AP Biology Test #1 Ecology, Plants, Animal Behavior
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Tapeworms live, eat, and reproduce inside the human digestive tract, robbing the host of nutrients
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Parasitism
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Commensalism
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Mutualism
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Interspecific competition
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Intraspecific competition
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Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST answer from the choices given.
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- 2.
Young ducklings first see a researchers red boots and then begin to follow him around. What kind of behavior are the ducklings demonstrating?
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Imprinting
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Habituation
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Insight
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Trial-and-error
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Classical conditioning
Correct Answer
A. ImprintingExplanation
The behavior that the ducklings are demonstrating is imprinting. Imprinting is a type of learning where young animals form a strong attachment to the first moving object they see after hatching or being born. In this case, the ducklings are seeing the researcher's red boots and are following him around, indicating that they have imprinted on him as their caregiver or parent figure.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The structure labelled A in the leaf cross-section above is
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Epidermis with cuticle
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Vascular bundles
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Spongy mesophyll
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Palisade parenchyma
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Stomata with guard cells
Correct Answer
A. Epidermis with cuticleExplanation
The structure labelled A in the leaf cross-section is the epidermis with cuticle. The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells in the leaf, and it serves as a protective barrier. The cuticle is a waxy layer on the surface of the epidermis that helps reduce water loss. Together, the epidermis with cuticle plays a crucial role in preventing excessive water loss and protecting the leaf from external damage.Rate this question:
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- 4.
All of the following are learned behaviors EXCEPT:
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Trial-and-error
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Association
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Conditioning
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Instinct
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Habituation
Correct Answer
A. InstinctExplanation
Instinct is not a learned behavior but rather an innate or natural behavior that is present from birth. Unlike other options such as trial-and-error, association, conditioning, and habituation, which are all learned behaviors that develop through experience and interaction with the environment, instinctive behaviors are instinctual and do not require prior learning or experience.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following levels of organization includes all of the others?
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Population
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Ecosystem
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Community
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Organism
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Habitat
Correct Answer
A. EcosystemExplanation
An ecosystem includes all of the other levels of organization. A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. A community refers to all the populations of different species living in the same area. An organism refers to an individual living thing. A habitat refers to the specific environment where an organism lives. An ecosystem, on the other hand, encompasses all of these levels by including all the living organisms (populations, communities, and organisms) as well as the non-living factors (habitat) and the interactions between them.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following types of chemicals released into the air by female gypsy moths and female silk moths attract males of their respective moth species?
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Ecdysones
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Pheromones
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Auxins
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Phytotoxins
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Neuotransmitters
Correct Answer
A. PheromonesExplanation
Female gypsy moths and female silk moths release chemicals called pheromones into the air to attract males of their respective moth species. Pheromones are specific chemical signals that are used for communication between individuals of the same species. In this case, the female moths release pheromones to signal their presence and availability to potential mates. These pheromones are detected by the male moths, who are then attracted to the female and can locate her for mating.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following best describes opportunistic, or r-stategy, organisms
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They reach sexual maturity rapidly.
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They reach their adult size slowly.
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They attain a large body size.
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They live fora long time.
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The size if their population remains fairly constant.
Correct Answer
A. They reach sexual maturity rapidly.Explanation
Opportunistic, or r-strategy, organisms are characterized by their ability to reproduce quickly and reach sexual maturity at a rapid rate. This means that they can produce a large number of offspring in a short period of time, allowing them to take advantage of favorable conditions or resources. These organisms prioritize quantity over quality when it comes to reproduction, as they have a shorter lifespan and invest less energy in each individual offspring. This strategy allows them to maximize their chances of survival and successful reproduction in unpredictable or unstable environments.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel venation, and a seed with a single cotyledon is probably a
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Corn plant
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Fern
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Fir tree
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Pine tree
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Pea plant
Correct Answer
A. Corn plantExplanation
A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel venation, and a seed with a single cotyledon is probably a corn plant. Corn plants have fibrous root systems, which means they have many small roots that spread out in different directions. The leaves of corn plants have parallel venation, meaning the veins in the leaves run parallel to each other. Lastly, corn plants have seeds with a single cotyledon, which is a structure that provides nutrients to the developing plant embryo. Therefore, based on these characteristics, the correct answer is corn plant.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In the hydrological cycle, plants transfer most of their water to the environment through
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Photosynthesis
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Respiration
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Denitrification
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Nitrification
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Transpiration
Correct Answer
A. TranspirationExplanation
Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through small openings in their leaves called stomata. During transpiration, water is taken up by the roots and transported to the leaves, where it evaporates and exits the plant. This process helps to regulate the plant's temperature, transport nutrients, and maintain the plant's structure. Therefore, transpiration is the correct answer as it describes how plants transfer most of their water to the environment.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Barnacles that live on the backs of whales represent
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Parasitism
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Commensalism
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Mutualism
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Interspecific competition
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Intraspecific competition
Correct Answer
A. CommensalismExplanation
Barnacles that live on the backs of whales represent commensalism because they benefit from the relationship by attaching themselves to the whale's body and gaining protection and access to food particles carried by the whale's movements. However, the whale is not affected positively or negatively by the presence of the barnacles.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Promotes cell growth in plants
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Chitin
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Cutin
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Gibberellin
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Secretin
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Suberin
Correct Answer
A. GibberellinExplanation
Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell growth in plants. It plays a crucial role in regulating various developmental processes such as seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. By stimulating cell division and elongation, gibberellin helps plants to grow taller and develop larger leaves and fruits. It also helps in breaking dormancy of seeds and promoting their germination. Overall, gibberellin is essential for the overall growth and development of plants.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The amount of energy lost during the transfer of energy from one trophic level of a pyramid of energy to the next higher trophic level is, on average, about
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90%
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75%
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60%
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50%
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25%
Correct Answer
A. 90%Explanation
The correct answer is 90%. In a pyramid of energy, energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level. However, not all of the energy is transferred successfully. Energy is lost at each transfer due to inefficiencies in energy conversion and metabolic processes. On average, about 90% of the energy is lost during this transfer, meaning only 10% of the energy is available for the next trophic level. This loss of energy is due to factors such as heat loss, respiration, and incomplete digestion.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following tissue types does NOT occur in plants?
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Parenchyma tissue
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Ground tissue
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Adipose tissue
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Dermal tissue
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Vascular tissue
Correct Answer
A. Adipose tissueExplanation
Adipose tissue is the correct answer because it is a type of connective tissue that is found only in animals, not in plants. Adipose tissue is responsible for storing fat and providing insulation and cushioning in animals, whereas plants do not have a need for this type of tissue. Plants have other types of tissues such as parenchyma, ground, dermal, and vascular tissues that serve different functions in their structure and growth.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Toads in the particular population vary in size. A scientist observes that in this population, large males mate with females significantly more often than small males do. All the following are plausible hypotheses to explain this observation EXCEPT:
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Females select large males more often than they select small males as mates.
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Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males.
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Large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are.
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Large males occupy more breeding territory than small males do.
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The calls produced by large males are more attractive to females than the calls made by small males.
Correct Answer
A. Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males.Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the observation states that large males mate with females significantly more often than small males do. This suggests that females are not selecting large males more often than small males as mates, as stated in the first hypothesis. Instead, the observation suggests that large males are more successful in competing for mates, occupy more breeding territory, and produce more attractive calls, which are all factors that contribute to their increased mating success. Therefore, the hypothesis that small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males is not supported by the observation.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The structure labelled C above is
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Epidermis with cuticle
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Vascular bundles
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Spongy mesophyll
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Palisade parenchyma
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Stomata with guard cells
Correct Answer
A. Vascular bundlesExplanation
The structure labelled C is the vascular bundles. Vascular bundles are specialized tissues in plants that contain xylem and phloem, which are responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. These bundles are typically found in the stems, leaves, and roots of plants. They play a crucial role in providing support to the plant and facilitating the movement of essential substances.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Pillbugs are terrestrial isopods that use modified gills for respiration. A scientist prepares a "choice chamber" that consists of a dry area seperated from but connected to a damp area. Ten pillbugs are put into each area. During the next 30 minutes, the scientist observes that the pillbugs put into the dry chamber migrate to the damp chamber. The pilbugs that were put into the damp chamber randomly move within the damp chamber, slowing as time progresses. What kind of behavior was demonstrated by the pillbugs that were put into the dry chamber and who migrated to the damp chamber?
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Conditioning
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Kinesis
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Imprinting
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Taxis
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Habituation
Correct Answer
A. TaxisExplanation
The behavior demonstrated by the pillbugs that were put into the dry chamber and migrated to the damp chamber is taxis. Taxis refers to the directed movement of an organism towards or away from a particular stimulus. In this case, the pillbugs are exhibiting positive taxis by moving towards the damp chamber, which provides a more favorable environment for their respiration.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the last to occur?
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Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve
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Initiation of cell division in the root meristem
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Emergence of the root
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Expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves
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Imbibition of water by the seed
Correct Answer
A. Expansion and greening of the first foliage leavesExplanation
The expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves will be the last to occur in the development of a seedling. This is because before the leaves can expand and turn green, several other processes need to take place. First, the imbibition of water by the seed occurs, which allows the seed to absorb water and swell. Then, the initiation of cell division in the root meristem takes place, leading to the growth and development of the root system. After that, the root emerges from the seed and starts to grow downwards into the soil. Finally, the initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve occurs, providing the necessary nutrients for the seedling to develop. Only after all these processes have taken place, the first foliage leaves can expand and turn green.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The plant cells responsible for the increase in the length of roots are located in the
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Apical meristem
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Vascular cambium
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Cork cambium
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Secondary xylem
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Primary xylem
Correct Answer
A. Apical meristemExplanation
The apical meristem is responsible for the increase in the length of roots. This is because the apical meristem is a region of actively dividing cells located at the tip of the root. These cells undergo cell division and differentiation, leading to the growth and elongation of the root. The apical meristem produces new cells that differentiate into various types of root tissues, allowing the root to grow longer. The vascular cambium, cork cambium, secondary xylem, and primary xylem are not involved in the lengthening of roots.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In general, as ecological succession progresses from early to middle stages,
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Biomass increases and species diversity increases
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Biomass increases and species diversity decreases
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Biomass remains constant and species diversity increases
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Biomass decreases and species diversity decreases
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Biomass decreases and species diversity increases
Correct Answer
A. Biomass increases and species diversity increasesExplanation
As ecological succession progresses from early to middle stages, biomass increases and species diversity increases. This is because as the ecosystem becomes more established and stable, more plants and organisms are able to thrive and contribute to the overall biomass. Additionally, as different species colonize the area, the diversity of species also increases. This is because different species have different adaptations and requirements, leading to a greater variety of organisms coexisting in the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 20.
During courtship a male Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly will vibrate his wings, tap the female with his forelegs, and extend one wing out at 90 degrees from his body. These behaviors are:
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The result of operant conditioning
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The result of classical conditioning
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The result of imprinting
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The result of insight
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Innate
Correct Answer
A. InnateExplanation
The given behaviors of a male Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly during courtship, such as vibrating wings, tapping the female with forelegs, and extending one wing out at 90 degrees, are innate. This means that these behaviors are instinctive and do not require any learning or conditioning. They are naturally programmed in the fly's genetic makeup and are a part of its natural courtship behavior.Rate this question:
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- 21.
For questions 74-78 use the Graph labelled B from your teacher. How many individuals are at point II?
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500
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1000
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1200
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800
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None
Correct Answer
A. 1200 -
- 22.
All of the following are associated with members of a species with a K-selected life history strategy EXCEPT:
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They have few offspring.
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They have a long life.
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They require a long period of time to reach reproductive maturity.
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There is little or no parental care.
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Population growth approximates the logistic growth model.
Correct Answer
A. There is little or no parental care.Explanation
K-selected species are characterized by having few offspring, a long life, and a long period of time to reach reproductive maturity. They also exhibit population growth that approximates the logistic growth model. However, they are known for providing significant parental care to their offspring. Therefore, the answer "There is little or no parental care" is not associated with members of a species with a K-selected life history strategy.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following describes the activity after the potato is immersed in the water?
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Water moves from the potato into the surrounding water.
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Water moves from the surrounding water into the potato.
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Potato cells plasmolyze.
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Solutes in the water move into the potato.
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There is no movement of water into or out of the potato.
Correct Answer
A. Water moves from the surrounding water into the potato.Explanation
After the potato is immersed in water, the water moves from the surrounding water into the potato. This is because of osmosis, where water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (surrounding water) to an area of higher solute concentration (potato). The potato cells have a higher solute concentration than the surrounding water, causing water to move into the potato cells, leading to their expansion and hydration.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The most fit individual in a population is defined as
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The strongest individual
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The individual with an appearance most attractive to the opposite sex
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The individual who produces the greatest number of fertile offspring
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The individual who is able to acquire the most food
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The individual who lives the longest
Correct Answer
A. The individual who produces the greatest number of fertile offspringExplanation
The most fit individual in a population is defined as the individual who produces the greatest number of fertile offspring. This is because the ultimate goal of any organism is to pass on its genes to the next generation, and the number of offspring that survive and reproduce successfully is a measure of an individual's fitness. The more fertile offspring an individual produces, the greater its genetic contribution to future generations and the higher its fitness level in the population.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What kind of behavior was demonstrated by the pillbugs that were put in the damp chamber and remained in the chamber
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Conditioning
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Kinesis
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Imprinting
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Taxis
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Habituation
Correct Answer
A. KinesisExplanation
Kinesis refers to a non-directional, random movement in response to a stimulus. In this case, the pillbugs demonstrated kinesis by moving randomly within the damp chamber. They did not exhibit any specific movement towards or away from the stimulus, but rather their movement was influenced by the presence of the damp environment.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Digger wasps dig holes in the ground to serve as nests for their eggs and larvae. If nearby landmarks, such as pinecones or rocks, are moved, the wasp is unable to find the nest to deliver food to her larvae. This behavior indicates that the wasp is using which of the following to locate her nest.
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Imprinting
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Insight
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Spatial learning
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Operant conditioning
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Classical conditioning
Correct Answer
A. Spatial learningExplanation
The behavior of the wasp, where it is unable to find the nest if nearby landmarks are moved, suggests that it is using spatial learning to locate its nest. Spatial learning refers to the ability of an animal to learn and remember the spatial layout of its environment. In this case, the wasp is relying on the fixed location of landmarks to navigate and find its nest.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The picture below shows a cross-section of a
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Monocot stem
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Monocot root
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Dicot stem
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Dicot root
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Dicot stemExplanation
The picture shows a cross-section of a dicot stem because it exhibits the characteristic arrangement of vascular bundles in a ring-like pattern. Dicot stems have a distinct arrangement of xylem and phloem tissues, with the xylem forming an inner ring and the phloem forming an outer ring. This is clearly visible in the given picture, indicating that it is a dicot stem.Rate this question:
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- 28.
All of the following are true for the ascent of water from roots to leaves of tall trees EXCEPT:
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Movement of water up the stem occurs by bulk flow.
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Movement of water up the stem occurs within xylem cells.
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Adhesion of water molecules to the walls of transporting cells supports the water column.
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Cohesion of water molecules by hydrogen bonding maintains water movement.
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Air bubbles aid in the movement of water.
Correct Answer
A. Air bubbles aid in the movement of water.Explanation
The correct answer is "Air bubbles aid in the movement of water." This statement is false because air bubbles do not aid in the movement of water in tall trees. In fact, the presence of air bubbles can disrupt the continuous water column and hinder the movement of water. The ascent of water from roots to leaves in tall trees primarily occurs through the process of transpiration, where water is pulled up through the xylem vessels by the cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Seeds are produced by all of the following EXCEPT:
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Ferns
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Angiosperms
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Gymnosperms
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Flowering plants
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Conifers
Correct Answer
A. FernsExplanation
Ferns do not produce seeds. Unlike angiosperms, gymnosperms, flowering plants, and conifers, ferns reproduce through spores instead of seeds. Spores are single-celled reproductive structures that develop into new fern plants. Therefore, ferns are the only option among the given choices that do not produce seeds.Rate this question:
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- 30.
A researcher combined cultures of two species of paramecium. All individuals of one of these species die after 20 days.
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Competitive exclusion principle
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Intraspecific competition
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Realized niche
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Resource partitioning
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Character displacement
Correct Answer
A. Competitive exclusion principleExplanation
The competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the same limited resources cannot coexist indefinitely. In this case, the researcher combined cultures of two species of paramecium, and after 20 days, all individuals of one species died. This suggests that the two species were competing for the same resources, and one species outcompeted the other, leading to its extinction. Therefore, the correct answer is the competitive exclusion principle.Rate this question:
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- 31.
In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the first to occur?
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Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve
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Initiation of cell division in the root meristem
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Emergence of the root
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Expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves
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Imbibition of water by the seed
Correct Answer
A. Imbibition of water by the seedExplanation
In the development of a seedling, the first step is the imbibition of water by the seed. Imbibition is the process by which the seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and initiate metabolic activities. This process is crucial as it activates enzymes and begins the germination process. Once the seed has imbibed water, it can proceed to other developmental stages such as the initiation of cell division, emergence of the root, expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves, and initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because the
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Processes of pollination and fertilization occur in the soil
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Pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs
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Eggs develop without sperm by parthenogenesis
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Eggs have a structure that aids in their dispersal by wind
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Sperm contain large amounts of cytoplasm
Correct Answer
A. Pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggsExplanation
Flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs. This process, known as pollination, allows for the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organs to the female reproductive organs of the flower. The pollen tubes, which are extensions of the pollen grains, grow down through the style of the flower and deliver the sperm cells to the eggs located in the ovary. This mechanism enables fertilization to occur even in dry conditions, as it bypasses the need for water as a medium for sperm to swim to the eggs.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The structure labelled B above is
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Epidermis with cuticle
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Vascular bundles
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Spongy mesophyll
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Palisade parenchyma
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Stomata with guard cells
Correct Answer
A. Palisade parenchymaExplanation
The structure labelled B is the palisade parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma is a layer of elongated cells found in the upper part of the leaf. These cells contain a large number of chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. The palisade parenchyma is involved in the absorption of light energy and the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose. It is also responsible for the majority of the photosynthetic activity in the leaf.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The picture below shows a cross-section of a
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Monocot stem
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Monocot root
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Dicot stem
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Dicot root
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Monocot stemExplanation
The given picture shows a cross-section of a monocot stem. This can be determined by observing the arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem. Monocot stems have scattered or scattered ring-like arrangement of vascular bundles, whereas dicot stems have a ring-like arrangement of vascular bundles. Additionally, monocot stems typically have a uniform thickness throughout, while dicot stems often have a distinct pith in the center. Therefore, based on the characteristics observed in the picture, the correct answer is monocot stem.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Cell types of the phloem tissue include
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Sieve tube members and companion cells
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Tracheids and vessel elements
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Tracheids and companion cells
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Fibers and sclerids
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Fibers and companion cells
Correct Answer
A. Sieve tube members and companion cellsExplanation
The correct answer is "sieve tube members and companion cells." The phloem tissue is responsible for the transport of sugars and other organic nutrients in plants. Sieve tube members are elongated cells that form the main conducting elements of the phloem. They are arranged end to end to form sieve tubes, which allow the flow of sap. Companion cells are specialized cells that are closely associated with sieve tube members and provide them with metabolic support. Together, sieve tube members and companion cells form the cell types of the phloem tissue.Rate this question:
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- 36.
All of the following promote cell growth in plants EXCEPT:
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Auxin
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Gibberellin
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Cytokinin
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Abscisic acid (ABA)
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Indoleacetic acid (IAA)
Correct Answer
A. Abscisic acid (ABA)Explanation
The correct answer is abscisic acid (ABA). Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits cell growth and promotes dormancy. In contrast, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) are plant hormones that promote cell growth and development.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The major reservoirs for phosphorus are
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Plants and animals
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Detritus and decomposing microorganisms
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Rain and fresh water
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Terrestrial rocks and ocean sediments
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Volcanic activity and the atmosphere
Correct Answer
A. Terrestrial rocks and ocean sedimentsExplanation
Terrestrial rocks and ocean sediments are the major reservoirs for phosphorus. Phosphorus is released into the environment through weathering of rocks and erosion, which then accumulates in terrestrial rocks and ocean sediments over time. This reservoir is important for the phosphorus cycle as it acts as a long-term storage for the nutrient. Plants and animals, detritus and decomposing microorganisms, rain and fresh water, as well as volcanic activity and the atmosphere, may play roles in the phosphorus cycle, but they are not the primary reservoirs for phosphorus.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Forms a water-impenetrable barrier on the surface of leaves.
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Chitin
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Cutin
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Gibberellin
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Secretin
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Suberin
Correct Answer
A. CutinExplanation
Cutin is a waxy substance that forms a water-impenetrable barrier on the surface of leaves. This barrier helps to prevent excessive water loss through evaporation and protects the leaves from damage caused by pathogens or environmental factors. Cutin is a major component of the cuticle, which is the outermost layer of the epidermis in plants. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of the plant's aerial surfaces, allowing them to withstand various stresses and maintain their overall health.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Root hairs occur on
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Epidermal cells in the zone of cell division
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Epidermal cells in the zone of maturation
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Parenchyma cells in the zone of elongation
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Parenchyma cells in the zone of maturation
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Cells of the root cap
Correct Answer
A. Epidermal cells in the zone of maturationExplanation
Root hairs are tiny, finger-like projections that extend from the epidermal cells of a plant's root. They increase the surface area of the root, allowing for better absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The zone of maturation is the region of the root where the cells differentiate into their specialized forms. Therefore, it is in this zone that the epidermal cells develop root hairs. The other options, such as the zone of cell division or the cells of the root cap, are not where root hairs are typically found.Rate this question:
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- 40.
How much water did Treatment C lose in the time interval from 20 to 30 minutes
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0 mL/m2
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16 mL/m2
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20 mL/m2
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30 mL/m2
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Unable to determine from the graph
Correct Answer
A. 0 mL/m2 -
- 41.
The picture below shows a cross-section of a
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Monocot stem
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Monocot root
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Dicot stem
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Dicot root
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Monocot rootExplanation
The correct answer is monocot root. This can be determined by examining the cross-section of the stem. Monocot stems typically have scattered vascular bundles, while dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Since the picture shows a cross-section of a root with scattered vascular bundles, it is most likely a monocot root.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Female Belding's ground squirrels are social animals that sound alarm calls to warn members of their extended family of the approach of a predator. The alarm call behavior benefits the group as a whole but is a risk to the caller because the alarm attracts attention of the predator. A squirrel that produces an alarm call is displaying which of the following?
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Dominance
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Territoriality
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Agonistic behavior
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Submissive behavior
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Altruistic behavior
Correct Answer
A. Altruistic behaviorExplanation
Female Belding's ground squirrels that sound alarm calls to warn their extended family members of predators are displaying altruistic behavior. Altruistic behavior refers to actions that benefit others at a cost to oneself. In this case, the squirrel is putting itself at risk by attracting the predator's attention, but it benefits the group as a whole by warning them of the danger. This behavior is selfless and demonstrates concern for the well-being of others in the group.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Two species of barnacles live on rocks in the intertidal zone. Each species can occupy the entire intertidal zone in the absence of the other species. When both are present, one species occupies the lower two-thirds of the zone, while the other species occupies the upper one-third of the zone.
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Competitive exclusion principle
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Intraspecific competition
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Realized niche
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Resource partitioning
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Character displacement
Correct Answer
A. Realized nicheExplanation
In this scenario, the concept of realized niche is the most appropriate explanation. The realized niche refers to the actual ecological role and resources that a species occupies when it coexists with other species. In this case, both barnacle species have the potential to occupy the entire intertidal zone, but due to the presence of each other, they have partitioned the zone into different portions. One species occupies the lower two-thirds, and the other species occupies the upper one-third, indicating the realized niche of each species in the presence of competition.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The structure of the seed and seeding that stores food for the embryo an seeding is called the:
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Apical meristem
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Plumule
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Hypocotyl
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Cotyledon
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Coleoptile
Correct Answer
A. CotyledonExplanation
The cotyledon is the correct answer because it is the structure of the seed and seeding that stores food for the embryo. Cotyledons are often referred to as "seed leaves" and they provide nutrients to the developing plant until it can produce its own food through photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following describes a correct order of events for the germination and early growth of a dicotyledon seedling?
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Cotyledon digestion---imbibition---root growth---shoot growth
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Imbibition---cotyledon digestion---root growth---shoot growth
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Cotyledon digestion---root growth---shoot growth---imbibition
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Root growth---shoot growth---cotyledon digestion---imbibition
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Cotyledon digestion---imbibition---shoot growth---root growth
Correct Answer
A. Imbibition---cotyledon digestion---root growth---shoot growth -
- 46.
Cell types of xylem tissue include
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Tracheids and vessel elements
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Tracheids and companion cells
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Sieve tube members and companion cells
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Parenchyma and chlorenchyma
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Fibers and companion cells
Correct Answer
A. Tracheids and vessel elementsExplanation
Tracheids and vessel elements are both cell types found in xylem tissue. Tracheids are long, narrow cells with tapered ends that are responsible for water transport and mechanical support. Vessel elements, on the other hand, are wider and shorter cells that are arranged end-to-end to form vessels. These vessels provide a more efficient pathway for water transport. Together, tracheids and vessel elements make up the two main cell types in xylem tissue, allowing for the transport of water and minerals throughout the plant.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following plant hormones inhibit growth?
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Abscisic acid
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Auxin
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Cytokinin
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Ethylene
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Gibberellin
Correct Answer
A. Abscisic acidExplanation
Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth. It plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and inhibition of shoot elongation. When plants are under stress, abscisic acid levels increase, leading to a reduction in growth and development. Therefore, abscisic acid acts as a growth inhibitor in plants.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following describes the mechanism by which a plant stem grows toward light?
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The plant seeks light in order to maximize photosynthesis.
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Nervelike impulses stimulate contractile cells on the lighted side of the stem.
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Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side.
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The plant grows into an open area where its leaves will not be shaded by competing plants.
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The greater energy supply on the lighter side of the stem stimulates metabolism and growth on that side
Correct Answer
A. Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side.Explanation
The correct answer is that cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side. This is known as phototropism, which is the growth response of plants towards light. In response to light, the hormone auxin accumulates on the shaded side of the stem, causing the cells on that side to elongate more than the cells on the lighted side. This uneven growth results in the stem bending towards the light source.Rate this question:
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- 49.
On average, social behavior
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Increases the number of deaths
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Increases agonistic behavior
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Increase individual fitness
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Decreases the amount of available food
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Decreases group survival
Correct Answer
A. Increase individual fitnessExplanation
Social behavior can increase an individual's fitness because it often involves cooperation and mutual support among group members. By working together, individuals can increase their chances of survival, reproduction, and overall fitness. Social behavior can also provide benefits such as protection from predators, access to resources, and assistance in raising offspring. Therefore, engaging in social behavior can ultimately enhance an individual's fitness and contribute to their overall reproductive success.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 04, 2010Quiz Created by
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