The major factor that pushed the Irish immigrant to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s was the great potato famine. This devastating event, also known as the Irish Potato Famine, was a severe failure of the potato crop, which was a staple food for the Irish population. The famine resulted in widespread hunger, poverty, and disease, leading to the death and displacement of millions of Irish people. With limited access to food and resources, many Irish immigrants sought better opportunities and a chance to survive by emigrating to the United States.

Stephen Douglas attempted to set up territorial government on the basis of popular sovereignty. This means that the residents of the territories would decide for themselves whether to allow or prohibit slavery through a popular vote. This approach was seen as a compromise between those who wanted to expand slavery and those who opposed it. It allowed for local self-determination while also maintaining the authority of the federal government. This concept was a key component of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which aimed to organize the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and determine their stance on slavery.

Dorothea Dix was the leader of the movement to reform asylums and prisons. She was a social reformer and advocate for the mentally ill. Dix traveled extensively, documenting the inhumane conditions in asylums and prisons and lobbying for change. Her efforts led to the establishment of mental hospitals and improved conditions for the incarcerated. Dix's work significantly influenced the development of mental health care in the United States, making her the correct answer for the question.

Henry Clay was the key organizer of the Compromise of 1850. He was a prominent American statesman and senator who played a crucial role in negotiating and drafting the compromise. Clay's proposal aimed to address the contentious issues surrounding slavery and territorial expansion, including the admission of California as a free state and the implementation of the Fugitive Slave Act. His leadership and negotiation skills were instrumental in bringing together conflicting interests and reaching a compromise that temporarily eased tensions between the North and the South.

The United States expected the Mexican War to be of a relatively short duration because they believed that their superior military strength would quickly overpower Mexico. They likely anticipated that Mexico would surrender or be defeated within a short period of time, leading to a swift resolution of the conflict.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 settled a boundary dispute between the U.S. and Canada over Maine and New Brunswick.

The factory system was characterized by a supervised work force, the use of interchangeable parts, the workforce being located in one place, and the payment of cash wages. However, each product being produced by one worker was not an essential feature of the factory system. In fact, one of the key innovations of the factory system was the division of labor, where tasks were broken down into smaller, specialized tasks that could be performed by different workers. This allowed for increased efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing process.

The Social Darwinists believed that the laws of nature, specifically the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest, applied to society. They argued that competition and struggle for existence were natural and necessary for societal progress. This belief had a significant impact on American society as it justified social inequality and the laissez-faire economic system. The Social Darwinists also raised important questions about the conditions of society, highlighting the need for social reform. However, they did not necessarily stress society's responsibility to aid the poor, as they believed that helping the weak would interfere with natural selection. They were active reformers in the late nineteenth century, advocating for policies that aligned with their beliefs.

The rallying cry "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" referred to the desired territory of Oregon. This slogan was used during the 1844 presidential campaign by James K. Polk, who advocated for the United States to claim the entire Oregon Country up to the latitude line of 54°40′. This territory was disputed between the United States and Britain, and the slogan was a call for the U.S. to assert its claim forcefully. Eventually, a compromise was reached with Britain, and the border was set at the 49th parallel, which is the current boundary between the United States and Canada.

The correct answer is "did not achieve the aims of their families". This suggests that prisons and asylums did not fulfill the goals or expectations of the families of the individuals placed in these institutions. It implies that these institutions were not successful in rehabilitating or improving the behavior or mental health of the individuals, as desired by their families.

The transformation of the American economy in the 1840s and 1850s was primarily the result of the railroad. The railroad played a crucial role in revolutionizing transportation and connecting different regions of the country. It enabled faster and more efficient movement of goods, people, and ideas, leading to increased trade, economic growth, and industrialization. The railroad also stimulated the development of other industries such as coal, iron, and steel, and created new job opportunities. Overall, the railroad had a profound impact on the American economy during this period.

The northern antislavery Whigs opposed Tyler's plan for the annexation of Texas. This is because the Whigs were generally against the expansion of slavery and saw the annexation of Texas as a way to extend slavery into new territories. They believed that this would upset the balance of power between free and slave states and further entrench the institution of slavery in the United States. Therefore, they opposed Tyler's plan in order to prevent the spread of slavery.

Joseph F. Glidden is credited with inventing barbed wire. He developed the first practical design for barbed wire in 1873, which revolutionized the fencing industry. His design consisted of two strands of wire twisted together with barbs spaced at regular intervals. This invention played a significant role in the agricultural and ranching industries by providing a more efficient and effective way to enclose land and contain livestock.

The correct answer suggests that the Mormon community established in Utah was a model of a planned and efficient settlement. This implies that the community was well-organized and successful in establishing a functional and thriving settlement in the desert lands of Utah.

During the 1830s and 1840s, the majority of immigrants to the United States came from Western Europe. This can be attributed to several factors, such as economic opportunities and political instability in their home countries. Many Western Europeans sought better lives and job prospects in the United States, leading to a significant influx of immigrants during this period.

Transcendentalism, a philosophical movement in 19th-century America, emphasized the importance of intuition, individualism, and the connection between nature and the divine. It rejected societal norms and institutions, advocating for self-reliance and nonconformity. These ideas align closely with the principles of romanticism, which celebrated imagination, emotion, and the beauty of nature. Therefore, the correct answer is romanticism.

Jane Addams was indeed the founder of Hull House in Chicago. Hull House was a settlement house that aimed to provide social and educational services to the working-class residents of Chicago. It offered a wide range of programs and activities, including childcare, healthcare, and cultural events. Jane Addams played a crucial role in establishing Hull House and was a prominent figure in the Progressive Era. She advocated for social reform and was a strong advocate for women's rights and peace activism.

The Homestead Act of 1862 failed because the land allotments provided were not enough for farming arid land. This means that the land granted to settlers under the act was not suitable for agriculture due to its arid nature. As a result, settlers were unable to successfully cultivate crops and sustain themselves, leading to the failure of the act.

Vertical integration refers to a type of organization where a company owns and controls all aspects of the production process, starting from the acquisition of raw materials to the manufacturing of finished products. This allows the company to have complete control over the supply chain, ensuring efficiency, cost savings, and better coordination between different stages of production. By owning all elements of the production process, the company can eliminate the need for external suppliers or intermediaries, thereby reducing dependencies and potentially gaining a competitive advantage in the market.

By 1900, the United States had become a major world power. This can be inferred from the statement that the United States dominated the Western Hemisphere, indicating its influence and control over the region. Additionally, the statement implies that the United States was not an equal of the European powers, suggesting that it had surpassed them in terms of power and influence.

William Lloyd Garrison is the correct answer because he was one of the key founders of the radical anti-slavery movement in the United States. He was an abolitionist and a prominent advocate for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Garrison co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society and published a newspaper called "The Liberator" which played a significant role in spreading the abolitionist message. His dedication and activism made him a leading figure in the fight against slavery during the 19th century.

Female workers were regulated to traditional, "feminine" jobs. This means that they were expected to work in occupations that were traditionally associated with women, such as nursing, teaching, or domestic work. This suggests that there were societal expectations and norms that limited the types of jobs available to women, potentially limiting their opportunities for advancement and higher income.

The correct answer is to define boundaries for each tribe and sign treaties with them. This is because the initial government policy towards the Plains tribes aimed at establishing clear boundaries for each tribe and signing treaties with them. These treaties were intended to regulate the relationship between the tribes and the government, often involving the exchange of land for various forms of assistance, such as education and healthcare. This policy was implemented in an effort to control and manage the Native American population and their territories.

The correct answer is "Most consumers felt threatened by the new industrial goods." This option states that most consumers did not feel threatened by the new industrial goods, implying that they were not a consequence of the advent of advertising. The other options suggest that the national market was joined in all parts of the nation, Americans became consumers, American became aware of needs they didn't know they had before, and the demand for goods increased, all of which are consequences of advertising.

The principles on which the Knights of Labor were founded included ensuring all Americans received equal benefits from the system. This suggests that the Knights of Labor aimed to promote equality and fairness in the distribution of benefits, possibly in the context of labor rights and workers' welfare.

After the fraudulent election of 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes entered the White House as the president. This election was controversial and disputed, with allegations of voter fraud and manipulation. Hayes, a Republican candidate, eventually became the president through a compromise known as the Compromise of 1877. This compromise involved the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the acceptance of Hayes as president in exchange for various concessions. Thus, Hayes became the 19th president of the United States in 1877.

By the end of the 19th century, most immigrants arrived from southern and eastern Europe. This can be attributed to various factors such as economic opportunities, political instability, and religious persecution in their home countries. These immigrants sought better lives and opportunities in countries like the United States, which were experiencing industrialization and economic growth during that time. The influx of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe significantly contributed to the cultural diversity and population growth in the receiving countries.

W.E.B. Du Bois believed that educational advancement was the key to success. This can be inferred from his advocacy for equal education opportunities for African Americans and his emphasis on the importance of education in achieving social and economic progress. Du Bois argued that education would empower African Americans to challenge racial discrimination and achieve equality. His belief in the transformative power of education was a central tenet of his philosophy and activism.

During the "boom-and-bust" economy, rapid cycles of economic growth and decline were common. This was particularly true in the mining frontier, where the discovery of valuable minerals would lead to a sudden influx of miners and investors, causing a boom in the local economy. However, once the easily accessible minerals were depleted or the market demand decreased, the economy would experience a sharp decline, resulting in a bust. This pattern of economic instability was most commonly associated with the mining frontier.

During the Progressive period, music underwent significant changes and was strongly influenced by the African American experience. This influence can be seen in the rise of genres such as jazz and blues, which originated from African American communities and became popular across the United States. African American musicians and composers played a crucial role in shaping the sound and style of music during this period, infusing it with their unique cultural perspectives and musical traditions. This influence helped to diversify and enrich the musical landscape of the Progressive era.

The Republicans were successful in the election of 1860 because they were able to win decisively in the North. This is supported by historical evidence that shows Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won all the Northern states except for New Jersey. The Republicans had a strong base of support in the North, where the issue of slavery was not as prevalent as in the South. Their ability to secure a majority of electoral votes from the Northern states played a crucial role in their overall victory in the election.

Samuel Gompers is the correct answer because he was the leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and he focused on achieving practical and realistic goals for workers. Gompers believed in collective bargaining and securing better wages, working conditions, and benefits for AFL members. He advocated for workers' rights and prioritized the immediate needs and interests of the workers, making him a pragmatic leader in the labor movement.

Jacob Riis is the correct answer because he was the journalist who exposed the conditions of urban tenements in his book "How the Other Half Lives." Riis was a Danish-American social reformer and photographer who documented the harsh living conditions of the poor in New York City during the late 19th century. His work brought attention to the plight of the urban poor and helped to inspire social and housing reforms.

Eugene V. Debs is the correct answer because he gained national attention due to his involvement in the Pullman strike. Debs was a labor leader and socialist who co-founded the American Railway Union, which organized the strike in 1894. The strike, which began as a protest against wage cuts and poor working conditions by the Pullman Company, quickly escalated and spread across the country, leading to a nationwide railroad shutdown. Debs' leadership and the impact of the strike on the transportation industry brought him into the national spotlight.

Charles G. Finney appealed mainly to emotion in his sermons. This can be inferred from the fact that he was a prominent figure in the Second Great Awakening, a religious revival movement in the 19th century that emphasized emotional and personal religious experiences. Finney's preaching style focused on evoking strong emotions in his listeners, such as guilt, fear, and joy, in order to prompt them to seek salvation and conversion. His emphasis on emotional appeals was a departure from the traditional theological and doctrinal arguments that were common in sermons at the time.

In 1900, the native inhabitants of Hawaii received U.S. citizenship. This was due to the Organic Act of 1900, which established a territorial government for Hawaii and granted citizenship to the residents of the islands. This act was part of the United States' efforts to annex and integrate Hawaii as a territory.

Custer's Last Stand refers to the Battle of Little Bighorn, which took place in 1876. It is considered one of the greatest Native American victories over the United States Army because it resulted in the defeat and death of General George Armstrong Custer and his troops. The battle was fought between the Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the U.S. Army's 7th Cavalry Regiment. The Native American forces, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, successfully defended their territory and dealt a significant blow to the U.S. Army's efforts to control the Great Plains.

The correct answer is "none of the above." The question asks about Mexican policies that irritated Anglo-American settlers in Texas in the early 1830s. However, none of the options provided, including the refusal to recognize the dominance of Protestant churches in Mexico and Mexico's protection of slavery, directly address the policies that specifically irritated the settlers. Therefore, the correct answer is that none of the options mentioned in the question were the policies that caused irritation among the Anglo-American settlers in Texas.

Josiah Strong fostered the concept of righteousness of American expansion. This means that he believed that it was morally right for America to expand its influence and territory overseas. He likely saw American expansion as a way to spread American values, culture, and Christianity to other parts of the world. He may have believed that American expansion was a mission ordained by God and therefore justified. This belief would have influenced his views on missionary work and foreign trade, as he would have seen them as important tools for promoting American expansion and spreading American influence.

The Philippines caused the most debate about the merits of acquiring an empire for the United States because it was a former Spanish colony that was acquired by the US after the Spanish-American War. Many Americans questioned the morality and legality of acquiring overseas territories and debated whether it aligned with the principles of democracy and self-determination. The Philippines also presented challenges in terms of governance, cultural differences, and the potential for conflict with other imperial powers.

During his time at Walden Pond, Henry David Thoreau fully embraced the concept of "self-culture." This refers to the idea of personal development and self-improvement through introspection and self-reflection. Thoreau believed in the importance of individual growth and self-reliance, and his experience at Walden Pond was a manifestation of this philosophy. By living in solitude and simplicity, Thoreau aimed to cultivate his own mind and spirit, seeking a deeper understanding of himself and the world around him. Through his writings and lifestyle, Thoreau encouraged others to embark on their own journeys of self-discovery and self-cultivation.

The correct answer suggests that working-class families viewed the new public schools as depriving them of needed wage earners. This implies that they saw education as a means of upward mobility for their children, but also recognized that sending their children to school meant losing their labor and potential income. This suggests that they valued education but also faced economic challenges and saw a trade-off between education and immediate financial needs.

The correct answer is "extended the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific." The Crittenden Plan was a proposal put forward by Senator John J. Crittenden in 1860 in an attempt to prevent the secession of Southern states and preserve the Union. The plan aimed to extend the Missouri Compromise line, which had previously determined the division between free and slave territories, all the way to the Pacific Ocean. This would have allowed for the possibility of future slave states to be created south of the line. However, the plan was ultimately rejected and did not come into effect.

On test called "Exam". There is no chapter number on it... Question Number 8.

Both A and B are correct because in the election of 1912, the Socialists received nearly one million votes and Woodrow Wilson won the presidency.

Jacob Coxey was not a prominent American writer of the late nineteenth century. He was actually a politician and labor leader who is best known for leading the "Coxey's Army" march to Washington, D.C. in 1894 to protest unemployment and advocate for government jobs programs. While the other individuals listed in the question were all well-known writers of the late nineteenth century, Coxey's fame came from his activism rather than his literary work.

The correct answer is "a new mood of impatience and perfectionism." This is because the question is asking for an explanation of the changes in the reform movement of the mid-1830s. The phrase "a new mood of impatience and perfectionism" suggests that there was a shift in the mindset and attitude of the reformers during this time. They became more impatient with the progress of the movement and sought perfection in their goals. This change in mood likely influenced the direction and strategies of the reform movement during this period.

The Pendleton Act provided a merit system for the national government. This means that instead of government jobs being awarded based on political affiliation or favoritism, they would be given based on merit and qualifications. This act aimed to eliminate corruption and ensure that government positions were filled by competent individuals.

The correct answer is "had succumbed to European imperialism." This means that by 1900, China had been taken over or dominated by European powers. This is supported by historical evidence which shows that during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European powers, such as Britain, France, and Germany, gained significant control and influence over various parts of China through colonization, trade, and unequal treaties. This led to a loss of sovereignty and independence for China, making it succumb to European imperialism.

During the first decade of the twentieth century, there was a shift in the economic trend from industrial capitalists to financial capitalists. This means that the control and influence over the economy moved from those who owned and controlled industrial businesses to those who controlled and manipulated financial resources. This shift could indicate a change in the structure of economic power and the increasing importance of financial activities in driving economic growth.