Advanced Level: The Toughest World History Quiz

Explanation
The advent of Islam occurred in the 7th century. This refers to the time when the religion of Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the early 7th century CE. It was during this time that Muhammad received revelations from God, which eventually formed the basis of the Islamic faith. The advent of Islam marked a significant turning point in history, as it led to the spread of the religion across the Arabian Peninsula and eventually to other parts of the world.

Explanation
During the Early Middle Ages, pollution did not occur. This period was marked by depopulation, deurbanization, and barbarian invasions, but pollution was not a significant issue during this time. The focus of society was more on survival and basic needs rather than industrialization or environmental concerns.

Explanation
World War II ended in 1945. This is the correct answer because it is a widely accepted fact that the war officially ended on September 2, 1945, when Japan formally surrendered, marking the end of the conflict. The year 1946 is incorrect as it is after the war had already ended. The years 1944 and 1943 are also incorrect as they are before the war had ended.

Explanation
The Cold War ended in 1991 because this was the year when the Soviet Union officially dissolved. The dissolution of the Soviet Union marked the end of the ideological conflict and tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, which had defined the Cold War era. This event led to significant geopolitical changes and the reconfiguration of global power dynamics.

Explanation
The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917. This was a period of political and social upheaval in Russia, resulting in the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of the Soviet Union. The revolution began in February 1917 with protests and strikes, leading to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. In October 1917, the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in a coup known as the October Revolution. This event marked a significant turning point in Russian history and had a profound impact on the world.

Explanation
Bill Clinton was the impeached president of the United States. In 1998, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice related to the Monica Lewinsky scandal. However, he was acquitted by the Senate in 1999 and remained in office until the end of his second term in 2001.

Explanation
France is the correct answer because it was not colonized by the British. France had its own colonial empire, which included territories in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The British, on the other hand, colonized several countries including the United States, Uganda, and Nigeria.

Explanation
During the time of colonialism, one of the major challenges faced by African-Americans was slavery. Slavery involved the forced labor and exploitation of African-Americans, who were treated as property and denied basic human rights. This system of slavery had a profound and lasting impact on African-American communities, resulting in generations of inequality, discrimination, and systemic racism. Slavery was a dehumanizing and oppressive institution that caused immense suffering and was a significant challenge faced by African-Americans during colonial times.

Explanation
The end of the Golden Age of Islam occurred in 1258. This period refers to the time when Islamic civilization flourished in various aspects such as science, art, literature, and philosophy. However, in 1258, the Mongols led by Hulagu Khan sacked the city of Baghdad, which was the center of the Abbasid Caliphate and a major hub of Islamic culture and learning. This event marked a significant decline in Islamic civilization and the end of the Golden Age.

Explanation
Communication is not an agent of civilization because it is a means or tool used by agents of civilization to facilitate the exchange of ideas, information, and knowledge. It plays a crucial role in the development and progress of civilizations by enabling the dissemination of information, fostering social interaction, and promoting cultural exchange. However, it is not an agent in itself as it relies on other agents such as transportation, industrialization, and mechanization to function effectively.