The Ultimate World History Exam Practice Test!

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1. Luther's initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was

Explanation

The given answer suggests that Luther's initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was not any of the options provided. This implies that the options given (objection to daily prayers, inaccurate King James translation of the Bible, and the dogma of Mary as a saint) are incorrect in relation to Luther's motivation for formulating the Theses.

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About This Quiz
World History Quizzes & Trivia

The Ultimate World History Exam Practice Test assesses knowledge on early modern era explorations, European colonization impacts, and global trade dynamics. It's ideal for students preparing for advanced... see moreplacement exams in world history. see less

2. Scientific racism drew on whose works to support its premise that Europeans were intellectually, culturally, and morally superior to all other peoples?

Explanation

Scientific racism drew on Charles Darwin's works to support its premise that Europeans were intellectually, culturally, and morally superior to all other peoples. Darwin's theory of evolution, as outlined in his book "On the Origin of Species," provided a scientific basis for the idea of racial hierarchy and superiority. This theory was misinterpreted and misused by proponents of scientific racism to justify discriminatory practices and beliefs.

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3. What was the most culturally diverse nation in the western hemisphere by the late 19th century?

Explanation

The United States was the most culturally diverse nation in the western hemisphere by the late 19th century. This can be attributed to several factors, such as its history of immigration from various parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, and Africa. The United States also had a unique blend of cultures due to its indigenous population and the mixing of different ethnic groups within the country. This cultural diversity contributed to the development of a rich and varied society in the United States during this time period.

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4. Between 1500 and 1800, why were Europeans primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean?

Explanation

During the time period between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper. These commodities were highly sought after and had a high demand in Europe. Europeans saw the opportunity to establish plantations and exploit the resources in these colonies, leading to significant economic gains. This economic motivation was a driving force for European colonization in these regions.

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5. During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be

Explanation

During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be kinship groups. This means that people were primarily organized and identified themselves based on their familial relationships. Kinship groups played a crucial role in various aspects of African society, including political, economic, and social structures. These groups provided support, protection, and a sense of identity for individuals within the community. They also determined social status, inheritance, and marriage alliances. Overall, kinship groups were the foundation of social organization in Africa during this period.

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6. Which multinational empire provided the greatest impediment to Italian and German unification?

Explanation

The Holy Roman Empire provided the greatest impediment to Italian and German unification. This is because the Holy Roman Empire was a decentralized and fragmented political entity, consisting of numerous independent states and territories. Its complex structure and lack of central authority made it difficult for Italy and Germany to unify under a single government. Additionally, the Holy Roman Empire often interfered in the affairs of Italian and German states, further impeding their efforts towards unification.

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7. Russian merchants and explorers began the expansion into Siberia in the quest for

Explanation

Russian merchants and explorers started expanding into Siberia in search of furs. Furs were highly valued and in demand during that time, especially in Europe, where they were used for clothing and accessories. The vast forests of Siberia were home to various fur-bearing animals such as sable, fox, and beaver, making it a lucrative region for fur trade. The pursuit of furs drove the Russian exploration and colonization of Siberia, leading to the establishment of fur trading posts and the eventual annexation of the territory by the Russian Empire.

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8. From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of

Explanation

During the period from 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of enslaved Africans. This is because during this time, the transatlantic slave trade was at its peak, with millions of Africans being forcibly transported to the Americas to work on plantations and in mines. The demand for labor in the New World led to a massive influx of enslaved Africans, making them the largest group of migrants during this period.

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9. Why was Charles V ultimately unable to strengthen the Holy Roman Empire?

Explanation

Charles V was ultimately unable to strengthen the Holy Roman Empire because he was confronted with religious and political problems. These problems, such as the Protestant Reformation and conflicts with other European powers, diverted his attention and resources away from efforts to strengthen the empire. Additionally, the religious and political divisions within the empire made it difficult for Charles V to effectively govern and unite the various territories under his rule.

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10. The Indian population in the present-day United States stood at five million to ten million in 1492 and at ____ in 1800.

Explanation

The Indian population in the present-day United States increased from 5-10 million in 1492 to 600,000 in 1800. This suggests a significant decline in the Indian population over time, possibly due to factors such as disease, warfare, displacement, and colonization by European settlers.

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11. To what purpose was the Council of Trent convened?

Explanation

The Council of Trent was convened for multiple purposes. Firstly, it was called as a response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to address the theological and doctrinal issues raised by the reformers. Additionally, the council discussed the controversial practice of selling indulgences, which was a major concern during that time. Furthermore, the celibacy and education of priests were also debated and addressed during the council. Therefore, all of these purposes are correct in explaining why the Council of Trent was convened.

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12. Why was Cecil Rhodes so interested in controlling Cape Colony?

Explanation

Cecil Rhodes was interested in controlling Cape Colony because he believed that by doing so, he could use it as a strategic base to expand British influence and control over the rest of Africa. This would allow him to further his vision of a British-dominated continent. By establishing a strong foothold in Cape Colony, Rhodes aimed to prevent other European powers, such as Germany and France, from intervening in the politics of South Africa and potentially challenging British dominance.

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13. In 19th century liberal democratic theory, a woman's role was generally portrayed as

Explanation

In 19th-century liberal democratic theory, a woman's role was generally portrayed as the mother of citizens. This suggests that women were seen as responsible for raising and nurturing the next generation of citizens. This role emphasized their importance in shaping the values, morals, and education of future citizens, highlighting their role in the development and stability of society.

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14. Throughout the period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was

Explanation

During the trans-Atlantic slavery period, the mortality rate for the middle passage was 25 percent. This means that one out of every four enslaved individuals died during the journey from Africa to the Americas. The conditions on the slave ships were extremely harsh, with overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, and limited access to food and water. These factors, along with the physical and emotional abuse endured by the enslaved individuals, contributed to the high mortality rate.

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15. What key decision did the Meiji government make that changed the longstanding social order in Japan?

Explanation

The Meiji government made the key decision to outlaw the samurai class in Japan, which changed the longstanding social order. This decision effectively ended the privileged status and power of the samurai, who had traditionally held high positions in society and served as the ruling class. By outlawing the samurai class, the Meiji government aimed to modernize and westernize Japan, shifting power and influence away from the traditional feudal system and towards a more centralized government and industrialization. This decision had far-reaching implications for the social, political, and economic structure of Japan.

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16. Catherine the Great's attempts at reform in Russia were essentially ended by

Explanation

Catherine the Great's attempts at reform in Russia were essentially ended by Pugachev's Rebellion. Pugachev's Rebellion, which took place from 1773 to 1775, was a major peasant uprising against the Russian government. It was led by Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be Catherine's late husband, Peter III. The rebellion posed a significant threat to Catherine's rule and ultimately forced her to abandon her plans for further reforms. The rebellion highlighted the deep-seated social and economic issues within Russia and demonstrated the limitations of Catherine's attempts at modernization and reform.

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17. Which political leaders used terror in the respective nations as a nation-building strategy?

Explanation

Robespierre and de Rosas used terror as a nation-building strategy in their respective nations. Robespierre, a key figure during the French Revolution, implemented the Reign of Terror to suppress opposition and consolidate power. This period was characterized by mass executions and repression. Similarly, de Rosas, a 19th-century Argentine dictator, employed terror tactics to maintain control and suppress dissent. His regime was marked by violence, persecution, and the use of death squads. Both leaders believed that fear and violence were necessary to establish and maintain their vision of a strong and unified nation.

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18. What is the best example of the extreme extent of the Qing reaction to the domination of foreigners?

Explanation

The Boxer Rebellion is the best example of the extreme extent of the Qing reaction to the domination of foreigners. This rebellion, which took place in China from 1899 to 1901, was a violent uprising against foreign influence and control. The Boxers, a secret society, targeted foreigners and Chinese Christians, believing that they were responsible for China's problems. The Qing government initially supported the Boxers, but eventually had to suppress the rebellion due to international pressure. This event demonstrated the Qing Dynasty's desperate attempt to resist foreign domination and maintain their sovereignty.

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19. Industrialization made profound changes in work responsibilities. Which societal group was the first to protest?

Explanation

The question asks which societal group was the first to protest against the profound changes in work responsibilities brought about by industrialization. However, none of the given options (Luddites, Parliament, Landlords) are correct as the first group to protest against industrialization were the Luddites. The Luddites were a group of English textile workers who protested and destroyed machinery in the early 19th century as they believed it was taking away their jobs and livelihoods.

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20. What did the Portuguese do to provide labor for their plantations?

Explanation

The Portuguese relied on imported African slaves as laborers for their plantations. This means that they brought in African individuals to work on their plantations, rather than using other methods such as offering higher wages or using indentured servants. This was a common practice during the time period, as European powers sought to exploit the labor of Africans for economic gain.

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21. Which thinker articulated these ideas: sovereignty resides in the people of a society, government is a social contract between the rulers and the ruled, and individuals have granted political rights to their rulers but always retain their personal rights to life, liberty, and property?

Explanation

John Locke articulated the ideas of sovereignty residing in the people of a society, government being a social contract between the rulers and the ruled, and individuals granting political rights to their rulers while retaining their personal rights to life, liberty, and property.

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22. Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in _?_ and _?_

Explanation

Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the United States and Russia in the 1860s. In the United States, the abolition of slavery came as a result of the American Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863. This proclamation declared that all slaves in Confederate territory were to be set free. In Russia, serfdom was abolished in 1861 by Tsar Alexander II through the Emancipation Manifesto. This decree granted freedom to the serfs, who were previously tied to the land and owned by the nobility.

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23. Rebellious ethnic minorities in the Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires during the late 19th century were motivated primarily by

Explanation

The correct answer is nationalism. Rebellious ethnic minorities in the Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires during the late 19th century were primarily motivated by a desire for national self-determination and independence. Nationalism was a powerful force that fueled the aspirations of various ethnic groups to break free from the empires and establish their own nation-states based on shared language, culture, and history. This desire for national identity and autonomy often led to uprisings, revolutions, and the eventual dissolution of these multi-ethnic empires.

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24. The ENCOMENDEROS were

Explanation

The correct answer is Spanish settlers. The encomenderos were Spanish settlers who were granted land and indigenous labor by the Spanish crown in the colonies. They were responsible for establishing and maintaining the encomienda system, which was a form of forced labor and tribute extraction from the indigenous population. The encomenderos played a crucial role in the colonization and exploitation of the Americas by the Spanish.

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25. What was the overall effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late 19th century?

Explanation

In the late 19th century, skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status continued to be factors that led to discrimination in Latin America. This means that individuals were still being treated unfairly and facing prejudice based on these three factors.

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26. In which place was slavery ended with revolution rather than by government decree?

Explanation

Haiti is the correct answer because it is the only country in the given options where slavery was ended through a revolution rather than through a government decree. In 1791, enslaved people in Haiti revolted against their French colonizers, leading to a long and bloody revolution that ultimately resulted in the abolition of slavery in 1804. This revolution, known as the Haitian Revolution, was the first and only successful slave revolt in history, making Haiti a significant landmark in the fight against slavery.

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27. What was the final result of the religious struggle in the Dutch provinces?

Explanation

The final result of the religious struggle in the Dutch provinces was a geographic split between the Protestant north and Catholic south. This means that the northern provinces became predominantly Protestant, while the southern provinces remained predominantly Catholic. This division had significant political and social implications for the Dutch provinces, as it contributed to the formation of separate identities and political entities within the region.

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28. The United States occupied Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines after its victory in what event?

Explanation

The correct answer is the Spanish-American War. This war took place in 1898 and resulted in the United States defeating Spain. As a result of the victory, the United States gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This event marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, as it signaled the country's emergence as a global power and its expansion into overseas territories.

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29. The last emperor of the Inca empires was

Explanation

Atahualpa is the correct answer because he was the last emperor of the Inca empire. He ruled from 1532 until his capture and execution by the Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro. Atahualpa's reign marked the end of the Inca empire and the beginning of Spanish colonization in the region. His capture and subsequent death were significant events in the history of the Inca civilization and the conquest of the Americas by the Spanish.

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30. The term MESTIZO refers to

Explanation

The term MESTIZO refers to an individual of indigenous American and European parentage. This term is commonly used in Latin America to describe people of mixed ancestry, particularly those with indigenous American and European heritage. Mestizos have a unique cultural and ethnic identity, representing the blending of different cultures and histories. This term is significant in understanding the diverse population and heritage of Latin America.

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31. In 1505 all the Swahili city-states were subdued by

Explanation

The Portuguese were responsible for subduing all the Swahili city-states in 1505.

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32. What did the Manchus do after conquering China?

Explanation

After conquering China, the Manchus implemented several measures to solidify their control. They forbade the Chinese from learning Manchurian language or traveling to Manchuria, which aimed to prevent any cultural assimilation. Additionally, they required Chinese men to grow and wear the queue hairstyle as a symbol of submission to Manchu authority. Lastly, the Manchus carefully guarded their own cultural identity, ensuring that their traditions and customs remained distinct from the Chinese population. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the answer are correct.

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33. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on…

Explanation

Columbus' decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on his miscalculation of the distance from the Canary Islands to Japan. He believed that the Earth was smaller than it actually is, and therefore thought that by sailing west, he could reach Asia faster than by sailing east. This miscalculation led him to embark on his famous voyage, which ultimately resulted in his discovery of the Americas.

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34. Which group is most responsible for bringing social change to China during the Qing era and to Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate?

Explanation

During the Qing era in China and the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan, merchants played a crucial role in bringing social change. As trade and commerce flourished, merchants gained wealth and influence, allowing them to challenge the traditional social hierarchy. They introduced new ideas, technologies, and cultural influences from foreign countries, contributing to the modernization and transformation of both societies. Merchants also funded and supported intellectual and artistic endeavors, promoting education and cultural exchange. Their economic power and entrepreneurial spirit made them a driving force behind social change in both China and Japan during these periods.

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35. What is the best characterization of world trade in the period 1450-1750?

Explanation

During the period 1450-1750, the best characterization of world trade was that the demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver. This means that the European countries, particularly Spain and Portugal, used the silver they obtained from their colonies in the Americas to purchase valuable goods from Asia, such as spices, silk, and porcelain. The influx of silver from the New World helped stimulate trade between Europe and Asia, as it provided the necessary currency to facilitate these exchanges. This also led to economic growth and the establishment of global trade networks during this time period.

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36. Which aspect of industrialization was the underpinning of industrialization in Japan and Russia?

Explanation

The correct answer is the abolishment of serfdom. In both Japan and Russia, the end of serfdom played a crucial role in their industrialization processes. Serfdom was a system of feudal labor where peasants were tied to the land and had limited rights. Its abolishment allowed for the free movement of labor, leading to an increase in urbanization and the availability of workers for industrial jobs. This, in turn, facilitated the growth of industries and the overall process of industrialization in both countries.

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37. The United States Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for 

Explanation

The United States Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen both reflect a shared concern for the protection of private property. This is evident in the emphasis placed on individual rights and liberties, including the right to own and enjoy property without interference from the government or other individuals. Both documents recognize the importance of private property as a fundamental aspect of personal freedom and economic prosperity.

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38. The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was

Explanation

The devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases was the most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas. These diseases, such as smallpox, were introduced by the Spanish and had a catastrophic impact on the native populations who had no immunity to them. The diseases spread rapidly and caused widespread death, weakening the Aztec and Inca civilizations and making them more vulnerable to Spanish conquest. This factor played a crucial role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires.

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39. When comparing the early successes of the Qing dynasty under Kangxi with its 19th century failures, which place and time had the most similar pattern?

Explanation

France under Louis XIV and French Republic under Louis Philippe had the most similar pattern when comparing the early successes of the Qing dynasty under Kangxi with its 19th-century failures. Both Louis XIV and Louis Philippe experienced early successes in their respective reigns, but later faced failures and challenges. Louis XIV's reign was marked by economic prosperity and military victories, but towards the end of his reign, France faced financial difficulties and political unrest. Similarly, Louis Philippe initially brought stability and economic growth during the French Republic, but later faced political unrest and economic struggles, leading to his downfall.

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40. In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because

Explanation

Portugal's inability to maintain its early domination of trade can be attributed to its small size and population. As a small country, Portugal may have lacked the resources and manpower necessary to sustain its trade dominance over a prolonged period. Additionally, larger and more powerful nations such as England, France, and the Netherlands may have formed alliances to challenge and break Portugal's monopoly in trade. This would have further weakened Portugal's position and hindered its ability to maintain control over trade routes and markets.

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41. By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network in which Europeans played dominant roles EXCEPT 

Explanation

Australia is the correct answer because by 1750, Australia was still largely unexplored and uninhabited by Europeans. It was not until the late 18th century that British explorers began to colonize Australia, with the establishment of the first European settlement in 1788. Therefore, Australia did not participate in the global trade network dominated by Europeans by 1750.

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42. How did other European and American entrepreneurs gain the knowledge to mechanize?

Explanation

In the earliest cases of industrial espionage, other European and American entrepreneurs gained the knowledge to mechanize by obtaining the plans through unsavory methods. This suggests that these entrepreneurs resorted to unethical practices such as stealing or spying in order to acquire the necessary information for mechanization.

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43. In which industry were Asian migrants to Latin America in the mid 19th century most likely to work?

Explanation

Asian migrants to Latin America in the mid 19th century were most likely to work in the agriculture industry. This is because agriculture was a major sector in Latin America during that time, and Asian migrants were often recruited as laborers to work on plantations and farms. They were brought in to work on crops such as sugar, coffee, and rubber, which were important exports for Latin American countries. The demand for labor in agriculture was high, and Asian migrants were seen as a cheap source of labor due to their willingness to work for lower wages.

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44. As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in African in return for

Explanation

The given question is asking about what the Europeans usually traded with African slaves as part of the triangular slave trade. The correct answer is "none of these are correct" because the Europeans typically traded goods such as guns, textiles, and manufactured goods in exchange for African slaves, rather than rum, gold or silver, or sugar or cotton.

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45. What was the most significant reason for the decline in slavery as a labor system?

Explanation

The most significant reason for the decline in slavery as a labor system was that it became more profitable to use wage labor. This suggests that economic factors played a crucial role in the shift away from slavery. As industries and economies evolved, the use of wage labor became a more efficient and cost-effective option for many businesses. This change in profitability likely incentivized the transition away from slavery and towards a wage-based labor system.

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46. What was the decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War?

Explanation

The decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was the destruction of the majority of the Russian navy in a battle with the Japanese navy. This event severely weakened the Russian military and gave the Japanese a significant advantage in the war. Without their navy, the Russians were unable to effectively defend their territories and were forced to negotiate for peace. The loss of their naval power was a critical blow to the Russian war effort and ultimately led to their defeat in the conflict.

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47. What did anticolonial movements such as the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agree on?

Explanation

Anticolonial movements such as the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on the need for reform in order to resist European imperialism. This means that they recognized the oppressive nature of European imperialism and understood that in order to combat it, they needed to bring about changes and reforms within their own societies. By advocating for reform, they aimed to strengthen their societies and resist the domination of European powers.

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48. When comparing the roles of urban and rural women in the middle ages with those in the industrial age, what is the most accurate description of their economic independence?

Explanation

In the middle ages, rural women and urban women had different economic roles. Rural women maintained their same roles, meaning they continued to work in agriculture and perform household tasks. On the other hand, urban women had a diversity of roles, meaning they had more opportunities for different types of work. However, urban women had less opportunity for independent initiative, suggesting that they were not as economically independent as rural women.

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49. What event shifted the population ratio in Canada from predominately French to predominately British-speaking residents?

Explanation

The American Revolutionary War resulted in a significant shift in the population ratio in Canada from predominately French to predominately British-speaking residents. This is because during the war, many Loyalists who were loyal to the British crown fled the American colonies and settled in Canada. This influx of British-speaking settlers contributed to the change in the population ratio in Canada.

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50.  The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was

Explanation

Denmark was the first European nation to abolish the slave trade. In 1792, Denmark passed a law banning the importation of slaves into its colonies, making it the first European country to do so. This decision was influenced by the growing abolitionist movement and Denmark's recognition of the inhumane treatment of slaves. The Danish government also provided financial compensation to slave owners who freed their slaves. This abolitionist stance set an important precedent and paved the way for other European nations to follow suit in the years to come.

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51. The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the 16th century was

Explanation

Maioc, also known as cassava, was the most important American crop introduced into Africa in the 16th century. It was brought by Portuguese traders and quickly became a staple food crop in many African countries. Manioc is highly adaptable to different climates and soils, making it an ideal crop for African farmers. It provided a reliable source of carbohydrates and was able to withstand droughts and other harsh conditions. The introduction of manioc played a significant role in improving food security and nutrition in Africa.

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52. Under the Spanish rule of the Philippines, what happened to the native population?

Explanation

During the Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population was subjected to pressure to convert to Roman Catholicism. Additionally, they also experienced high mortality rates due to warfare. This suggests that the Spanish colonizers enforced their religious beliefs on the native population and engaged in conflicts that resulted in significant loss of life.

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53. In which area of governance did the influence of the Mongols on the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires prove to be the most problematic? 

Explanation

The influence of the Mongols on the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires proved to be most problematic in the area of the lack of a clearly designated successor to the imperial throne. This meant that there was often uncertainty and conflict over who would inherit the throne after the death of the ruler, leading to power struggles and instability within the empires. This issue of succession weakened the empires and made them vulnerable to internal conflicts and external threats.

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54. The term "Great Game" is applied to

Explanation

The term "Great Game" refers to the struggle between the British and Russian adventurers for control of Central Asia. During the 19th century, both empires sought to expand their influence in the region, which was strategically important for trade and military purposes. This competition involved espionage, diplomacy, and proxy conflicts, as both sides aimed to gain control over the region's resources and prevent the other from doing so. The term "Great Game" captures the intensity and complexity of this rivalry between the British and Russian powers in Central Asia.

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55. What was the universal goal of the Latin American reform movements of the 19th century?

Explanation

The universal goal of the Latin American reform movements of the 19th century was land distribution reform. This refers to the efforts made to address the unequal distribution of land in Latin American countries, where a small elite owned most of the land while the majority of the population had little or no access to it. The reform movements aimed to redistribute land more equitably among the population, with the goal of reducing social and economic inequalities.

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56. Economic development in Latin America was limited because

Explanation

The limited economic development in Latin America can be attributed to the small market for manufactured goods. This means that there was not enough demand for these goods, hindering the growth of industries and businesses. Without a significant market, there would be little incentive for investors to establish or expand manufacturing operations in the region. This lack of industrialization and diversification of the economy would have further constrained the overall development and progress in Latin America.

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57. The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of what crop?

Explanation

The question asks about the crop that the Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for cultivation. However, none of the options provided (cotton, indigo, maize) are correct. Therefore, the answer is "none of these is correct".

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58. By 1789, the American revolution resulted in a _?_ system of government and by 1791, the French revolution resulted in a _?_

Explanation

The American Revolution led to the establishment of a federal system of government, where power is divided between a central government and individual states. On the other hand, the French Revolution resulted in a limited constitutional monarchy, where the power of the monarchy was restricted by a constitution and the establishment of a constitutional government.

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59. In the English colonies a higher percentage of women settlers ensured that the migrants mainly married among themselves. This situation is similar to what Spanish or Portuguese colonial area?

Explanation

In Peru, similar to the English colonies, a higher percentage of women settlers led to a situation where migrants mainly married among themselves. This resulted in a similar pattern of social and cultural integration as seen in the English colonies.

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60. Why were the Chinese hesitant to convert to Christianity?

Explanation

The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because Christianity was exclusionary. This means that Christianity did not accept or include people who did not believe in its teachings. The Chinese might have felt that their own beliefs and traditions would not be respected or accepted by the Christian faith, leading to a reluctance to convert.

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61. China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties because… 

Explanation

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, China fell behind technologically because the rulers prioritized political and social stability over progress. This means that they were more focused on maintaining control and order within the country, rather than embracing new technologies and advancements. As a result, China did not actively seek or adopt new technologies, leading to a technological stagnation during this period.

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62. According to most world historians, what was the key to European predominance in the world economy during the 19th and early 20th century?

Explanation

The Industrial Revolution is considered the key to European predominance in the world economy during the 19th and early 20th century. This period saw significant advancements in manufacturing, technology, and transportation, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. Europe's embrace of mechanization and factory production allowed them to surpass other regions in terms of industrial output and economic power. The Industrial Revolution also fueled colonization and imperialism, as European nations sought to secure resources and markets for their industries. Overall, the Industrial Revolution played a crucial role in Europe's rise to economic dominance during this period.

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63. Which southeast Asian regions/entities became European colonies during the 19th century?

Explanation

During the 19th century, several southeast Asian regions/entities became European colonies. Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Singapore were all colonized by European powers during this time. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of these are correct."

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64. For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was

Explanation

The correct answer is precious metals. This is because the Spanish were primarily interested in acquiring gold and other valuable metals from the Americas. These precious metals were seen as a symbol of wealth and power, and the Spanish sought to exploit the resources of the New World to increase their own wealth and influence.

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65. To what can one attribute the vast expansion and continued control of Ottoman territories into southern Europe and northern Africa?

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that the Ottomans were able to expand and maintain control over their territories by combining a strong military presence with accommodation of local religious traditions. This approach allowed them to exert their military power while also respecting and incorporating the religious beliefs and practices of the conquered peoples. By doing so, the Ottomans were able to gain the support and loyalty of the local populations, making it easier for them to expand their territories and maintain control over them.

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66. During the early modern era, which non-European peoples explored the Indian Ocean?

Explanation

During the early modern era, the Chinese were one of the non-European peoples who explored the Indian Ocean. The Chinese had a long history of maritime exploration and trade, and during this era, they expanded their reach to the Indian Ocean region. Chinese explorers like Zheng He led several expeditions to Southeast Asia, India, and even Africa, establishing trade networks and diplomatic relations. Their exploration of the Indian Ocean contributed to the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between China and other regions, making them an important non-European player in the exploration of the Indian Ocean during that time.

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67. What allowed European influence to dominate Ottoman economics in the late 19th century

Explanation

The Ottoman Empire's poor balance of trade meant that they were not earning enough from their exports to cover the cost of their imports. As a result, they had to borrow funds from European sources to finance their economic activities. This allowed European influence to dominate Ottoman economics in the late 19th century, as the Ottomans became increasingly reliant on European financial support.

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68. The Suez Canal was constructed to reduce travel time between what two locations?

Explanation

The Suez Canal was constructed to reduce travel time between Great Britain and India. The canal provided a direct route for ships traveling between the two locations, avoiding the need to navigate around the southern tip of Africa. This significantly decreased the time and cost of transportation, allowing for faster trade and communication between Great Britain and its colony in India.

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69. What was the ultimate outcome of the Sepoy Rebellion?

Explanation

The ultimate outcome of the Sepoy Rebellion was the establishment of direct imperial rule in India. The rebellion, also known as the Indian Mutiny, was a significant uprising against British rule in 1857. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, and as a result, the British government took direct control over India. This marked a shift from the previous rule of the British East India Company to direct governance by the British Crown. The rebellion had far-reaching consequences and led to significant changes in the administration and governance of India.

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70. What group suffered the greatest loss of civil liberties during Napoleon's rule of France?

Explanation

During Napoleon's rule of France, women suffered the greatest loss of civil liberties. Napoleon implemented several laws and policies that restricted women's rights and freedoms. He revoked the rights gained by women during the French Revolution, such as the ability to divorce and own property. Women were also denied access to education and were excluded from participating in political and public life. These measures aimed to reinforce traditional gender roles and limit women's autonomy, making them the group that experienced the most significant loss of civil liberties during Napoleon's rule.

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71. Why did Toussaint Louverture decide not to declare independence from France in 1801?

Explanation

Toussaint Louverture decided not to declare independence from France in 1801 because he hoped to avoid provoking Napoleon into attacking the island. By not declaring independence, he aimed to maintain a peaceful relationship with France and prevent any potential military aggression from Napoleon.

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72. Which component of the age of proto-industrialization became a key asset for industrialization?

Explanation

Cotton as a significant cash crop in American and Asian markets became a key asset for industrialization. This is because the demand for cotton increased during the proto-industrialization period, leading to the development of more efficient methods of cultivation and processing. The profitability of cotton production incentivized technological advancements and investment in machinery, which eventually translated into the factory systems of industrialization. Additionally, the expansion of cotton production in American and Asian markets created a global trade network and provided the necessary capital for industrialization to take place.

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73. Between 1600 and 1800, what was common about the policies of China, Korea, and Japan with regard to contact with foreigners?

Explanation

Between 1600 and 1800, China, Korea, and Japan all regulated interactions with foreigners. This means that they implemented policies and laws to control and manage the interactions between their own citizens and foreigners. This could include restrictions on foreign trade, the establishment of designated trading ports, the imposition of tariffs and taxes on foreign goods, and the enforcement of strict rules for foreigners entering and residing in their countries. These regulations were aimed at maintaining control over their territories and resources, protecting their economies, and preserving their cultural and political independence.

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74. According to Marx and Engels, the final end to a class revolution would 

Explanation

Marx and Engels believed that the final end to a class revolution would result in the removal of any need for any form of government. They argued that once the proletariat (working class) had overthrown the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and established a classless society, there would no longer be a need for a government to enforce and maintain class divisions. In this communist society, all individuals would have equal access to resources and power, and the state would eventually wither away as it became unnecessary.

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75. African colonies where European personnel collected taxes, maintained order, and organized labor and military recruitment were run under which government system?

Explanation

Direct rule is the correct answer because it refers to a system in which European personnel directly governed the African colonies. In this system, European officials would establish their own administrative structures, collect taxes, maintain order, and control labor and military recruitment. This approach was commonly used by colonial powers such as France and Belgium, who aimed to exert direct control and influence over their colonies.

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76. What did the policies of the Meiji reformers bring about in Japan?

Explanation

The policies of the Meiji reformers in Japan led to the promotion of rapid industrialization. The Meiji government implemented various measures to modernize and industrialize the country, such as adopting Western technologies and practices, encouraging foreign investment, and establishing modern infrastructure. These policies resulted in the growth of industries, the development of a strong manufacturing sector, and the emergence of Japan as a major industrial power. The promotion of rapid industrialization played a crucial role in transforming Japan from a feudal society into a modern and prosperous nation.

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77. What was the most important factor in making the world trade network less influential in the Mughal empire?

Explanation

The Mughals depended on their huge manufacturing capacity rather than trade, which means that they focused more on producing goods within their empire rather than relying on international trade. This made the world trade network less influential in the Mughal empire because they were not as heavily involved in global trade compared to other empires like the Ottomans and Safavids.

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78. It could be said that global economic forces split countries into two dominant patterns. While one was the manufacturing nations, what was the other form?

Explanation

The correct answer is nations that became dependent on manufacturing economies. This is because the question states that global economic forces split countries into two dominant patterns, and one of these patterns was the manufacturing nations. Therefore, the other form would be nations that became dependent on manufacturing economies, as they relied on the manufacturing sector for their economic growth and development.

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79. What effect did industrialization have on gender roles?

Explanation

Industrialization had an effect on gender roles by creating separate spheres for men and women. As men could earn higher wages, many women sought employment as domestic servants. However, industrialization also opened up new opportunities for women, such as teaching, which had previously been dominated by men. Therefore, both men and women found valuable societal roles in separate spheres, with men in the workforce and women in domestic and educational roles.

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80. What did victory in the Seven Years' War ensure?

Explanation

Victory in the Seven Years' War ensured the prosperity of British colonies and the dominance of Britain in global trade in the coming century. This implies that the war outcome led to economic benefits for the British colonies and established Britain as a powerful force in international trade.

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81. This excerpt "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinction may be based only on common utility…The goal of every political association is the preservation of the natural and inalienable rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression…The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the most previous rights of man: every citizen may thus speak, write and publish freely…"  is most likely from 

Explanation

The excerpt mentions that men are born free and equal in rights, and that social distinction should only be based on common utility. It also states that the goal of every political association is to preserve the natural and inalienable rights of man, including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of free communication of thoughts and opinions. These ideas align with the principles outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, making it the most likely source of the excerpt.

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82. With regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, what influenced the Qing?

Explanation

The Qing dynasty was influenced by the patterns established by the Ming dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty in China before the Qing, and their governance and administrative techniques had a significant impact on the Qing rulers. The Qing dynasty adopted and continued many of the political, social, and cultural practices of the Ming dynasty, which helped to shape their ruling philosophy and techniques.

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83. What factor produced large population increases in Mughal India but was missing in the other empires?

Explanation

The factor that produced large population increases in Mughal India but was missing in the other empires was a rise in intensive farming practices of traditional crops. This means that Mughal India implemented more efficient and productive farming techniques for their traditional crops, which led to increased agricultural output and ultimately supported a larger population. The other empires may not have adopted these intensive farming practices, resulting in slower population growth.

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84. A key difference between the indigenous peoples of North America and those of South America was

Explanation

The key difference between the indigenous peoples of North America and those of South America was that the Indians of North America were farmers and hunters who frequently moved their villages, rather than residents of large centralized empires as in South America. This distinction in lifestyle and settlement patterns contributed to various cultural, social, and political differences between the two regions. While the indigenous peoples of South America had established complex empires like the Aztecs and Incas, the indigenous peoples of North America had a more nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle, relying on agriculture and hunting for sustenance. This fundamental difference in societal structure shaped their interactions with European settlers and their subsequent histories.

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85. Why was the Indian National Congress formed?

Explanation

The Indian National Congress was formed as a forum for educated Indians to communicate their views to colonial officials. It provided a platform for Indians to express their grievances, demand political rights, and advocate for reforms. The Congress aimed to represent the interests of the Indian population and press for greater participation in governance. By engaging with colonial officials, the Congress sought to influence policies and bring about positive changes in India. It played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement and paved the way for the eventual establishment of a democratic nation.

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86. Industrialization led to global changes in population. What were the demographic transitions?

Explanation

Industrialization led to a decline in birth rates, which in turn contributed to a slowing in the population increase. As countries became more industrialized, people began to have fewer children due to various factors such as improved access to contraception, increased education and employment opportunities for women, and changes in societal norms. This decline in birth rates helped to balance out the population growth, as mortality rates also decreased due to advancements in healthcare and living conditions. Therefore, declining birth rates played a significant role in the demographic transitions during industrialization.

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87. A political conservative in the 19th century would be likely to advocate

Explanation

A political conservative in the 19th century would likely advocate for censorship to maintain social order and control over ideas, restoration of the monarchy to preserve traditional power structures, government support of the church to uphold religious values and social cohesion, and suffrage to men of property to maintain the existing social hierarchy and prevent radical changes in governance.

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88. What weakness in Chinese government allowed Europeans to carve out spheres of influence?

Explanation

The weakness in the Chinese government that allowed Europeans to carve out spheres of influence was the Qing dynasty's antiquated military and lack of popular support from its own citizens. This made it difficult for the Chinese government to effectively resist the demands of the Europeans and protect their interests.

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89. The imposition of foreign rule provoked nationalist responses in colonized lands in the later 19th century, just as nationalism had resulted from _?_

Explanation

The imposition of foreign rule provoked nationalist responses in colonized lands in the later 19th century, just as nationalism had resulted from Napoleon's march across Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This is because Napoleon's conquests and the subsequent spread of French rule sparked a sense of national identity and resistance among the conquered peoples. The same pattern can be observed in the later 19th century, as colonized lands faced foreign domination and sought to assert their own nationalistic aspirations.

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90. Which areas were considered settler colonies in the 19th century?

Explanation

In the 19th century, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa were considered settler colonies. These colonies were established by European settlers who migrated to these regions and established permanent settlements. The settlers aimed to establish agricultural and mining industries, bringing their own culture, language, and institutions to these areas. These colonies played a significant role in the expansion of European influence and colonization during this time period.

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91. What role did religious tolerance play in the Mughal empire?

Explanation

The early rulers of the Mughal empire did not prioritize conversion and were tolerant of other religions. However, as time passed, later rulers became more focused on converting people to Islam and even persecuted those who practiced other religions. This shift in attitude towards religious tolerance played a significant role in the Mughal empire's history.

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92. What policy led to radicalization in both the French Revolution after 1789 and the Russian Revolution after 1917?

Explanation

The correct answer is the "coming to power of the peasantry." Both the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution saw a significant role played by the peasantry in overthrowing the existing regimes and establishing new ones. The empowerment of the peasantry led to radicalization as they sought to address their long-standing grievances and bring about significant social and political changes. The peasants' rise to power challenged the existing social order and sparked revolutionary fervor, resulting in radical ideologies and actions in both revolutions.

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93. Which nation gained its independence through agreement rather than through revolution?

Explanation

Haiti gained its independence through agreement rather than revolution. In 1804, after a long and brutal war against French colonial rule, Haiti became the first independent black republic in the world. This independence was achieved through a negotiated agreement with France, known as the Treaty of Paris, rather than a revolutionary overthrow of the colonial power. The agreement allowed Haiti to become a sovereign nation, free from French control, and marked a significant milestone in the fight against slavery and colonialism.

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94. The usual victims of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century witch-hunts were women, but what other characteristic did they share?

Explanation

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, women were the usual victims of witch-hunts. This suggests that they shared a marginalized position in society. Women were often seen as inferior and had limited rights and opportunities compared to men. This societal position made them more vulnerable to accusations and persecution during the witch-hunt era.

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95. In the late 19th century, European imperialism in BOTH Africa and China was characterized by

Explanation

During the late 19th century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was marked by competition among imperialist powers. This means that different European nations were vying for control and dominance over these regions, leading to conflicts and rivalries among them. This competition resulted in the carving up of territories, colonization, and the establishment of spheres of influence. It also led to the exploitation of resources and the imposition of European economic and political systems on the indigenous populations.

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96. What was Manifest Destiny?

Explanation

Manifest Destiny was the belief or ideology that it was the inevitable and rightful destiny of the United States to expand its territory and exert its influence over the entire North American continent. This included the idea that American dominion would extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, encompassing all of North America. The concept of Manifest Destiny played a significant role in shaping American expansionism and the policies pursued by the United States government in the 19th century, leading to the acquisition of vast territories such as Texas, California, and Oregon.

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97. What is extraterritoriality?

Explanation

Extraterritoriality refers to the exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live. This means that foreigners are not subject to the legal jurisdiction of the host country and instead are governed by the laws of their own country. This concept is often applied to diplomats, who enjoy certain legal immunities and privileges while living in a foreign country. Extraterritoriality helps to maintain diplomatic relations and protect the interests of foreign nationals, while also ensuring that they are not unfairly subjected to the laws of a foreign jurisdiction.

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98. What were the effects of the emancipation of serfs in Russia by Alexander the II?

Explanation

The correct answer is "very little improvement in agricultural production." The emancipation of serfs in Russia by Alexander II did not lead to significant improvements in agricultural production. While peasants did receive free land as compensation, this did not result in a substantial increase in productivity. The main goal of the emancipation was to address social and political issues, rather than directly improve agricultural output.

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99. In which southeast Asian colony was conversion to Christianity most effective?

Explanation

The correct answer is Vietnam because during the French colonial period, the Catholic Church was able to establish a strong presence and convert a significant portion of the population. The French missionaries were successful in spreading Christianity, particularly among the indigenous people in the northern regions of Vietnam. This was aided by the support of the French colonial administration, which encouraged the conversion of the local population. As a result, Vietnam has a substantial Christian population, with Catholicism being the largest Christian denomination in the country.

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100. What were the components of Japanese foreign policy from the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries?

Explanation

From the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy involved the closure of almost all ports to foreign trade and the persecution of Christians. This policy was known as the Sakoku policy and aimed to maintain isolation and protect Japan from foreign influence. The government restricted contact with foreigners and prohibited the practice of Christianity, as they saw it as a threat to their authority. This policy remained in place until the mid-19th century when Japan was forced to open up to foreign trade due to external pressures.

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101. What were the societal effects of the arrival of Europeans in China?

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that the arrival of Europeans in China had little societal effects, as only a small fraction of the Chinese population converted to Christianity. This implies that the influence of missionaries and the spread of the Christian faith did not have a significant impact on the overall religious landscape or cultural practices in China.

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102. What did both Cecil Rhodes and Otto von Bismarck believe about industrialization and workers?

Explanation

Both Cecil Rhodes and Otto von Bismarck believed that overseas expansion benefitted both industrialists and workers. This implies that they both saw the advantages of expanding industries beyond their own countries, as it would create opportunities for both the wealthy industrialists and the working class. They likely believed that this expansion would lead to economic growth and improved living standards for all involved.

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103. What was the role of the military in the gradual decline of the Ottoman empire?

Explanation

The military played a significant role in the gradual decline of the Ottoman empire by controlling the government at times and being resistant to modernization. This hindered the empire's ability to adapt to the changing world and implement necessary reforms. The military's control over the government allowed them to resist modernization efforts, which ultimately contributed to the empire's decline. Their resistance to change and refusal to embrace modern advancements prevented the empire from keeping up with other global powers and ultimately led to its downfall.

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104. Why did Olympia de Gouges write Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen?

Explanation

Olympia de Gouges wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen to clarify the place of women in the French government. This document aimed to address the inequality and discrimination faced by women in society and advocate for their rights and equal participation in the political system. It sought to challenge the prevailing patriarchal norms and ensure that women were recognized as equal citizens with the same rights and opportunities as men. By clarifying the place of women in the French government, de Gouges aimed to bring about social and political change for women in France.

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105. Why was Japan more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the 19th century?

Explanation

Japan's elite were willing to sponsor reform, which contributed to their success in resisting imperialist encroachments in the 19th century. This means that the influential and powerful individuals in Japan were supportive of and actively involved in implementing reforms within the country. Their willingness to sponsor and support these reforms allowed Japan to modernize and strengthen itself, making it more capable of resisting foreign encroachments. This proactive approach by the Japanese elite set them apart from China, where the ruling elite were less willing to embrace reform and modernization.

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106. What form of colonial structure of government involved the LEAST amount of European governmental involvement?

Explanation

A concessionary company is a form of colonial structure where European governments grant a company the rights to trade and govern in a specific region. This involves the least amount of direct European governmental involvement as the company is responsible for governing and managing the colony. The European government only has limited control and oversight over the company's activities. In contrast, dominion rule involves a higher level of European governmental involvement as the colony is given self-governance but still remains under the authority of the European government. Direct occupation and indirect rule also involve more direct European governmental involvement compared to concessionary companies.

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107. When comparing the domain of the Mughals with that of earlier states controlled by Muslim conquerors, what was the largest difference?

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that despite the Sultanate of Delhi having enormous standing armies, they were not as successful in conquering the subcontinent compared to the Mughals. This implies that the Mughals were more successful in expanding their domain and exerting control over a larger territory.

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108. What is cultural nationalism?

Explanation

Cultural nationalism refers to the promotion and preservation of a particular culture within a nation. This includes activities such as collecting folktales, which helps in preserving the cultural heritage. Additionally, it involves the study of language and history in a culture, which helps in understanding and preserving the cultural identity. However, the statement also includes supporting anti-Semitism, which is not a characteristic of cultural nationalism. Therefore, the correct answer is collecting folktales and the study of language and history in a culture.

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109. "Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite , seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles, and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms." This quotation comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch from a king located on the

Explanation

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110. The most destructive European conflict before the twentieth century was…

Explanation

Pugachev's Rebellion was a major revolt that occurred in Russia from 1773 to 1775. Led by the Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, it aimed to overthrow the Russian government and abolish serfdom. The rebellion resulted in widespread violence and destruction, with villages being burned and thousands of people being killed. It posed a significant threat to the stability of the Russian Empire and was ultimately crushed by government forces. This makes Pugachev's Rebellion the most destructive European conflict before the twentieth century.

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The ENCOMENDEROS were
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The term MESTIZO refers to
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What did the Manchus do after conquering China?
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The term "Great Game" is applied to
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Which component of the age of proto-industrialization became a key...
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What did the policies of the Meiji reformers bring about in Japan?
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It could be said that global economic forces split countries into two...
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What did victory in the Seven Years' War ensure?
This excerpt "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social...
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What factor produced large population increases in Mughal India but...
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Why was the Indian National Congress formed?
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A political conservative in the 19th century would be likely to...
What weakness in Chinese government allowed Europeans to carve out...
The imposition of foreign rule provoked nationalist responses in...
Which areas were considered settler colonies in the 19th century?
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The usual victims of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century witch-hunts...
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