AP Bio: Chapters 2-4 Review

2.

An electron jumps to an energy level further from the nucleus. What happens to its energy?

Increases
Decreases

Correct Answer

A. Increases

Explanation

When an electron jumps to an energy level further from the nucleus, its energy increases. This is because energy levels further from the nucleus have higher energy values. As electrons move away from the nucleus, they gain energy and move to higher energy levels. Therefore, the electron's energy increases as it jumps to a level further from the nucleus.

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1

3.

Covalent bonds are the result of ____ electrons which produce bonds.

Sharing, weak
Transferring, weak
Sharing, strong
Transferring, strong

Correct Answer

A. Sharing, strong

Explanation

Covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared between atoms, resulting in a strong bond. This type of bond is formed when two nonmetal atoms come together and share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. The shared electrons are attracted to both nuclei, creating a strong bond between the atoms.

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4.

Molecules that have an uneven distribution of charge are called ___________ molecules.

Polar
Nonpolar
Ionic
Hydrogen

Correct Answer

A. Polar

Explanation

Molecules that have an uneven distribution of charge are called polar molecules. In polar molecules, there is a separation of positive and negative charges due to the presence of polar bonds or an asymmetric arrangement of atoms. This results in a molecule having a positive end and a negative end, creating a dipole moment. Nonpolar molecules, on the other hand, have an even distribution of charge and do not have a dipole moment. Ionic molecules involve the complete transfer of electrons between atoms, while hydrogen molecules are a type of polar molecule that specifically involve hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms.

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5.

Polar moecules make ______________ solvents.

Poor
Excellent

Correct Answer

A. Excellent

Explanation

Polar molecules make excellent solvents because they have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end, creating a dipole. This allows them to dissolve other polar substances, such as salts and sugars, by attracting and surrounding the individual ions or molecules. Additionally, polar solvents can also dissolve nonpolar substances to some extent, making them versatile solvents for a wide range of compounds.

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6.

The property of water that gives it the appearance of a skin on top is

Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface tension

Correct Answer

A. Surface tension

Explanation

Surface tension is the property of water that gives it the appearance of a skin on top. It is caused by the cohesive forces between water molecules, which create a "pulling" effect at the surface. This cohesive force causes the water molecules at the surface to be more strongly attracted to each other, forming a thin layer that resists penetration. This is why small objects, like insects, can float on the surface of water without sinking. Adhesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and other substances, while cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules themselves.

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7.

Molecules of the same formula with variances in structure are called

Isomers
Isotonics
Isotopes
Isometrics

Correct Answer

A. Isomers

Explanation

Molecules of the same formula with variances in structure are called isomers. Isomers have the same chemical formula, but their atoms are arranged differently, resulting in different properties and characteristics. This structural variation can lead to differences in physical properties, chemical reactivity, and biological activity. Isomers are an important concept in organic chemistry and play a significant role in understanding the diversity and complexity of molecules.

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8.

The property of water that allows it to stick to vessel walls is

Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface tension

Correct Answer

A. Adhesion

Explanation

Adhesion is the property of water that allows it to stick to vessel walls. This is due to the attractive forces between the water molecules and the molecules of the vessel surface. Adhesion is responsible for capillary action, which allows water to move upwards against gravity in narrow tubes. Cohesion, on the other hand, refers to the attraction between water molecules themselves, while surface tension is the result of the cohesive forces at the surface of a liquid. However, in this case, the correct answer is adhesion because it specifically relates to water sticking to vessel walls.

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9.

The amino group formula is

CH3
PO4
OH
NH3

Correct Answer

A. NH3

Explanation

The amino group formula is NH3, which represents a molecule consisting of one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. This formula is commonly found in organic compounds called amines, which play important roles in biological processes such as protein synthesis and neurotransmission. The NH3 formula accurately represents the composition and structure of the amino group.

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10.

_________________ are unique because they are mirror images of a molecule.(spell correctly!)

Correct Answer
Enantiomers

Explanation
Enantiomers are unique because they are mirror images of a molecule. Enantiomers have the same chemical formula and connectivity but differ in their spatial arrangement, resulting in different physical and chemical properties. They exhibit optical activity and can rotate the plane of polarized light in opposite directions. Enantiomers are important in fields such as pharmacology, as they can have different biological activities and interactions with enzymes and receptors.

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11.

-SH is the ________ group. (spell correctly!)

Correct Answer
sulfhydryl

Explanation
The correct answer is "sulfhydryl." The question is asking for the correct spelling of the group denoted by "SH." The term "sulfhydryl" refers to a functional group in organic chemistry that consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.

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12.

An aldehyde differs from a ketone because its carbonyl is located

Correct Answer
at the end
at the end of the carbon chain
at the end of the chain

Explanation
An aldehyde differs from a ketone because its carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain. In contrast, a ketone has its carbonyl group located within the carbon chain. This structural difference is what distinguishes aldehydes from ketones.

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13.

The hydroxyl group represents the _________ family. (spell correctly!)

Correct Answer
alcohol

Explanation
The hydroxyl group, which consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, is a characteristic feature of alcohols. Alcohols are a family of organic compounds that contain the hydroxyl functional group. This functional group is responsible for the unique properties and reactivity of alcohols, such as their ability to form hydrogen bonds and undergo various chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is "alcohol."

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14.

Carboxylic acids contain the functional group

OH
CO
COOH
CH3

Correct Answer

A. COOH

Explanation

Carboxylic acids contain the functional group COOH. This group consists of a carbonyl group (CO) and a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the same carbon atom. The presence of the COOH group is what distinguishes carboxylic acids from other organic compounds. The COOH group is responsible for the acidic properties of carboxylic acids, as it can easily donate a proton (H+) to a base.

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AP Bio: ChAPters 2-4 Review

Carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are all versions of carbon and are thererfore referred to as

Quiz Preview

An electron jumps to an energy level further from the nucleus. What happens to its energy?

Covalent bonds are the result of ____ electrons which produce bonds.

Molecules that have an uneven distribution of charge are called ___________ molecules.

Polar moecules make ______________ solvents.

The property of water that gives it the appearance of a skin on top is

Molecules of the same formula with variances in structure are called

The property of water that allows it to stick to vessel walls is

The amino group formula is

_________________ are unique because they are mirror images of a molecule.(spell correctly!)

-SH is the ________ group. (spell correctly!)

An aldehyde differs from a ketone because its carbonyl is located

The hydroxyl group represents the _________ family. (spell correctly!)

Carboxylic acids contain the functional group

AP Bio: ChAPters 2-4 Review

Carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are all versions of carbon and are thererfore referred to as

Quiz Preview

An electron jumps to an energy level further from the nucleus. What happens to its energy?

Covalent bonds are the result of ____________ electrons which produce ________ bonds.

Molecules that have an uneven distribution of charge are called ___________ molecules.

Polar moecules make ______________ solvents.

The property of water that gives it the appearance of a skin on top is

Molecules of the same formula with variances in structure are called

The property of water that allows it to stick to vessel walls is

The amino group formula is

_________________ are unique because they are mirror images of a molecule.(spell correctly!)

-SH is the ________ group. (spell correctly!)

An aldehyde differs from a ketone because its carbonyl is located

The hydroxyl group represents the _________ family. (spell correctly!)

Carboxylic acids contain the functional group

Covalent bonds are the result of ____ electrons which produce bonds.