances such as water, glucose, and ions are reabsorbed from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. This process involves various mechanisms, including active transport, facilitated diffusion, secondary active transport, and osmosis. However, stem cell movements are not directly involved in tubular reabsorption. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types, but they do not play a role in the reabsorption of substances in the renal tubules.

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  • 46. 

    A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

    • Excessive ADH secretion.

    • Absence of ADH.

    • Hematuric oliguria.

    • Overproduction of aldosterone.

    • Dilation of the afferent arterioles.

    Correct Answer
    A. Absence of ADH.
    Explanation
    A patient excreting a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis suggests a condition called diabetes insipidus, which is caused by the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is responsible for regulating the reabsorption of water in the kidneys, and its absence leads to decreased water reabsorption, resulting in the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. Excessive ADH secretion would have the opposite effect, causing decreased urine output. Hematuric oliguria refers to low urine output due to blood in the urine, which is not relevant to the given symptoms. Overproduction of aldosterone and dilation of the afferent arterioles are also unrelated to the symptoms described.

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  • 47. 
    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "10." - ProProfs

    Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "10."

    • Testis

    • Prostate gland

    • Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

    • Epididymis

    • Ductus deferens

    Correct Answer
    A. Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
    Explanation
    The structure labeled "10" in Figure 25-1 is the seminal gland (seminal vesicle). This can be determined by comparing the labeled structures in the figure with the given options and identifying the corresponding structure.

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  • 48. 

    Emission and ejaculation

    • Occurs under sympathetic stimulation.

    • Begins with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla.

    • Is responsible for propelling semen into the female reproductive tract.

    • Involves contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above." Emission and ejaculation occur under sympathetic stimulation, which triggers the peristaltic contractions of the ampulla. These contractions help propel semen into the female reproductive tract. Additionally, contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle are involved in the process. Therefore, all of these statements are true and contribute to the overall process of emission and ejaculation.

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  • 49. 
    Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3 - ProProfs

    Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3

    • P outside = P inside

    • P outside > P inside

    • P outside < P inside

    • P outside + P inside

    • P outside - P inside

    Correct Answer
    A. P outside > P inside

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 18, 2015
    Quiz Created by
    Aevora07

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