An antimicrobial is an agent that interferes with the growth and reproduction of bacteria. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. There are different types of these drugs in use and a nurse should know when to prescribe each. Take up the quiz below and learn more on them.
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Benzathine penicillin
Ampicillin
Procaine Penicillin
Highest G+ coverage
High antipseudomonal activity
Eliminated through filtration
Some G- coverage
B-lactamase sensitive
G+ cocci
G- cocci
G+ bacilli
Treponema Pallidum
All of the above
Hypersensitivity
Diarrhea
A and B
This test is killing me
I can't wait till i'm done with it tomorrow
Pen. G
Pen. V
Pen. C
Pen. H
Pen. B
Nafcillin
Ampicillin
Cloxacillin
Oxacillin
A, C, and D
Lower G+ activity, and some G- coverage
Some anaerobe coverage
Some are acid stable (oxacillin)
Hepatic metabolism and renal excretion
All of the above
Nafcillin and Ampicillin
Amoxicillin and Methicillin
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Cloxacillin and Oxacillin
None of the above
False
True
Is only administered parenterally
Is obtained when Amoxicillin is combined with sulbactam
Can treat B-lactamase-producing organisms due to clavulanic acid
Should not be offered to patients with a previous history of seizures
All of the above
Comprised of Ticarcillin and Piperacillin
Extended spectrum plus enteric G- bacilli
Acid resistant (can be administered orally)
Renal excretion
Susceptible to B-lactam
Inactivation ( destruction by b-lactamase)
Decreased permeability of bact. cell wall or lack of cell wall
Alteration in PBP's to hinder penicillin binding
Inactivation of autolytic enzymes
All of the above
Allergy-anaphylactic shock (give Epinephrine)
Electrolyte imbalance
GI dsturbances
Superinfections
All of the above
True
False
Good G+ coverage and moderate G- activity
No antipseudomonal activity
Renal excretion
Acid resistance-orally given
All of the above are true
Have lower G+ activity
Have higher G- activity
Lack antipseudomonal activity and are acid sensitive
Have B-lactamase resistance and are excreted by the kidney
Include Cephaclor and Cefprozil
Metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidney
Have good CNS penetration (cefoperazone, cefotaxime)
Are very effective against G-, less effective against G+, and have antipseudomonal activity (few)
Acid resistant and increased B-lactamase resistance
All of the above
Is the only 4th generation cephalosporin
Is more resistant to B-lactamase and can only be given parenterally
Has antipseudomonal activity and has better G+ coverage
Is excreted renally
All of the above
They're fairly safer than penicillins
Still cause superinfections
Can cause dose-dependend renal tubular necrosis
Synergistic nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides
All of the above
Are resistant to B-lactamases
Have no activity agains G+ and anaerobes
Acid sensitive (IM/IV only)
No cross-sensitivity with other b-lactam antibiotics
All of the above
Are Imipenem and Meropenem
Given IV only
Broad spectrum activity but pseudomonal resistance may develop (combination with aminoglycosides is recommended)
Imipenem can cause seizures
All of the above
Prevents peptidoglycan elongation and is bactericidal
Is very useful against penicillin/methicillin-resistant S. aureus
VRE are usually resistant to all other antibiotics (drug of last resort)
Adverse effects are ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome (flushing from histamine release)
All of the above
Inhibits transmembrane transport of the peptidoglycan subunits
Is a cyclic polypeptide
Is used topically due to nephrotoxicity
A, B, and C are correct
All of the above are incorrect
Is a broad-spectrum antibiotic
Inhibits attachment of peptide side chain to the peptidoglycan
Used only to treat TB (second line)
All of the above
None of the above
Cell wall formatio inhibitors
Inhibitors of cell membrane permeability
Inhibitors of protein synthesis
Broad-spectrum
Penicillins are among them
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