Bi140 Chapter 1: An Introduction To Cell Biology
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Cell and molecular biology is _____; that is, it is based on the view that knowledge of the parts of the whole can explain the character of the whole.
Explanation
Cell and molecular biology is reductionist, meaning it follows the belief that understanding the individual components of a system can provide an explanation for the overall behavior and characteristics of the system as a whole. This approach focuses on breaking down complex biological processes into simpler, more manageable parts to gain a better understanding of how they function and interact. By studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms, researchers can elucidate the underlying principles that govern biological systems.Rate this question:
- 2.
Because of their small size, cells can only be observed with the aid of a _____, an instrument that provides a magnified image of a tiny object.
Explanation
Cells are extremely small and cannot be observed with the naked eye. Therefore, a microscope is needed to magnify the image of a tiny object like a cell in order to make it visible to the human eye. A microscope uses lenses and light to magnify and focus the image, allowing scientists to study the structure and function of cells in detail.Rate this question:
- 3.
The remarkable activity of curved-glass surfaces to bend light and form images was discovered around 20 AD.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The date is unknown. haha!Rate this question:
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- 4.
The discovery of cells is generally credited to _____.
Correct Answer
Robert HookeExplanation
Robert Hooke is generally credited with the discovery of cells. In 1665, he observed thin slices of cork under a microscope and described the small compartments he saw as "cells" due to their resemblance to the small rooms in a monastery. This observation marked the first recognition of cells as the basic unit of life. Hooke's discovery laid the foundation for the field of cell biology and revolutionized our understanding of the structure and function of living organisms.Rate this question:
- 5.
What is the pre-event that lead to Robert Hooke's discovery of cells?
- A.
Everything was serendipitous, it was by chance that he discovered cells.
- B.
The odd appearance of the cork made him curious about it
- C.
His curiosity how the cork perfectly fit in the cover to stop the air from effusing
- D.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek sent a letter to him about what he had observed prior.
Correct Answer
C. His curiosity how the cork perfectly fit in the cover to stop the air from effusingExplanation
Robert Hooke's curiosity about how the cork perfectly fit in the cover to stop the air from effusing led to his discovery of cells. This curiosity prompted him to examine the cork under a microscope, where he observed small compartments that he called cells. This observation revolutionized the understanding of the structure of living organisms and laid the foundation for the field of cell biology.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Who concluded that plants were made up of cells?
Correct Answer
Matthias SchleidenExplanation
Matthias Schleiden concluded that plants were made up of cells. He was a German botanist who, along with Theodor Schwann, formulated the cell theory. This theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life. Schleiden studied plant tissues under a microscope and observed that they were composed of individual cells. His observations and conclusions played a significant role in the development of cell biology and our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of life.Rate this question:
- 7.
What are the 3 tennets of the cell theory?
- A.
Cells arise from spontaneous generation
- B.
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
- C.
The cell is the structural unit of life
- D.
Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
Correct Answer(s)
B. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
C. The cell is the structural unit of life
D. Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cellExplanation
The three tenets of the cell theory are: all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the structural unit of life, and cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell. These principles form the foundation of modern biology and our understanding of the fundamental unit of life, the cell. They reject the concept of spontaneous generation, which suggests that cells can arise from non-living matter. Instead, the cell theory supports the idea that all living organisms are made up of cells and that cells can only come from pre-existing cells through division.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Who concluded that all organisms are composed of one or more cells and that the cell is the structural unit of life?
Correct Answer(s)
Theodor SchwannExplanation
Theodor Schwann concluded that all organisms are composed of one or more cells and that the cell is the structural unit of life.Rate this question:
- 9.
Who concluded that cells can arise only from pre-existing cells?
Correct Answer(s)
Rudolf VirchowExplanation
Rudolf Virchow concluded that cells can arise only from pre-existing cells. This principle, known as biogenesis, contradicted the earlier belief of spontaneous generation. Virchow's conclusion was based on his observations and experiments, which provided evidence that cells divide and give rise to new cells, rather than appearing spontaneously. His work significantly contributed to the development of the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that cells are the basic units of life.Rate this question:
- 10.
What is the smallest unit of life?
Correct Answer(s)
cellExplanation
The smallest unit of life is a cell. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms and are responsible for carrying out essential functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism. They contain genetic material, have a cell membrane that separates them from the surrounding environment, and are capable of self-replication. Cells come in various shapes and sizes, but they all share the common characteristic of being the fundamental unit of life.Rate this question:
- 11.
The first human cells to be cultured was the HeLa cells, from whom were these cells gotten?
Correct Answer(s)
Henrietta LacksExplanation
The HeLa cells, the first human cells to be cultured, were obtained from Henrietta Lacks.Rate this question:
- 12.
What does it mean by in vitro?
- A.
Unnatural
- B.
Outside the womb of the mother
- C.
In culture
- D.
Inside the cell
Correct Answer
C. In cultureExplanation
The term "in vitro" refers to a process or experiment that is conducted outside of a living organism, typically in a laboratory setting. It involves studying biological phenomena in an artificial environment, such as a test tube or petri dish, rather than within a living organism. Therefore, the answer "in culture" accurately reflects the meaning of "in vitro" as it implies that the process is taking place outside of a natural biological system.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What are the 9 basic properties of cell?
- A.
Cells are Highly Complex and Organized
- B.
Cells Possess a Genetic Program and the Means to Use it
- C.
Cells need Organic Compounds to Generate Essential Macromolecules
- D.
Cells are dependent to Water, making up more than 70% of the cell
- E.
Cells are Capable of Producing More of Themselves
- F.
Cells Acquire and Utilize Energy
- G.
Cells Carry Out a Variety of Chemical Reactions
- H.
Cells Engage in Mechanical Activities
- I.
Cells Die very Fast and Regenerate very Fast to Make New Cells
- J.
Cells are Able to Respond to Stimuli
- K.
Cells Are Capable of Self-Regulation
- L.
Cells Evolve
Correct Answer(s)
A. Cells are Highly Complex and Organized
B. Cells Possess a Genetic Program and the Means to Use it
E. Cells are Capable of Producing More of Themselves
F. Cells Acquire and Utilize Energy
G. Cells Carry Out a Variety of Chemical Reactions
H. Cells Engage in Mechanical Activities
J. Cells are Able to Respond to Stimuli
K. Cells Are Capable of Self-Regulation
L. Cells EvolveExplanation
Cells have a high level of complexity and organization, as they contain various structures and organelles that perform specific functions. They possess a genetic program in the form of DNA, which allows them to carry out essential cellular processes. Cells are capable of self-replication, enabling them to produce more cells through processes like cell division. They acquire and utilize energy to maintain their metabolic activities. Cells also engage in a variety of chemical reactions, such as protein synthesis and cellular respiration. They can respond to stimuli from their environment and regulate their internal processes. Additionally, cells have the ability to evolve and adapt to changing conditions over time.Rate this question:
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- 14.
DNA duplication occurs with an error of less than two mistakes every ten million.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
...less than one mistakeRate this question:
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- 15.
Evolution has moved rather slowly at the levels of biological organization with which scientists are concerned.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement suggests that evolution, in terms of biological organization, has been a slow process according to scientists. This implies that significant changes in biological organisms have taken place over long periods of time rather than happening quickly.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Humans and cats have very different anatomical features and different cellular structures.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
...very similar cellular structuresRate this question:
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- 17.
The human genetic program contains enough information, if converted to words, to fill millions of pages of text.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The human genetic program, which is encoded in DNA, contains a vast amount of information. DNA is made up of nucleotides, and the sequence of these nucleotides determines the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. These instructions include everything from physical traits to susceptibility to diseases. Since DNA is made up of a long sequence of nucleotides, if this information were to be converted into words, it would indeed fill millions of pages of text. Therefore, the statement "The human genetic program contains enough information, if converted to words, to fill millions of pages of text" is true.Rate this question:
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