Antibacterial Agents Quiz

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| By Rita.niyigena
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  • 1/35 Questions

    Tetracyclines...

    • Bind reversibly to 30S
    • Bacteriostatic in therapeutic concentrations
    • Deposited in bones/teeth (Fe2+)
    • Used to treat severe acne (topical/oral administration)
    • All of the above
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About This Quiz

An antimicrobial is an agent that interferes with the growth and reproduction of bacteria. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. There are different types of these drugs in use and a nurse should know when to prescribe each. Take up the quiz below and learn more on them.

Antibacterial Agents Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Chloramphenicol...

    • Reversibly binds 50S subunit and is bacteriostatic

    • Broad spectrum and rapid absorption after oral consumption

    • Best CNS penetration and effective against anaerobes

    • Liver metabolism, renal excretion

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    not a first choice drug due to typhoid fever, meningitis, infections; can cause reversible bone marrow depression, Gray baby syndrome in infants and aplastic anemia

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  • 3. 

    Inhibitors of folate metabolism...

    • Compete with PABA in folate synthesis

    • Generally bacteriostatic

    • Oral absorption

    • Liver metabolism and renal excretion

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Co-trimoxazole is DOC for UTI's; can cause Steven-Johnson disease, low allergies, severe jaundice in infants; drugs are sulfa drugs

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  • 4. 

    Inhibitors of DNA synthesis...

    • Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

    • Bactericidal/inhibition of DNA gyrase

    • Effective against G- aerobic cocci and antipseudomonal

    • Prophylaxis against antrax, oral, excellent tissue penetration

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Cartialage damage in women and children under 18, cause seizures

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  • 5. 

    Aminoglycosides are...

    • Streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, and neomycin

    • Bind 30 S subunit

    • Poor cns penetration (except in case of inflammation) and should be given parenterally

    • Rapidly excreted by the kidney

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Used when sepsis/endocarditis is suspected; bact. resistance extends to all; used mostly in combination (neomycin+bacitracin+polymyxin to treat scars after plastic surgery); ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity

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  • 6. 

    Metronidazole...

    • Mechanism not understood

    • Bactericidal (ROS)

    • Effective against anaerobes

    • Disulfiram-like effect

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above". Metronidazole's mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is known to be bactericidal through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is effective against anaerobic bacteria. Additionally, metronidazole can cause a disulfiram-like effect, which means it can produce unpleasant symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and flushing when consumed with alcohol.

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  • 7. 

    Carbapenems

    • Are Imipenem and Meropenem

    • Given IV only

    • Broad spectrum activity but pseudomonal resistance may develop (combination with aminoglycosides is recommended)

    • Imipenem can cause seizures

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    excreted renally and meropenem does not cause seizures

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  • 8. 

    Vancomycin

    • Prevents peptidoglycan elongation and is bactericidal

    • Is very useful against penicillin/methicillin-resistant S. aureus

    • VRE are usually resistant to all other antibiotics (drug of last resort)

    • Adverse effects are ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome (flushing from histamine release)

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The statement "All of the above" is the correct answer because all the statements mentioned are true. Vancomycin prevents peptidoglycan elongation and is bactericidal, making it effective against penicillin/methicillin-resistant S. aureus. It is often considered a drug of last resort because VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) are usually resistant to all other antibiotics. Vancomycin does have adverse effects such as ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome, which is characterized by flushing due to histamine release. Therefore, all the statements mentioned in the question are correct.

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  • 9. 

    Erythromycin is...

    • Powerless agains many G- bacteria

    • The DOC for treatment of Legionnaire's disease and M. pneumoniae

    • All of the above are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are correct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above are correct." Erythromycin is indeed powerless against many Gram-negative bacteria, as it is primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is also the drug of choice (DOC) for treating Legionnaire's disease and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Therefore, all of the statements provided in the options are accurate.

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  • 10. 

    Clindamycin...

    • Reversibly binds 50S ribosomal subunit and is metabolized by the liver

    • Against a wide range of G+ aerobics and anaerobic G+ and G-

    • Bactericidal or bacteriostatic and can cross the placenta readily

    • Can be given in any way but exhibits poor CNS penetration

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    It is also present in high concentration in the bones and can be used to treat severe anaerobic infections as well as acne when administered topically

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  • 11. 

    What three antimicrobial agents are designated antistaphylococcal penicillins?

    • Nafcillin

    • Ampicillin

    • Cloxacillin

    • Oxacillin

    • A, C, and D

    Correct Answer
    A. A, C, and D
    Explanation
    The above 3 are resistant to penicillinase

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  • 12. 

    Cephalosporins attack bacteria by blocking terminal cross-linking of peptidoglycans and by activating cell wall autolytic enzymes.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Yes! This is the Cephalosporins' mechanism of action.

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  • 13. 

    Monobactams...

    • Are resistant to B-lactamases

    • Have no activity agains G+ and anaerobes

    • Acid sensitive (IM/IV only)

    • No cross-sensitivity with other b-lactam antibiotics

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    They are also excreted in the kidney

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  • 14. 

    How toxic are cephalosporins in general?

    • They're fairly safer than penicillins

    • Still cause superinfections

    • Can cause dose-dependend renal tubular necrosis

    • Synergistic nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    They also cause a disulfiram-like reaction after EtOH consumption and can cause allergies and GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)

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  • 15. 

    Macrolides and aminoglycosides are generally known as...

    • Cell wall formatio inhibitors

    • Inhibitors of cell membrane permeability

    • Inhibitors of protein synthesis

    • Broad-spectrum

    • Penicillins are among them

    Correct Answer
    A. Inhibitors of protein synthesis
    Explanation
    Macrolides and aminoglycosides are known as inhibitors of protein synthesis. This is because they interfere with the process of protein synthesis in bacterial cells, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth and reproduction. These antibiotics bind to the ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis, and prevent them from functioning properly. As a result, the bacteria are unable to produce essential proteins and eventually die. It is worth noting that penicillins, although mentioned in the options, do not belong to the same class of antibiotics as macrolides and aminoglycosides.

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  • 16. 

    Macrolides...

    • Bind the 50S subunit irreversibly

    • Effective againt lots of G+, but majority of G- is resistant to it

    • All are taken orally

    • All except Azithromycin are eliminated by bile and through feces

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    If a microbiologist wants to inhibit the growth of most G+ species, he can culture a mixture in an Erythromycin agar (most of G- will grow)

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  • 17. 

    What major properties do penicillinase resistant antibiotics have?

    • Lower G+ activity, and some G- coverage

    • Some anaerobe coverage

    • Some are acid stable (oxacillin)

    • Hepatic metabolism and renal excretion

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    the above are used against B-lactamase positive S. aureus

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  • 18. 

    Cefepime...

    • Is the only 4th generation cephalosporin

    • Is more resistant to B-lactamase and can only be given parenterally

    • Has antipseudomonal activity and has better G+ coverage

    • Is excreted renally

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Cefepime is the only 4th generation cephalosporin, meaning it is the most advanced generation of this class of antibiotics. It is more resistant to B-lactamase, an enzyme that can break down certain antibiotics, making it more effective against resistant bacteria. Cefepime can only be given parenterally, meaning it is administered through injection or infusion. It has antipseudomonal activity, meaning it is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common and often resistant bacteria. Additionally, cefepime has better coverage against Gram-positive bacteria compared to other cephalosporins. It is excreted renally, meaning it is eliminated from the body through the kidneys. Therefore, all of the statements are correct.

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  • 19. 

    Third generation cephalosporins are:

    • Metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidney

    • Have good CNS penetration (cefoperazone, cefotaxime)

    • Are very effective against G-, less effective against G+, and have antipseudomonal activity (few)

    • Acid resistant and increased B-lactamase resistance

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The broader the spectrum, the lesser these antibiotics are effective against G+ bacteria :)

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  • 20. 

    The folowing are narrow spectrum penicillins, except:

    • Penicillin G

    • Penicillin V

    • Benzathine penicillin

    • Ampicillin

    • Procaine Penicillin

    Correct Answer
    A. Ampicillin
    Explanation
    Ampicillin is not a narrow spectrum penicillin because it is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Narrow spectrum penicillins, on the other hand, are only effective against a limited range of bacteria, usually targeting gram-positive bacteria. Examples of narrow spectrum penicillins include Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Benzathine penicillin, and Procaine Penicillin.

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  • 21. 

    Which best describes the general properties of 1st generation cephalosporins?

    • Good G+ coverage and moderate G- activity

    • No antipseudomonal activity

    • Renal excretion

    • Acid resistance-orally given

    • All of the above are true

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are true
    Explanation
    The general properties of 1st generation cephalosporins include good coverage against Gram-positive bacteria and moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria. They do not have any antipseudomonal activity. They are excreted through the kidneys and can be given orally due to their resistance to acid. Therefore, all of the statements provided are true for 1st generation cephalosporins.

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  • 22. 

    Which Pen. is only available in oral form?

    • Pen. G

    • Pen. V

    • Pen. C

    • Pen. H

    • Pen. B

    Correct Answer
    A. Pen. V
    Explanation
    Pen. V is resistant to gastric acid destruction

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  • 23. 

    Name the two mos popular extended spectrum penicillins

    • Nafcillin and Ampicillin

    • Amoxicillin and Methicillin

    • Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

    • Cloxacillin and Oxacillin

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
    Explanation
    These have a huge G- coverage and anaerobe coverage when combined with penicillinase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and sulbactam

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  • 24. 

    Cycloserine...

    • Is a broad-spectrum antibiotic

    • Inhibits attachment of peptide side chain to the peptidoglycan

    • Used only to treat TB (second line)

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Cycloserine is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the attachment of peptide side chains to the peptidoglycan, which is a component of bacterial cell walls. It is also used specifically to treat tuberculosis as a second-line treatment. Therefore, all of the statements provided in the options are correct, making "all of the above" the correct answer.

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  • 25. 

    What are the known side effects of Pen. G?

    • Hypersensitivity

    • Diarrhea

    • A and B

    • This test is killing me

    • I can't wait till i'm done with it tomorrow

    Correct Answer
    A. A and B
    Explanation
    The known side effects of Pen. G are hypersensitivity and diarrhea.

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  • 26. 

    Penicillin G works against:

    • G+ cocci

    • G- cocci

    • G+ bacilli

    • Treponema Pallidum

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    G+ cocci include S. pneumoniae, and S. pyrogenes
    G- cocci include N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae
    G+ bacilli are B. anthracic, C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, and C. diphtheriae

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  • 27. 

    By what means bacteria build resistance against antipseudomonaal penicillins?

    • Inactivation ( destruction by b-lactamase)

    • Decreased permeability of bact. cell wall or lack of cell wall

    • Alteration in PBP's to hinder penicillin binding

    • Inactivation of autolytic enzymes

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Bacteria can build resistance against antipseudomonaal penicillins through multiple means. One way is through inactivation, where the penicillins are destroyed by b-lactamase enzymes produced by the bacteria. Another way is through decreased permeability of the bacterial cell wall or the absence of a cell wall, which can prevent the penicillins from entering the bacteria. Additionally, bacteria can develop resistance by altering their penicillin-binding proteins (PBP's), making it difficult for the penicillins to bind and inhibit bacterial growth. Lastly, bacteria can also develop resistance by inactivating autolytic enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down the bacterial cell wall. Therefore, all of the mentioned mechanisms contribute to the development of resistance against antipseudomonaal penicillins.

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  • 28. 

    All the following describe Penicillin G's general properties except:

    • Highest G+ coverage

    • High antipseudomonal activity

    • Eliminated through filtration

    • Some G- coverage

    • B-lactamase sensitive

    Correct Answer
    A. High antipseudomonal activity
    Explanation
    Penicillin G has NO antipseudomonal activity!

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  • 29. 

    Bacitracin...

    • Inhibits transmembrane transport of the peptidoglycan subunits

    • Is a cyclic polypeptide

    • Is used topically due to nephrotoxicity

    • A, B, and C are correct

    • All of the above are incorrect

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B, and C are correct
    Explanation
    Cell wall inhibitor

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  • 30. 

    What is the single best answer for penicillin toxicity?

    • Allergy-anaphylactic shock (give Epinephrine)

    • Electrolyte imbalance

    • GI dsturbances

    • Superinfections

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the options listed (allergy-anaphylactic shock, electrolyte imbalance, GI disturbances, and superinfections) are potential manifestations of penicillin toxicity.

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  • 31. 

    Augmentin...

    • Is only administered parenterally

    • Is obtained when Amoxicillin is combined with sulbactam

    • Can treat B-lactamase-producing organisms due to clavulanic acid

    • Should not be offered to patients with a previous history of seizures

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Can treat B-lactamase-producing organisms due to clavulanic acid
    Explanation
    Augmentin (Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid) is given orally only, treats B-lactam organisms, can treat severe otitis media and animal bites

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  • 32. 

    Ampicillin rash is not a hypersensitivity reaction in children or patients with EBV infection.

    • False

    • True

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because Ampicillin rash is not a hypersensitivity reaction in children or patients with EBV infection. Ampicillin rash is a common side effect of the antibiotic Ampicillin and is not related to an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction. It is characterized by a non-allergic, non-immunologic rash that occurs in individuals who are taking Ampicillin. However, it is important to note that in rare cases, a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis can occur with Ampicillin use, but this is not specific to children or patients with EBV infection.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is not characteristic of antipseudomonal penicillins?

    • Comprised of Ticarcillin and Piperacillin

    • Extended spectrum plus enteric G- bacilli

    • Acid resistant (can be administered orally)

    • Renal excretion

    • Susceptible to B-lactam

    Correct Answer
    A. Acid resistant (can be administered orally)
    Explanation
    Antipseudomonal penicillins are acid sensitive, therefore, they can only be given parenterally!

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  • 34. 

    Which pair is mismatched?

    • Standard prophylaxis-amoxicillin

    • Allergic to penicillins-ampicillins

    • Unable to take orally-ampicillin

    • Allergic to penicillin and can't swallow pills-cindamycin/cefazolin

    • Allergic to penicillin-clindamycin/cephalexin/azithromycin

    Correct Answer
    A. Allergic to penicillins-ampicillins
    Explanation
    The pair "allergic to penicillins-ampicillins" is mismatched because ampicillin is a type of penicillin. Therefore, if someone is allergic to penicillins, they would also be allergic to ampicillins.

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  • 35. 

    Second generation Cephalosporins do not:

    • Have lower G+ activity

    • Have higher G- activity

    • Lack antipseudomonal activity and are acid sensitive

    • Have B-lactamase resistance and are excreted by the kidney

    • Include Cephaclor and Cefprozil

    Correct Answer
    A. Lack antipseudomonal activity and are acid sensitive
    Explanation
    2nd generation cephalosporins do lack antipseudomonal activity, but are acid resistant, therefore they can be administered orally

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  • May 02, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 05, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Rita.niyigena
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