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Transport a variety of nutrients
Help to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids.
Participate in the initiation of blood clotting.
Produce plasma hormones.
Help to regulate body temperature.
Lymphocytes
Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
Agranulocytes
Platelets
Less than 1%
47% to 63% 47% to 63%
25% to 37%
42% to 45%
37% to 52%
Glycogen
Fibrinogen
Glucose
Urea
Albumin
Albumin
Hemoglobin
Transferrin
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
Severe liver failure
A diet predominantly based on red meat
Starvation
An extremely low-protein diet
Hypoproteinemia
Insulin
Creatine
Bilirubin
Albumin
Creatinine
Fibrinogen
Nitrogenous wastes
Platelets
Glucose
Albumin
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
There is hyperproteinemia.
The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high
Hematocrit is high.
There is a dietary protein deficiency.
Thymus
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
Liver
Fibrin
Albumin
Sodium
Erythrocytes
Nitrogenous wastes
Defend the body against pathogens.
Initiate blood clotting.
Regulate erythropoiesis
Transport nutrients.
Transport some carbon dioxide.
The plasma membrane of erythrocytes.
Alpha chains in hemoglobin.
Beta chains in hemoglobin.
Delta chains in hemoglobin.
Heme groups in hemoglobin.
It would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplit would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
It would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
It would significantly increase blood osmolarity
It would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure
Increased hypoxemia
Increased blood osmolarity
Increased RBC production
Increased blood viscosity
Increased hematocrit
Stomach and small intestine
Spleen and liver
Red bone marrow
Lymph nodes and thymus
Stomach and liver
Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow.
Iron deficiency
Dehydration
Emphysema
Excessive aerobic exercise
High altitude
Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
Renal disease
Smoking
Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia
Blood viscosity is increased
The individual is lethargic
Blood osmolarity is reduced
Blood resistance to flow is reduced
More fluid transfers from the bloodstream to the intercellular spaces.
Biliverdin
Bilirubin
Globin
Heme
Iron
A self-amplifying mechanism
An enzymatic amplification
A positive feedback loop.
A negative feedback loop.
A cascade effect
Vitamin C
Iron
Vitamin B12
EPO secretion
Folic acid
Caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin
A hereditary hemoglobin defect.
Advantageous to protect carriers against malaria
A cause of malaria
A cause of amenia
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Antibodies
Antigen-antibody complexes
Agglutinins
O; AB
AB; O
A; B
B; A
O; O