AP Biology Test #1 Ecology, Plants, Animal Behavior
(226).jpg "AP Biology Test #1 Ecology, Plants, Animal Behavior - Quiz")
Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST answer from the choices given.
- 1.
The plant cells responsible for the increase in the length of roots are located in the
- A.
Apical meristem
- B.
Vascular cambium
- C.
Cork cambium
- D.
Secondary xylem
- E.
Primary xylem
Correct Answer
A. Apical meristemExplanation
The apical meristem is responsible for the increase in the length of roots. This is because the apical meristem is a region of actively dividing cells located at the tip of the root. These cells undergo cell division and differentiation, leading to the growth and elongation of the root. The apical meristem produces new cells that differentiate into various types of root tissues, allowing the root to grow longer. The vascular cambium, cork cambium, secondary xylem, and primary xylem are not involved in the lengthening of roots.Rate this question:
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- 2.
In the hydrological cycle, plants transfer most of their water to the environment through
- A.
Photosynthesis
- B.
Respiration
- C.
Denitrification
- D.
Nitrification
- E.
Transpiration
Correct Answer
E. TranspirationExplanation
Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through small openings in their leaves called stomata. During transpiration, water is taken up by the roots and transported to the leaves, where it evaporates and exits the plant. This process helps to regulate the plant's temperature, transport nutrients, and maintain the plant's structure. Therefore, transpiration is the correct answer as it describes how plants transfer most of their water to the environment.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following describes a correct order of events for the germination and early growth of a dicotyledon seedling?
- A.
Cotyledon digestion---imbibition---root growth---shoot growth
- B.
Imbibition---cotyledon digestion---root growth---shoot growth
- C.
Cotyledon digestion---root growth---shoot growth---imbibition
- D.
Root growth---shoot growth---cotyledon digestion---imbibition
- E.
Cotyledon digestion---imbibition---shoot growth---root growth
Correct Answer
B. Imbibition---cotyledon digestion---root growth---shoot growth -
- 4.
The most fit individual in a population is defined as
- A.
The strongest individual
- B.
The individual with an appearance most attractive to the opposite sex
- C.
The individual who produces the greatest number of fertile offspring
- D.
The individual who is able to acquire the most food
- E.
The individual who lives the longest
Correct Answer
C. The individual who produces the greatest number of fertile offspringExplanation
The most fit individual in a population is defined as the individual who produces the greatest number of fertile offspring. This is because the ultimate goal of any organism is to pass on its genes to the next generation, and the number of offspring that survive and reproduce successfully is a measure of an individual's fitness. The more fertile offspring an individual produces, the greater its genetic contribution to future generations and the higher its fitness level in the population.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following nutrients most commonly limits plant growth?
- A.
Calcium
- B.
Carbon
- C.
Nitrogen
- D.
Phosphorous
- E.
Potassium
Correct Answer
D. PhosphorousExplanation
Phosphorous is the correct answer because it is an essential nutrient for plants and is involved in various metabolic processes such as energy transfer, photosynthesis, and DNA synthesis. Phosphorous is often found in limited quantities in soil, making it the most commonly limiting nutrient for plant growth. Without sufficient phosphorous, plants may exhibit stunted growth, reduced root development, and poor flowering or fruiting.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All of the following structures or mechanisms have contributed to the ability of plants to make the transition from water to land EXCEPT:
- A.
A cuticle
- B.
A vascular system
- C.
Seasonal dormancy
- D.
Wind pollination
- E.
Flagellated sperm
Correct Answer
E. Flagellated spermExplanation
Plants have evolved various structures and mechanisms to adapt to life on land. A cuticle is a waxy layer that helps plants retain water and protect against desiccation. A vascular system allows for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. Seasonal dormancy is a survival strategy that allows plants to conserve energy during unfavorable conditions. Wind pollination is a method for plants to reproduce by dispersing pollen through the air. However, flagellated sperm is a feature found in some aquatic plants but not in land plants, as they have evolved other methods of fertilization. Therefore, flagellated sperm is the correct answer as it does not contribute to the ability of plants to transition from water to land.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which is found within the unfertilized, mature embryo sac of a flowering plant?
- A.
The egg
- B.
The microspore mother cell
- C.
The endosperm
- D.
The fruit
- E.
The seed
Correct Answer
A. The eggExplanation
The correct answer is the egg. The unfertilized, mature embryo sac of a flowering plant contains the egg, which is the female reproductive cell. The egg is fertilized by the sperm during pollination, leading to the development of the seed and eventually the fruit of the plant. The endosperm, on the other hand, is a tissue that provides nourishment to the developing embryo within the seed.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Cell types of the phloem tissue include
- A.
Sieve tube members and companion cells
- B.
Tracheids and vessel elements
- C.
Tracheids and companion cells
- D.
Fibers and sclerids
- E.
Fibers and companion cells
Correct Answer
A. Sieve tube members and companion cellsExplanation
The correct answer is "sieve tube members and companion cells." The phloem tissue is responsible for the transport of sugars and other organic nutrients in plants. Sieve tube members are elongated cells that form the main conducting elements of the phloem. They are arranged end to end to form sieve tubes, which allow the flow of sap. Companion cells are specialized cells that are closely associated with sieve tube members and provide them with metabolic support. Together, sieve tube members and companion cells form the cell types of the phloem tissue.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Lichens represent
- A.
Parasitism
- B.
Commensalism
- C.
Mutualism
- D.
Interspecific competition
- E.
Intraspecific competition
Correct Answer
C. MutualismExplanation
Lichens represent mutualism because they are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium. The fungus provides a protected environment and nutrients for the alga or cyanobacterium, while the alga or cyanobacterium provides food through photosynthesis. Both organisms benefit from this relationship, making it a mutualistic interaction.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Tapeworms live, eat, and reproduce inside the human digestive tract, robbing the host of nutrients
- A.
Parasitism
- B.
Commensalism
- C.
Mutualism
- D.
Interspecific competition
- E.
Intraspecific competition
Correct Answer
A. ParasitismExplanation
Parasitism is the correct answer because tapeworms live, eat, and reproduce inside the human digestive tract, which indicates a relationship where one organism benefits (the tapeworm) while the other organism (the human host) is harmed. This type of relationship is characteristic of parasitism, where the parasite benefits at the expense of the host by robbing it of nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In deserts, where water is scarce, individuals of creosote bush rarely grow more closely than five meters from eachother
- A.
Parasitism
- B.
Commensalism
- C.
Mutualism
- D.
Interspecific competition
- E.
Intraspecific competition
Correct Answer
E. Intraspecific competitionExplanation
The given statement suggests that individuals of creosote bush rarely grow more closely than five meters from each other in deserts where water is scarce. This indicates that the individuals of the same species (intraspecific) are competing for limited resources, such as water, in the desert environment. Therefore, the correct answer is intraspecific competition, which refers to the competition among individuals of the same species for resources.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Barnacles that live on the backs of whales represent
- A.
Parasitism
- B.
Commensalism
- C.
Mutualism
- D.
Interspecific competition
- E.
Intraspecific competition
Correct Answer
B. CommensalismExplanation
Barnacles that live on the backs of whales represent commensalism because they benefit from the relationship by attaching themselves to the whale's body and gaining protection and access to food particles carried by the whale's movements. However, the whale is not affected positively or negatively by the presence of the barnacles.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In the biogeochemical cycle for carbon, carbon passes from inorganic to organic form through the process of
- A.
Ammonification
- B.
Cellular respiration
- C.
Decay
- D.
Photosynthesis
- E.
Transpiration
Correct Answer
D. PhotosynthesisExplanation
Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants and other organisms convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic compounds, such as glucose. During photosynthesis, carbon is fixed into organic form, allowing it to be utilized by other organisms in the ecosystem. This process is essential for the carbon cycle as it transfers carbon from the inorganic form to the organic form, contributing to the overall balance of carbon in the environment.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Cell types of xylem tissue include
- A.
Tracheids and vessel elements
- B.
Tracheids and companion cells
- C.
Sieve tube members and companion cells
- D.
Parenchyma and chlorenchyma
- E.
Fibers and companion cells
Correct Answer
A. Tracheids and vessel elementsExplanation
Tracheids and vessel elements are both cell types found in xylem tissue. Tracheids are long, narrow cells with tapered ends that are responsible for water transport and mechanical support. Vessel elements, on the other hand, are wider and shorter cells that are arranged end-to-end to form vessels. These vessels provide a more efficient pathway for water transport. Together, tracheids and vessel elements make up the two main cell types in xylem tissue, allowing for the transport of water and minerals throughout the plant.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following plant hormones inhibit growth?
- A.
Abscisic acid
- B.
Auxin
- C.
Cytokinin
- D.
Ethylene
- E.
Gibberellin
Correct Answer
A. Abscisic acidExplanation
Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth. It plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and inhibition of shoot elongation. When plants are under stress, abscisic acid levels increase, leading to a reduction in growth and development. Therefore, abscisic acid acts as a growth inhibitor in plants.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In tall trees, most water and solutes move through the vascular system of a plant by
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
Osmosis
- C.
Bulk flow
- D.
Active transport
- E.
Passive transport
Correct Answer
C. Bulk flowExplanation
Bulk flow is the correct answer because it is the process by which water and solutes move through the vascular system of tall trees. Unlike diffusion and osmosis, which rely on the random movement of molecules, bulk flow occurs due to the pressure gradient created by transpiration. Active transport, on the other hand, requires energy expenditure by the plant, which is not the primary mechanism for water and solute movement in tall trees. Passive transport is also not the main process involved, as it does not account for the long-distance movement of water and solutes in tall trees.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Bear canisters are specially designed food containers that bears cannot open. After trying a few times to open a canister, an experienced bear will soon ignore all canisters. What kind of behavior is the bear demonstrating when he ignores the canisters
- A.
Imprinting
- B.
Habituation
- C.
Insight
- D.
Trial-and-error
- E.
Classical conditioning
Correct Answer
B. HabituationExplanation
The bear is demonstrating habituation when it ignores the canisters. Habituation refers to the process of an animal becoming accustomed to a stimulus and reducing its response to it over time. In this case, the bear has learned that it cannot open the canisters and has stopped trying, indicating habituation to the presence of the canisters.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Young ducklings first see a researchers red boots and then begin to follow him around. What kind of behavior are the ducklings demonstrating?
- A.
Imprinting
- B.
Habituation
- C.
Insight
- D.
Trial-and-error
- E.
Classical conditioning
Correct Answer
A. ImprintingExplanation
The behavior that the ducklings are demonstrating is imprinting. Imprinting is a type of learning where young animals form a strong attachment to the first moving object they see after hatching or being born. In this case, the ducklings are seeing the researcher's red boots and are following him around, indicating that they have imprinted on him as their caregiver or parent figure.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In tropical regions where temperature, precipitation, and light are uniform throughout the year, growth rings that reveal the age of a tree
- A.
Occur because wood growth in the spring produces larger cells than in the fall
- B.
Occur because wood growth in the fall produces larger cells than in the spring
- C.
Occur because cytoplasmic pigmentation is more abundant in the spring wood than in winter wood
- D.
Occur because pigmentation resulting from nutrient storage in vacuoles is greater in the winter than in the spring
- E.
Do not occur
Correct Answer
E. Do not occur -
- 20.
In angiosperms, which of the following develops into an embryo after it is fertilized?
- A.
The polar nuclei
- B.
The embryo sac
- C.
The ovule
- D.
The egg
- E.
The micropyle
Correct Answer
D. The eggExplanation
After fertilization in angiosperms, the egg cell develops into an embryo. Fertilization occurs when the pollen from the male reproductive organ (stamen) reaches the female reproductive organ (pistil) and fuses with the egg cell. This fusion triggers the development of the embryo, which eventually grows into a new plant. The other options listed, such as the polar nuclei, embryo sac, ovule, and micropyle, are also involved in the reproductive process of angiosperms but do not directly develop into an embryo after fertilization.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following describes the mechanism by which a plant stem grows toward light?
- A.
The plant seeks light in order to maximize photosynthesis.
- B.
Nervelike impulses stimulate contractile cells on the lighted side of the stem.
- C.
Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side.
- D.
The plant grows into an open area where its leaves will not be shaded by competing plants.
- E.
The greater energy supply on the lighter side of the stem stimulates metabolism and growth on that side
Correct Answer
C. Cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side.Explanation
The correct answer is that cells on the dark side of the stem elongate more than those on the lighted side. This is known as phototropism, which is the growth response of plants towards light. In response to light, the hormone auxin accumulates on the shaded side of the stem, causing the cells on that side to elongate more than the cells on the lighted side. This uneven growth results in the stem bending towards the light source.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The LEAST effective means of controlling pest species such as rats or roaches over a long period of time is to
- A.
Limit food supply
- B.
Reduce the number of potential habitats
- C.
Distribute pesticides throughout the habitat
- D.
Introduce predators of the pest
- E.
Introduce a disease which affects only the pest
Correct Answer
C. Distribute pesticides throughout the habitatExplanation
Distributing pesticides throughout the habitat is the least effective means of controlling pest species over a long period of time because it only provides a temporary solution. Pesticides may kill the pests initially, but they can develop resistance over time, rendering the pesticides ineffective. Additionally, pesticides can have negative effects on the environment and other non-target species. Therefore, relying solely on pesticide distribution is not a sustainable or long-term solution for pest control.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following levels of organization includes all of the others?
- A.
Population
- B.
Ecosystem
- C.
Community
- D.
Organism
- E.
Habitat
Correct Answer
B. EcosystemExplanation
An ecosystem includes all of the other levels of organization. A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. A community refers to all the populations of different species living in the same area. An organism refers to an individual living thing. A habitat refers to the specific environment where an organism lives. An ecosystem, on the other hand, encompasses all of these levels by including all the living organisms (populations, communities, and organisms) as well as the non-living factors (habitat) and the interactions between them.Rate this question:
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- 24.
All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator-prey relationships are correct EXCEPT:
- A.
A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators.
- B.
A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decrease in the population of the prey.
- C.
Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey.
- D.
The production of large numbers of offspring within very short periods of time ensures the survival of some prey populations
- E.
The populations of predators most often eliminates the population of prey.
Correct Answer
E. The populations of predators most often eliminates the population of prey.Explanation
The given answer is incorrect because it states that the populations of predators most often eliminate the population of prey, which is not true. In predator-prey relationships, the population of predators does not completely eliminate the population of prey. Instead, it helps in controlling and regulating the population of prey by consuming them. This helps to maintain a balance in the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because the
- A.
Processes of pollination and fertilization occur in the soil
- B.
Pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs
- C.
Eggs develop without sperm by parthenogenesis
- D.
Eggs have a structure that aids in their dispersal by wind
- E.
Sperm contain large amounts of cytoplasm
Correct Answer
B. Pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggsExplanation
Flowering plants are capable of fertilization in the absence of water because pollen tubes deliver the sperm to the eggs. This process, known as pollination, allows for the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organs to the female reproductive organs of the flower. The pollen tubes, which are extensions of the pollen grains, grow down through the style of the flower and deliver the sperm cells to the eggs located in the ovary. This mechanism enables fertilization to occur even in dry conditions, as it bypasses the need for water as a medium for sperm to swim to the eggs.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the last to occur?
- A.
Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve
- B.
Initiation of cell division in the root meristem
- C.
Emergence of the root
- D.
Expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves
- E.
Imbibition of water by the seed
Correct Answer
D. Expansion and greening of the first foliage leavesExplanation
The expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves will be the last to occur in the development of a seedling. This is because before the leaves can expand and turn green, several other processes need to take place. First, the imbibition of water by the seed occurs, which allows the seed to absorb water and swell. Then, the initiation of cell division in the root meristem takes place, leading to the growth and development of the root system. After that, the root emerges from the seed and starts to grow downwards into the soil. Finally, the initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve occurs, providing the necessary nutrients for the seedling to develop. Only after all these processes have taken place, the first foliage leaves can expand and turn green.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In the development of a seedling, which of the following will be the first to occur?
- A.
Initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve
- B.
Initiation of cell division in the root meristem
- C.
Emergence of the root
- D.
Expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves
- E.
Imbibition of water by the seed
Correct Answer
E. Imbibition of water by the seedExplanation
In the development of a seedling, the first step is the imbibition of water by the seed. Imbibition is the process by which the seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and initiate metabolic activities. This process is crucial as it activates enzymes and begins the germination process. Once the seed has imbibed water, it can proceed to other developmental stages such as the initiation of cell division, emergence of the root, expansion and greening of the first foliage leaves, and initiation of the breakdown of the food reserve.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The fruit produced by angiosperms is an evolutionary adaptation that most often
- A.
Nourishes the seeds within the fruit on ripening
- B.
Aids in the seed dispersal
- C.
Attracts pollinators
- D.
Inhibits seed germination until favorable conditions occur
- E.
Provides an energy source for the plant egg cell prior to fertilization
Correct Answer
B. Aids in the seed dispersalExplanation
The fruit produced by angiosperms aids in seed dispersal. This means that the fruit helps to spread the seeds away from the parent plant, increasing the chances of successful germination and survival. This can be achieved through various mechanisms such as animals eating the fruit and dispersing the seeds through their feces, or the fruit having structures that allow it to be carried by wind or water to new locations. By aiding in seed dispersal, the fruit ensures that the seeds have a better opportunity to find suitable conditions for growth and survival.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following types of chemicals released into the air by female gypsy moths and female silk moths attract males of their respective moth species?
- A.
Ecdysones
- B.
Pheromones
- C.
Auxins
- D.
Phytotoxins
- E.
Neuotransmitters
Correct Answer
B. PheromonesExplanation
Female gypsy moths and female silk moths release chemicals called pheromones into the air to attract males of their respective moth species. Pheromones are specific chemical signals that are used for communication between individuals of the same species. In this case, the female moths release pheromones to signal their presence and availability to potential mates. These pheromones are detected by the male moths, who are then attracted to the female and can locate her for mating.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following best describes opportunistic, or r-stategy, organisms
- A.
They reach sexual maturity rapidly.
- B.
They reach their adult size slowly.
- C.
They attain a large body size.
- D.
They live fora long time.
- E.
The size if their population remains fairly constant.
Correct Answer
A. They reach sexual maturity rapidly.Explanation
Opportunistic, or r-strategy, organisms are characterized by their ability to reproduce quickly and reach sexual maturity at a rapid rate. This means that they can produce a large number of offspring in a short period of time, allowing them to take advantage of favorable conditions or resources. These organisms prioritize quantity over quality when it comes to reproduction, as they have a shorter lifespan and invest less energy in each individual offspring. This strategy allows them to maximize their chances of survival and successful reproduction in unpredictable or unstable environments.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The fact that tracheophytes can survive on land is due to which of the following?
- A.
Alternation of generations
- B.
A dominant gametophyte stage
- C.
Adaptation to damp habitats
- D.
Water transport through vascular tissues
- E.
Mechanisms other tan photosynthesis for carbohydrate sysnthesis
Correct Answer
D. Water transport through vascular tissuesExplanation
Tracheophytes, which include ferns and seed plants, are able to survive on land due to water transport through vascular tissues. Vascular tissues, such as xylem and phloem, allow for the efficient movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant. This allows tracheophytes to obtain water from the soil and transport it to all parts of the plant, even against gravity. Without this ability, tracheophytes would not be able to survive in dry terrestrial environments.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following is an actively dividing tissue in plants?
- A.
Cambium
- B.
Xylem
- C.
Endodermis
- D.
Phloem
- E.
Pith
Correct Answer
A. CambiumExplanation
Cambium is the actively dividing tissue in plants. It is responsible for the growth in diameter of stems and roots. It produces new cells that differentiate into xylem and phloem, which are responsible for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. Cambium is found in the vascular region of the plant, between the xylem and phloem, and it continuously divides to produce new cells, allowing the plant to grow and develop.Rate this question:
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- 33.
All of the following promote cell growth in plants EXCEPT:
- A.
Auxin
- B.
Gibberellin
- C.
Cytokinin
- D.
Abscisic acid (ABA)
- E.
Indoleacetic acid (IAA)
Correct Answer
D. Abscisic acid (ABA)Explanation
The correct answer is abscisic acid (ABA). Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits cell growth and promotes dormancy. In contrast, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) are plant hormones that promote cell growth and development.Rate this question:
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- 34.
On average, social behavior
- A.
Increases the number of deaths
- B.
Increases agonistic behavior
- C.
Increase individual fitness
- D.
Decreases the amount of available food
- E.
Decreases group survival
Correct Answer
C. Increase individual fitnessExplanation
Social behavior can increase an individual's fitness because it often involves cooperation and mutual support among group members. By working together, individuals can increase their chances of survival, reproduction, and overall fitness. Social behavior can also provide benefits such as protection from predators, access to resources, and assistance in raising offspring. Therefore, engaging in social behavior can ultimately enhance an individual's fitness and contribute to their overall reproductive success.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Pillbugs are terrestrial isopods that use modified gills for respiration. A scientist prepares a "choice chamber" that consists of a dry area seperated from but connected to a damp area. Ten pillbugs are put into each area. During the next 30 minutes, the scientist observes that the pillbugs put into the dry chamber migrate to the damp chamber. The pilbugs that were put into the damp chamber randomly move within the damp chamber, slowing as time progresses. What kind of behavior was demonstrated by the pillbugs that were put into the dry chamber and who migrated to the damp chamber?
- A.
Conditioning
- B.
Kinesis
- C.
Imprinting
- D.
Taxis
- E.
Habituation
Correct Answer
D. TaxisExplanation
The behavior demonstrated by the pillbugs that were put into the dry chamber and migrated to the damp chamber is taxis. Taxis refers to the directed movement of an organism towards or away from a particular stimulus. In this case, the pillbugs are exhibiting positive taxis by moving towards the damp chamber, which provides a more favorable environment for their respiration.Rate this question:
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- 36.
What kind of behavior was demonstrated by the pillbugs that were put in the damp chamber and remained in the chamber
- A.
Conditioning
- B.
Kinesis
- C.
Imprinting
- D.
Taxis
- E.
Habituation
Correct Answer
B. KinesisExplanation
Kinesis refers to a non-directional, random movement in response to a stimulus. In this case, the pillbugs demonstrated kinesis by moving randomly within the damp chamber. They did not exhibit any specific movement towards or away from the stimulus, but rather their movement was influenced by the presence of the damp environment.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Toads in the particular population vary in size. A scientist observes that in this population, large males mate with females significantly more often than small males do. All the following are plausible hypotheses to explain this observation EXCEPT:
- A.
Females select large males more often than they select small males as mates.
- B.
Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males.
- C.
Large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are.
- D.
Large males occupy more breeding territory than small males do.
- E.
The calls produced by large males are more attractive to females than the calls made by small males.
Correct Answer
B. Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males.Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the observation states that large males mate with females significantly more often than small males do. This suggests that females are not selecting large males more often than small males as mates, as stated in the first hypothesis. Instead, the observation suggests that large males are more successful in competing for mates, occupy more breeding territory, and produce more attractive calls, which are all factors that contribute to their increased mating success. Therefore, the hypothesis that small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males is not supported by the observation.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A customer observed that a particular potted plant in a restaurant was bigger and greener than other plants in the room. When asked, the owner said that he poured leftover club soda (carbonated water) into that plant's pot every day. Which of the following best explains how the club soda affected that plant's growth?
- A.
The basic pH of the club soda caused the plant to grow rapidly.
- B.
The temperature of the club soda promoted faster growth.
- C.
Oxygen bubbles from the club soda oxygenated the soil.
- D.
The roots absorbed the CO2 Necessary for photosynthesis.
- E.
The roots received more moisture, and the leaves were exposed to more CO2.
Correct Answer
E. The roots received more moisture, and the leaves were exposed to more CO2.Explanation
The answer explains that pouring club soda into the plant's pot resulted in the roots receiving more moisture and the leaves being exposed to more CO2. This explanation suggests that the increased moisture and CO2 exposure contributed to the plant's growth, making it bigger and greener than the other plants in the room.Rate this question:
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- 39.
A major function of the Casparian strip of the endodemeral cells of a root is to
- A.
Protect the meristem as the root tip grows through the abrasive soil particles.
- B.
Allow for the expansion of the vascular cambium as the root grows laterally.
- C.
Control the movement of materials into the vascular cylinder of the root.
- D.
Initiate lateral root growth.
- E.
Serve as a site for the storage of excess sugars in the form of starch.
Correct Answer
C. Control the movement of materials into the vascular cylinder of the root.Explanation
The Casparian strip of the endodermal cells of a root acts as a barrier that controls the movement of materials into the vascular cylinder. It prevents the passive flow of water and solutes through the cell walls, forcing them to pass through the selectively permeable plasma membrane of the endodermal cells. This helps regulate the absorption of water and nutrients into the root, ensuring that only necessary substances enter the vascular system while preventing the entry of harmful substances.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The major reservoirs for phosphorus are
- A.
Plants and animals
- B.
Detritus and decomposing microorganisms
- C.
Rain and fresh water
- D.
Terrestrial rocks and ocean sediments
- E.
Volcanic activity and the atmosphere
Correct Answer
D. Terrestrial rocks and ocean sedimentsExplanation
Terrestrial rocks and ocean sediments are the major reservoirs for phosphorus. Phosphorus is released into the environment through weathering of rocks and erosion, which then accumulates in terrestrial rocks and ocean sediments over time. This reservoir is important for the phosphorus cycle as it acts as a long-term storage for the nutrient. Plants and animals, detritus and decomposing microorganisms, rain and fresh water, as well as volcanic activity and the atmosphere, may play roles in the phosphorus cycle, but they are not the primary reservoirs for phosphorus.Rate this question:
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- 41.
All of the following occur in the primary tissues of plants EXCEPT:
- A.
Cork cambium
- B.
Apical meristems
- C.
Palisades mesophyll
- D.
Spongy mesophyll
- E.
Leaf primordia
Correct Answer
A. Cork cambiumExplanation
The primary tissues of plants are the tissues that are formed during primary growth, which includes the growth in length of the plant. These tissues are responsible for the plant's structural support, water and nutrient transport, and photosynthesis. Cork cambium, on the other hand, is a secondary tissue that is responsible for the formation of cork, which provides protection to the plant. Therefore, cork cambium does not occur in the primary tissues of plants.Rate this question:
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- 42.
All of the following would be good areas to search for mitotically dividing cells EXCEPT:
- A.
Root tips of plants
- B.
Stem tips of plants
- C.
Whitefish blastulas
- D.
Anthers of plants
- E.
Early cleavages of the fertilized egg of a roundworm
Correct Answer
D. Anthers of plantsExplanation
Anthers of plants are not a good area to search for mitotically dividing cells because anthers are responsible for producing pollen, which is a result of meiosis rather than mitosis. Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, while mitosis is the process of cell division that produces identical copies of cells. Therefore, anthers would not be a suitable location to find mitotically dividing cells.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Digger wasps dig holes in the ground to serve as nests for their eggs and larvae. If nearby landmarks, such as pinecones or rocks, are moved, the wasp is unable to find the nest to deliver food to her larvae. This behavior indicates that the wasp is using which of the following to locate her nest.
- A.
Imprinting
- B.
Insight
- C.
Spatial learning
- D.
Operant conditioning
- E.
Classical conditioning
Correct Answer
C. Spatial learningExplanation
The behavior of the wasp, where it is unable to find the nest if nearby landmarks are moved, suggests that it is using spatial learning to locate its nest. Spatial learning refers to the ability of an animal to learn and remember the spatial layout of its environment. In this case, the wasp is relying on the fixed location of landmarks to navigate and find its nest.Rate this question:
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- 44.
In general, as ecological succession progresses from early to middle stages,
- A.
Biomass increases and species diversity increases
- B.
Biomass increases and species diversity decreases
- C.
Biomass remains constant and species diversity increases
- D.
Biomass decreases and species diversity decreases
- E.
Biomass decreases and species diversity increases
Correct Answer
A. Biomass increases and species diversity increasesExplanation
As ecological succession progresses from early to middle stages, biomass increases and species diversity increases. This is because as the ecosystem becomes more established and stable, more plants and organisms are able to thrive and contribute to the overall biomass. Additionally, as different species colonize the area, the diversity of species also increases. This is because different species have different adaptations and requirements, leading to a greater variety of organisms coexisting in the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 45.
All of the following are true for the ascent of water from roots to leaves of tall trees EXCEPT:
- A.
Movement of water up the stem occurs by bulk flow.
- B.
Movement of water up the stem occurs within xylem cells.
- C.
Adhesion of water molecules to the walls of transporting cells supports the water column.
- D.
Cohesion of water molecules by hydrogen bonding maintains water movement.
- E.
Air bubbles aid in the movement of water.
Correct Answer
E. Air bubbles aid in the movement of water.Explanation
The correct answer is "Air bubbles aid in the movement of water." This statement is false because air bubbles do not aid in the movement of water in tall trees. In fact, the presence of air bubbles can disrupt the continuous water column and hinder the movement of water. The ascent of water from roots to leaves in tall trees primarily occurs through the process of transpiration, where water is pulled up through the xylem vessels by the cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Forms a water-impenetrable barrier on the surface of leaves.
- A.
Chitin
- B.
Cutin
- C.
Gibberellin
- D.
Secretin
- E.
Suberin
Correct Answer
B. CutinExplanation
Cutin is a waxy substance that forms a water-impenetrable barrier on the surface of leaves. This barrier helps to prevent excessive water loss through evaporation and protects the leaves from damage caused by pathogens or environmental factors. Cutin is a major component of the cuticle, which is the outermost layer of the epidermis in plants. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of the plant's aerial surfaces, allowing them to withstand various stresses and maintain their overall health.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Forms a water-impenetrable barrier in the roots of plants
- A.
Chitin
- B.
Cutin
- C.
Gibberellin
- D.
Secretin
- E.
Suberin
Correct Answer
E. SuberinExplanation
Suberin is a waxy substance found in the cell walls of plants, particularly in the roots. It forms a water-impenetrable barrier, preventing water from entering or leaving the roots. This barrier helps to protect the roots from water loss and also prevents the entry of harmful substances into the plant. Chitin, cutin, gibberellin, and secretin do not have the same water-impenetrable properties as suberin, making suberin the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Promotes cell growth in plants
- A.
Chitin
- B.
Cutin
- C.
Gibberellin
- D.
Secretin
- E.
Suberin
Correct Answer
C. GibberellinExplanation
Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell growth in plants. It plays a crucial role in regulating various developmental processes such as seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. By stimulating cell division and elongation, gibberellin helps plants to grow taller and develop larger leaves and fruits. It also helps in breaking dormancy of seeds and promoting their germination. Overall, gibberellin is essential for the overall growth and development of plants.Rate this question:
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- 49.
A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel venation, and a seed with a single cotyledon is probably a
- A.
Corn plant
- B.
Fern
- C.
Fir tree
- D.
Pine tree
- E.
Pea plant
Correct Answer
A. Corn plantExplanation
A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel venation, and a seed with a single cotyledon is probably a corn plant. Corn plants have fibrous root systems, which means they have many small roots that spread out in different directions. The leaves of corn plants have parallel venation, meaning the veins in the leaves run parallel to each other. Lastly, corn plants have seeds with a single cotyledon, which is a structure that provides nutrients to the developing plant embryo. Therefore, based on these characteristics, the correct answer is corn plant.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Root hairs occur on
- A.
Epidermal cells in the zone of cell division
- B.
Epidermal cells in the zone of maturation
- C.
Parenchyma cells in the zone of elongation
- D.
Parenchyma cells in the zone of maturation
- E.
Cells of the root cap
Correct Answer
B. Epidermal cells in the zone of maturationExplanation
Root hairs are tiny, finger-like projections that extend from the epidermal cells of a plant's root. They increase the surface area of the root, allowing for better absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The zone of maturation is the region of the root where the cells differentiate into their specialized forms. Therefore, it is in this zone that the epidermal cells develop root hairs. The other options, such as the zone of cell division or the cells of the root cap, are not where root hairs are typically found.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 04, 2010Quiz Created by
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