A General Quiz On Naturally Occuring Fluids

48 Questions | By Atalina7 | Updated: Mar 16, 2022 | Attempts: 555

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A General Quiz On Naturally Occuring Fluids - Quiz

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1.

Most bosy water comes from ________, whereas most body water is lost via _____.
- A.
  
  Metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
- B.
  
  Metabolic water; sweat
- C.
  
  Drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
- D.
  
  Drinking; urine
- E.
  
  Drinking; radiation
2.

In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
3.

A weak base
- A.
  
  Binds little OH- and has a weak effect on pH
- B.
  
  Binds lots of OH- and has strong effect on pH
- C.
  
  Binds little H+ and has weak effect on pH
- D.
  
  Resists changes in OH-
- E.
  
  Lowers pH
4.

A renal calculus can be up to 2 cm wide, but even then, it would not obstruct
- A.
  
  The major calyx
- B.
  
  The ureter
- C.
  
  The urethra
- D.
  
  The urinary bladder
- E.
  
  The renal pelvis
5.

Calcium concentration is regulated by
- A.
  
  Hormones
- B.
  
  Sodium and calcium concentration in plasma
- C.
  
  Chloride and phosphate concentration in plasma
- D.
  
  The parasympathetic nervous system
- E.
  
  The sympathetic nervous system
6.

Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of AVP, thereby reducing reabsorption bu the collecting duct.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
7.

Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with
- A.
  
  Cooling of the mouth
- B.
  
  Distention of the stomach by ingested water
- C.
  
  A drop in blood osmolarity
- D.
  
  Moistening of the mouth
- E.
  
  Increased salivation
8.

PCTs are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except
- A.
  
  Potassium
- B.
  
  Sodium chloride
- C.
  
  Hydrogen ions
- D.
  
  Urea
- E.
  
  Water
9.

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in
- A.
  
  Reabsorption of all the solute
- B.
  
  A renal clearance of zero
- C.
  
  A net filtration pressure of 1.0
- D.
  
  Appearance of that solute in urine
- E.
  
  Absence of that solute in the urine
10.

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormones?
- A.
  
  Decreased urine volume
- B.
  
  Decreased urine molarity
- C.
  
  Increased urine volume
- D.
  
  Increased urine salinity
- E.
  
  Increased urine acidity
11.

Water output is significantly controlled through variation in
- A.
  
  Metabolic water
- B.
  
  Sweating
- C.
  
  Cutaneous transpiration
- D.
  
  Drinking
- E.
  
  Urine volume
12.

Hypocalcemia stimulates
- A.
  
  A decrease in adosterone production
- B.
  
  Secretion of parathyroid hormone
- C.
  
  Secretion of renin
- D.
  
  An increase in blood urea nitrogen
- E.
  
  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
13.

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
- A.
  
  Glomerulus
- B.
  
  Proximal convoluted tubule
- C.
  
  Distal convoluted tubule
- D.
  
  Collecting duct
- E.
  
  Nephron loop
14.

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
- A.
  
  The body's water volume is high
- B.
  
  The body's pH is low
- C.
  
  The output of antidiuretic hormone is high
- D.
  
  The output of natriuretic peptides is high
- E.
  
  A person is lost and deprived of drinking water
15.

Diabetes is any metabolic disorder resulting in chronic polyuria.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
16.

Omosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by
- A.
  
  The temperature difference between compartments
- B.
  
  The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
- C.
  
  The relative volume in each compartment
- D.
  
  The relative size of each compartment
- E.
  
  Blood pressure
17.

Which are primarily responsible for maintaing the salinity gradient if the renal medulla?
- A.
  
  Cortical nephrons
- B.
  
  Juxtamedullary nephrons
- C.
  
  Collecting ducts
- D.
  
  Proximal convoluted tubules
- E.
  
  Distal convoluted tubules
18.

In the nephron, the fluid that immediately preceds urine is known as
- A.
  
  Plasma
- B.
  
  Glomerular filtrate
- C.
  
  Tubular fluid
- D.
  
  Renal filtrate
- E.
  
  Medullary filtrate
19.

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
- A.
  
  Baroreceptors
- B.
  
  Proprioceptors
- C.
  
  Nociceptors
- D.
  
  Osmoreceptors
- E.
  
  Mecchanoreceptors
20.

Hypernatremia is a plasma _____ concentration above normal
- A.
  
  Ca2+
- B.
  
  Na+
- C.
  
  K+
- D.
  
  Cl-
- E.
  
  P
21.

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the
- A.
  
  Glomerulus
- B.
  
  Medulla
- C.
  
  Cortical radiate veins
- D.
  
  Peritubular capillaries
- E.
  
  Vasa recta
22.

The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other base system
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
23.

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
24.

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH inbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
25.

WHich of the following does not contribute to water conservation
- A.
  
  The collecting duct
- B.
  
  The countercurrent multiplier
- C.
  
  The countercurrent exchange system
- D.
  
  Diuretics
- E.
  
  The length of the nephrons