World History Grade 9 Final Exam Review

The correct answer is William Shakespeare, also known as Shakespeare. He is one of the most famous English dramatists and poets, known for his works such as Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.

Martin Luther is the correct answer because he is the historical figure who protested against the Catholic church with the 95-Theses. In 1517, Luther, a German monk and theologian, nailed his 95-Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany. These theses criticized various practices of the Catholic church, particularly the sale of indulgences, and sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther's actions challenged the authority of the Catholic church and led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity.

Joan of Arc was a French peasant girl who claimed to have received divine messages from saints, instructing her to join the battle against the English during the Hundred Years' War. She successfully led the French army to victory in several battles, including the lifting of the siege of Orléans. However, she was eventually captured by the English, accused of heresy, and executed. Joan of Arc's military successes and her tragic fate have made her a symbol of French nationalism and a revered figure in history.

The given information states that this person was a highly talented painter, writer, inventor, architect, and engineer. Additionally, they painted famous works such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Based on these details, the correct answer is Leonardo Da Vinci, as he was known for his diverse range of skills and for creating these renowned paintings.

Workers who were legally tied to the manor on which they worked are known as serfs. Serfs were a class of peasants in feudal society who were bound to the land and required to provide labor and other services to the lord of the manor in exchange for protection and the right to live on the land. They were not free to leave the manor without permission and their status was hereditary, meaning their children would also be serfs.

The Magna Carta was a document that outlined the rights of individuals and placed restrictions on the power of the King. It aimed to limit the authority of the government and the executive power, ensuring that individuals had certain rights and protections. The Magna Carta is considered a significant historical document that laid the foundation for the development of constitutional law and the protection of individual liberties.

The correct answer is Gothic style. The given description of "new church style featuring taller and brighter structures" matches the characteristics of the Gothic architectural style. Gothic architecture emerged in the Middle Ages and is known for its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and large stained glass windows, which allowed for taller and brighter buildings compared to the previous Romanesque style. The term "Gothic" is commonly used to refer to this specific architectural style.

Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant military leader who achieved many successes. He led the French into conquering much of Egypt by placing his relatives in power. However, he was ultimately defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, which led to his exile on the island of Elba.

A fief is a piece of land that is given to a knight as a reward for their service. It is a form of feudal tenure, where the knight becomes the vassal of a lord or monarch in exchange for the land. The fief granted to the knight allows them to generate income from the land, usually through agriculture or other means. This system of land grants played a crucial role in the feudal society, as it provided a means of rewarding and incentivizing knights to serve their lords.

The term "Holy Land" refers to Jerusalem and the surrounding area. It is considered holy because it holds significant religious importance for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This region is home to many sacred sites, such as the Western Wall, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the Dome of the Rock. People from different faiths often pilgrimage to the Holy Land to visit these sites and connect with their religious roots. The variations in capitalization ("holy land" and "The Holy Land") do not change the meaning; they all refer to the same place.

The correct answer is Michelangelo because he is the artist known for creating the works mentioned in the question. The Pieta and Mary and David are famous sculptures created by Michelangelo, and he also painted the artwork on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Leonardo Da Vinci and William Shakespeare were also renowned artists, but they were not responsible for these specific works.

Christopher Columbus is the correct answer because he was an Italian explorer who sailed for Spain and is credited with discovering the Americas in 1492. He was searching for a sea route from Europe to Asia when he stumbled upon the New World. This historic voyage opened up new trade routes and had a profound impact on the exploration and colonization of the Americas.

Marie Antoinette was the Queen of France who hailed from Austria. She was widely disliked by many people, which ultimately led to her being executed by the guillotine.

Charlemagne is the correct answer because he was the King of Franks who successfully united a significant portion of Europe, including France, Germany, and Northern Italy, under his rule. He established the Frankish Empire, which became known as the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne's influence and power were so significant that he was crowned as the Emperor of the Roman people, further solidifying his status as a powerful ruler in Europe during the medieval period.

The given answer, "3rd estate," refers to the 97% of the population that consists of bourgeoisie, sanculottes, and peasants. The term "estate" refers to the social classes in pre-revolutionary France. The 1st estate represents the clergy, the 2nd estate represents the nobility, and the 3rd estate represents the commoners. Since the majority of the population falls under the 3rd estate, it is the correct answer.

The given correct answer is "1st estate." In the context of the question, the 1st estate refers to the social class or group in society that is made up of the Roman Catholic Clergy. This term was commonly used during the time of the French Revolution to categorize and differentiate the various social classes in France. The 1st estate consisted of the clergy, who held significant power and influence in society.

During World War 1, the Allied powers consisted of Britain, France, and Russia. These countries formed an alliance to counter the Central powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The Allied powers were considered strong because they had a larger combined military force and resources compared to the Central powers. This alliance was crucial in shaping the outcome of the war, as it allowed the Allied powers to coordinate their efforts and support each other in various military campaigns.

Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the movable type. This invention revolutionized the printing industry by allowing for the mass production of books and other printed materials. Gutenberg's movable type system involved individual metal letters that could be rearranged and reused to create different texts. This innovation greatly increased the speed and efficiency of printing, making books more accessible and affordable. Gutenberg's contribution to printing technology had a profound impact on the dissemination of knowledge and the spread of literacy.

Heresy refers to beliefs that go against the official teachings of the church. It is a term used to describe ideas or doctrines that are considered to be deviant or contrary to the established religious beliefs. Heresy often leads to conflicts and disagreements within religious communities, as it challenges the authority and orthodoxy of the church.

An astrolabe is an instrument used in astronomy and navigation to determine the positions and movements of celestial bodies. It consists of a disk with various markings and a pivoting arm with a sighting device. By aligning the arm with a specific celestial object and reading the corresponding markings on the disk, astronomers and navigators can calculate the object's position and track its movement over time. The astrolabe was widely used during the medieval period and played a crucial role in celestial observations and calculations.

During World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire formed an alliance known as the Central Powers. This alliance was formed to counter the Allied Powers, which included countries such as France, Britain, and Russia. The Central Powers were considered strong powers as they had a significant military force and controlled a large portion of Europe and the Middle East. The alliance between these three countries allowed them to coordinate their military strategies and resources, making them a formidable force during the war.

The correct answer is the 2nd estate because it consisted of the nobility who made up only 2% of the population. They held key positions in the government and military, but paid few taxes compared to the 3rd estate.

A vassal is someone who accepted a fief, which refers to a piece of land granted to them by a lord in exchange for their loyalty and military service. This system was prevalent during medieval times, where vassals would pledge their allegiance to a higher-ranking lord and receive land in return. Therefore, the statement that a vassal is anyone who accepted a fief is true.

Maximilien Robespierre was a key figure in the French Revolution and played a significant role in the radicalization of the movement. He became the leader of the National Convention during a period known for its extreme violence and bloodshed, often referred to as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre advocated for the use of violence and the execution of perceived enemies of the revolution, which resulted in thousands of people being executed by the guillotine. His leadership during this time was marked by his uncompromising stance and his belief in the necessity of purging France of counter-revolutionary elements.

Hernan Cortes is the correct answer because he was a Spanish conquistador who played a significant role in the conquest of the Aztec Empire. He led an expedition to Mexico in the early 16th century and successfully defeated the Aztec Empire, ultimately conquering Mexico for Spain.

A flying buttress is a architectural structure that supports the walls of a church from the outside. By doing so, it allows for higher ceilings inside the church, as there is less need for internal columns to support the weight of the walls. This design element creates a more open and airy environment within the church, enhancing the overall aesthetic and functionality of the space.

Ferdinand Magellan is the correct answer because he was a Portuguese navigator who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe. He set sail from Spain in 1519 with five ships and successfully completed the journey, although he himself died during the voyage. Magellan's expedition proved that the Earth was round and significantly expanded the knowledge of the world's geography.

Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, a political treatise that expresses his opinions on how governments should rule. In this book, Machiavelli discusses various strategies and tactics that rulers can employ to maintain power and control. His ideas are often associated with the concept of "Machiavellianism," which emphasizes the use of cunning, manipulation, and even cruelty in politics. Machiavelli's work had a significant impact on political theory and continues to be studied and debated today.

Francisco Pizzaro is the correct answer because he was a Spanish conquistador who successfully conquered Peru and founded Lima. He is also known for his conquest of the Inca Empire. Hernan Cortes and Vasco da Gama were also famous explorers and conquerors, but they are not associated with the conquest of Peru and the Inca Empire.

During the Middle Ages, sculptures were often created with a flat, two-dimensional representation of space, lacking depth and realism. However, during the Gothic period, artists began to incorporate perspective into their sculptures. This involved creating a sense of depth and three-dimensionality by using techniques such as foreshortening and vanishing points. The introduction of perspective in sculptures allowed for a more realistic representation of space and added a sense of depth and dimension to the artwork.