Advanced Placement United States History Exam Review!

Education was most zealously promoted in New England during colonial America. This region had a strong emphasis on education, with the establishment of schools and universities such as Harvard and Yale. The Puritan settlers believed in the importance of education for religious and moral purposes, and they made efforts to ensure that children were educated. The New England colonies also had a higher literacy rate compared to other regions, indicating the success of their educational endeavors.

Bacon's Rebellion was a rebellion that occurred in Virginia in 1676. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter who was frustrated by his inability to acquire land. The rebellion was mainly supported by other young men who shared the same frustration. They were angry at the government's policies that favored the wealthy planters and restricted their access to land. The rebellion was a response to socio-economic grievances rather than specific racial or ethnic concerns, making the answer "young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land" the most appropriate choice.

Racial discrimination played a significant role in shaping the American slave system. This is evident from the statement that "race was rarely an issue in relations between blacks and whites." This suggests that racial discrimination was deeply ingrained in the system, as there was a clear distinction between blacks and whites. Additionally, it is mentioned that Europe profited the most from the institution, indicating that racial discrimination was a driving force behind the exploitation of African slaves. Therefore, racial discrimination had a powerful influence on the development and functioning of the American slave system.

The "headright" system was a method used to incentivize the migration of laborers to America. It granted the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person who paid for the passage of a laborer to America. This system aimed to address the labor shortage in the colonies by providing an economic incentive for individuals to bring in indentured servants. By offering land as a reward, the system attracted people to invest in the transportation of laborers, which in turn helped to increase the population and cultivate more land in the New World.

Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because southern men frequently died young. This practice was a result of the high mortality rate among men in the southern colonies, which left many women as widows. To ensure that these women could maintain control over their property and provide for themselves and their families, the colonies allowed them to retain separate ownership. This was a practical solution to address the social and economic challenges faced by women in a society where men often died at a young age.

In colonial America in the eighteenth century, the major manufacturing enterprise was lumbering. This involved the cutting and processing of timber for various purposes such as construction, shipbuilding, and fuel. Lumbering was a vital industry that provided materials for the growing colonies and played a significant role in their economic development. It was a labor-intensive process that required skilled workers and access to forests, making it a prominent manufacturing activity during that time.

The leading industry in the American colonies was agriculture because the colonies relied heavily on farming for their economic survival. Agriculture was the primary source of income and provided food for the colonists. The colonies had fertile land, favorable climate, and an abundance of natural resources, making agriculture a profitable venture. Cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo were cultivated and exported to Europe, contributing to the economic growth of the colonies. Additionally, agriculture played a crucial role in shaping the social structure and labor system of the colonies, with many colonists owning and relying on enslaved Africans for labor on their farms.

The New England family can be described as a very stable institution. This is because families in New England were typically close-knit, with strong bonds and a sense of community. They were also relatively small in size due to the high mortality rate from childbirth, which prevented families from growing too large. Despite this, the stability of the family unit remained strong, and it played a crucial role in the social fabric of the region.

As a result of Bacon's Rebellion, planters began to look for less troublesome laborers. This rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon, was a revolt against the colonial government in Virginia. The rebellion was primarily fueled by grievances against Governor Berkely's policies, including his refusal to provide protection against Native American attacks on the frontier. The rebellion resulted in the burning of Jamestown and the disruption of the tobacco trade, which greatly affected the planters. In order to avoid future uprisings and ensure a more stable workforce, planters started seeking laborers who were less likely to rebel or cause trouble.

The correct answer is "involved the trading of rum for African slaves." The triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry was a system of trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Rum was one of the goods produced in the American colonies and was traded for African slaves. The slaves were then transported to the Americas to work on plantations. This trade was profitable for the American colonies as it allowed them to acquire labor for their plantations, but it was not profitable for the slaves who were forcibly taken from their homes and subjected to a life of slavery.

The correct answer is "the result of unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachusetts." This is because the Salem witchcraft trials were a response to the tensions and conflicts that existed in the society of Massachusetts at that time. The colony was going through rapid changes and there were disagreements over religious practices and social norms. These unsettled conditions created an environment where accusations of witchcraft were made, leading to the trials.

In the seventeenth century, many immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies came as indentured servants. Indentured servitude was a system where individuals would agree to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to the New World. This allowed them to escape poverty or seek better opportunities. The Chesapeake colonies, including Virginia and Maryland, relied heavily on the labor of indentured servants to work on tobacco plantations. These servants were typically young, unmarried men and women who hoped to gain their freedom and start a new life after completing their term of service.

The Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because they believed that it would undermine the unity of married couples. They believed that by allowing women to have their own property, it would create division within the marriage and disrupt the traditional gender roles and hierarchy that they valued. They believed that the husband should be the head of the household and have control over all property and decisions, including those related to finances. This belief was rooted in their strict religious and social beliefs, which emphasized the importance of maintaining order and unity within the family unit.

The correct answer is scarcity of women. The population of the Chesapeake colonies during the first half of the seventeenth century was characterized by a significant shortage of women. This was primarily due to the fact that the colonies attracted a large number of male immigrants who were primarily seeking economic opportunities. The scarcity of women had significant social implications as it led to a disproportionate gender ratio and affected the formation of stable family units in the colonies.

The term "Scots-Irish" refers to a group of people who were descended from Scottish and Irish immigrants to the American colonies. They were known for their strong sense of independence and self-reliance. They often settled in frontier areas and were known for their resilience and ability to survive in harsh conditions. This independence was a defining characteristic of the Scots-Irish, making them fiercely independent.

Compared with indentured servants, African American slaves were a more manageable labor force. This is because slaves were considered property and were subject to strict control and harsh punishments, which discouraged rebellion and ensured their compliance. Indentured servants, on the other hand, were contracted workers with more rights and freedoms, making them potentially more difficult to control. Slaves were seen as a long-term investment, requiring less effort to maintain and manage compared to indentured servants.

The correct answer is "was slow to emerge". This is because the statement "Urban development in the colonial south occurred without the development of a professional class" suggests that there was a lack of skilled individuals who could lead and drive the development of urban areas. As a result, the process of urban development in the colonial south was slow and did not keep pace with the growth of large plantations or rival the excellent highway system of New England.

During the Salem witchcraft trials, the majority of those accused as witches were property-owning women. This is because owning property was seen as a sign of wealth and power, which made these women a target for jealousy and suspicion. Additionally, property-owning women who were widowed or unmarried were more vulnerable to accusations, as they deviated from the traditional gender roles of the time.

The principle of self-taxation through representation refers to the idea that individuals should only be taxed by a government in which they have a voice and representation. This principle was cherished by colonial Americans because they believed that they should have a say in how their taxes were levied and spent. It was a key argument against British taxation policies that did not provide colonists with representation in Parliament. By advocating for self-taxation through representation, colonial Americans sought to ensure that their rights and interests were protected in the political process.

The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger was significant because it pointed the way to open public discussion. This decision established the principle of freedom of the press, allowing newspapers to print criticisms of powerful people without fear of legal repercussions. It set a precedent for the protection of free speech and the importance of open dialogue in a democratic society.

The correct answer is that the church would act as a major prop for kingly authority. This means that establishing the Church of England in the colonies would help to reinforce and support the authority of the English monarchy. By having a strong presence of the Church of England in the colonies, the English officials could maintain control and influence over the colonists, ensuring their loyalty to the crown. The church would serve as a symbol of the king's authority and power, helping to strengthen his rule over the colonies.

The correct answer is "were not distributed evenly among whites". This means that the wealth created by the growing slave population in the American South was not shared equally among white people. This suggests that there was a significant wealth disparity among white individuals, with some benefiting more from the slave economy than others.

Transportation in colonial America was slow by any of the means available. This means that no matter what mode of transportation was used, it was generally slow. Whether it was by road, waterways, or any other means, the speed of transportation was not efficient during this time period.

The correct answer is "was uniquely New World creation." This means that the slave culture that developed in America was distinct and specific to the New World, meaning it was not found in other parts of the world. This suggests that the conditions and circumstances in America led to the development of a unique slave culture that differed from other forms of slavery seen elsewhere.

Glass was not considered to be a naval store because it is not derived from trees or used in naval construction or maintenance. Naval stores typically refer to products derived from pine trees, such as turpentine, tar, pitch, and rosin, which were used in the construction and maintenance of ships. Glass, on the other hand, is made from silica and is used for various purposes such as windows, containers, and decorative items, but it is not directly related to naval activities.

In the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was less fervid than when the colonies were established. This can be inferred from the phrase "less fervid" which means less intense or passionate. It suggests that the religious fervor and enthusiasm that characterized the early establishment of the colonies had diminished by the early eighteenth century. The other options do not align with this explanation.

During the seventeenth century, regional differences in the American colonies became more distinct. One of the most significant differences was the importance of slave labor in the southern colonies. The southern colonies heavily relied on the labor of enslaved Africans to work on plantations, especially in the cultivation of cash crops like tobacco and later on, cotton. This reliance on slave labor shaped the economy, social structure, and culture of the southern colonies, setting them apart from other regions that did not have the same dependence on slavery.

In 1775, the American colonies were still under British rule, so it is likely that most governors of these colonies would have been appointed by the king. The king held ultimate authority over the colonies and had the power to appoint governors to represent his interests and enforce his policies. This system of appointment by the king allowed for direct control and influence over the colonies by the British government.

The Molasses Act of 1733 was passed by the British Parliament with the intention to inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies. This act imposed a high tax on molasses imported from the French West Indies, making it difficult for American colonists to trade with the French colonies. The British government aimed to protect its own sugar industry in the British West Indies by discouraging the American colonies from trading with their French counterparts. This act was one of the many measures implemented by the British to control and regulate colonial trade in order to benefit their own economic interests.

Due to the poor soil in New England, it was not possible to rely on a single, staple crop for economic survival. Instead, diversification in agriculture and industry were encouraged to make a living. Frugality and hard work were essential for economic survival in this region. The area was also less ethnically mixed compared to its southern neighbors.

In the eighteenth century, the northern colonies relied on cattle and grain as their main economic activities. The Chesapeake colonies relied on tobacco, which was a major cash crop for them. On the other hand, the southern colonies relied on rice and indigo as their primary economic activities. This means that each colonial region had a distinct economic identity based on the specific industries they relied on for their prosperity.

In the 1700s, the majority of people in colonial America lived in rural areas, with only a small percentage residing in urban areas. This is supported by the fact that the answer choice of 90% is the highest percentage listed, indicating that the majority of people lived in rural areas.

During the American Revolution, some merchants were able to make significant profits by supplying the military with goods and resources. This led to a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few individuals, resulting in decreased social and economic mobility for the majority of the population. As these merchants accumulated wealth, it became increasingly difficult for others to rise in social status or improve their economic situation. This contributed to a decline in social and economic mobility during this period.

During the seventeenth century, the Chesapeake colonies relied heavily on white servants for their labor needs. These white servants were typically indentured servants who agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies. Many of these servants were poor Englishmen who sought better opportunities in America. They provided a cheap and readily available labor force for the colonies, helping to support the tobacco-based economy. This reliance on white servants gradually shifted towards African slaves in the late seventeenth century, as the demand for labor continued to grow and the supply of indentured servants declined.

The correct answer is "distinctive ethnic or racial structures." The other options provided (appearance of a recognizably American way of life, distinctive political structures, distinctive economic structures, and distinctive social structures) are all valid reasons for the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies' independence. These colonies developed their own political systems, economic practices, and social norms, which contributed to their desire for independence. However, ethnic or racial structures did not play a significant role in their quest for independence.

The correct answer is that the New England colonies had a more diversified economy. This means that they had a wider range of industries and economic activities compared to the Chesapeake colonies. The New England colonies were known for their shipbuilding, fishing, trade, and manufacturing, while the Chesapeake colonies were primarily focused on tobacco farming. The diverse economy of the New England colonies allowed for a greater variety of economic opportunities and helped to contribute to their overall prosperity.

The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was 16. This means that if we were to add up the ages of all the colonists and divide it by the total number of colonists, the result would be 16. This suggests that the majority of the colonists were relatively young at the time.

During the seventeenth century, Americans enjoyed an affluent abundance compared to most Europeans. This means that Americans had a higher standard of living and access to more resources and wealth. They were not living in primitive circumstances or relative poverty like many Europeans. Additionally, Americans had larger cities, indicating a more developed and prosperous society.

The correct answer is landowning small farmers. This is because during the colonial period in the American South, the majority of the inhabitants were small farmers who owned their own land. These farmers were primarily engaged in agricultural activities and were responsible for cultivating crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. They played a significant role in the economic and social development of the region, as they formed the backbone of the colonial Southern society.

Indentured servants in the colonies received various benefits in exchange for their labor, including a headright (a grant of land), passage to America, a few barrels of corn, and a suit of clothes. However, they did not always receive a small parcel of land. This means that while they were promised certain rewards for their work, land ownership was not always guaranteed for indentured servants.

The "middle passage" refers to the gruesome ocean voyage endured by Africans who were sold into slavery. It involved the transportation of enslaved individuals from the interior of Africa to the coast, where they were then taken on ships to America. This journey was marked by horrific conditions, including overcrowding, disease, and brutality, resulting in the deaths of many enslaved Africans. Therefore, the correct answer is the trip from the interior of Africa to the coast, the gruesome ocean voyage to America.

During the seventeenth century, colonial tobacco growers faced a problem of depressed prices for their crop. In response to this, some growers chose to plant corn and wheat instead of tobacco. This was likely done to diversify their agricultural production and reduce their reliance on tobacco, which was experiencing low prices. On the other hand, some growers opted to grow more tobacco to increase their volume of production. This strategy may have been employed in the hopes of increasing their overall revenue, despite the low prices, by producing a larger quantity of tobacco.