Quiz : Anti Infectives Questions And Answers

A C&S (Culture and Sensitivity) is a laboratory test used to identify and determine the susceptibility of microbes to specific antibiotics. It involves obtaining a sample from an infected area, culturing it in a suitable medium, and then testing the isolated microorganisms against various antibiotics to determine the most effective treatment. This test helps healthcare professionals in selecting the appropriate antibiotic therapy for a specific infection, ensuring targeted and effective treatment.

The correct answer is "Before antibiotic infusion." This means that Linda understands that a C&S (Culture and Sensitivity) test should be performed before administering antibiotics. This is because the test is used to identify the specific bacteria causing an infection and determine which antibiotics will be effective in treating it. By conducting the test before giving antibiotics, healthcare providers can ensure that the chosen treatment will be appropriate for the infection.

Lucy should not get cephalosporin as an antibiotic because she is allergic to penicillin. Cephalosporin is a class of antibiotics that is structurally similar to penicillin, so there is a higher chance of cross-reactivity and an allergic reaction occurring. It is important to avoid cephalosporin in patients with a known penicillin allergy to prevent any adverse reactions.

The "red man" reaction is a known side effect of Vancomycin, an anti-infective medication. This reaction is characterized by redness of the skin, particularly from the neck up. It is caused by the release of histamine due to a rapid infusion rate of Vancomycin. To alleviate this reaction, Nick turns down the infusion rate and monitors the patient for improvement. Methicillin, Tetracycline, and Antiviral are not associated with the "red man" reaction.

The correct answer is "Wash hands." This is because MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a highly contagious bacteria that can be spread through direct contact. Washing hands with soap and water is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of MRSA, as it helps remove the bacteria from the hands and reduces the risk of transferring it to other surfaces or individuals. Using Vancomycin or gentamycin may be effective in treating MRSA infections, but it does not prevent the spread of the bacteria. Using a bleach-based hand wash and cleaning detergent can help disinfect surfaces, but it is not as effective as proper hand hygiene in preventing the spread of MRSA.

The most important education to teach the patient about Fluoroquinolones is to report tendon pain. Fluoroquinolones have been associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older patients and those who are concurrently taking corticosteroids. It is crucial for patients to be aware of this potential side effect and to promptly report any tendon pain or swelling to their healthcare provider to prevent further complications. Monitoring for easy bruising, altering contraception, and being aware of the potential for angioedema are also important, but reporting tendon pain takes precedence due to the risk of tendon rupture.

Sulfonamides should not be taken by Lynn because she is allergic to fish. Sulfonamides are a group of antibiotics that can cause cross-reactivity in individuals who are allergic to fish. This means that if someone is allergic to fish, they may also have an allergic reaction to sulfonamides. Therefore, it is important for Lynn to avoid taking sulfonamides to prevent any adverse allergic reactions.

The nurse's statement about the side effects of gentamicin is correct. Gentamicin is an antibiotic medication that can have ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as potential side effects. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear, which can lead to hearing loss and balance problems. Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage or impairment of kidney function. These side effects are important to monitor for in patients receiving gentamicin to ensure their safety and well-being.

Fluoroquinolones should not be given to a 16-year-old patient because they can cause damage to the developing bones and cartilage. This class of antibiotics has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders in young patients, including tendonitis and tendon rupture. Therefore, it is important to avoid prescribing fluoroquinolones to individuals who are still growing and developing.

Drug-resistant infections are not easier to acquire. In fact, they are more difficult to acquire compared to infections caused by non-resistant bacteria. Drug-resistant infections occur when bacteria or other microorganisms develop the ability to survive and multiply despite the presence of antibiotics. These resistant strains often emerge as a result of overuse or misuse of antibiotics. However, acquiring a drug-resistant infection still requires exposure to the resistant bacteria, which may not be as common or widespread as non-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the statement that drug-resistant infections are easier to acquire is false.

Donald is most likely taking Flagyl because one of the side effects of this antibiotic is an unpleasant metal taste in the mouth. This side effect can cause concern and make someone think that something is wrong. Zovirax, Methicillin, and Vancomycin are not known to cause this specific side effect.

The nurse would include the instruction to rinse for 2-3 minutes before spitting/swallowing when educating a patient about nystatin. This is because nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections in the mouth and throat. Rinsing the mouth with the medication helps to ensure that it reaches all areas of the affected area and maximizes its effectiveness. Additionally, rinsing before spitting or swallowing helps to remove any remaining medication from the mouth, reducing the risk of side effects or adverse reactions.

Pseudomembranous colitis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome are both known side effects of Ciproflaxin.

Using hand gel that kills germs may not be effective in killing the c-diff bacteria. C-diff is a highly contagious bacterium that causes severe diarrhea and can spread easily through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. Washing hands with soap and water is the recommended method for removing and killing the bacteria. Wearing gloves when within 3 feet of Larry and entering the room with a face shield on are additional precautions to prevent the spread of c-diff.

The main concern with taking the antiviral antibiotic Zovirax while having chickenpox is the possibility of experiencing seizures. Seizures are a potential side effect of Zovirax, and individuals with chickenpox may be more susceptible to this adverse reaction. It is important to monitor for any signs of seizures while taking this medication and seek medical attention if any occur.

Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe inflammation of the colon that can be caused by the overgrowth of a bacteria called Clostridium difficile. This condition is most commonly associated with the use of certain antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins. Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut, allowing Clostridium difficile to proliferate and cause infection. Therefore, monitoring for the development of pseudomembranous colitis is especially important when using cephalosporin antibiotics.

Angioedema is a potential side effect of Zithromax. Angioedema is a condition characterized by swelling in the deeper layers of the skin, often around the face, lips, and throat. It can be a serious allergic reaction and may cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. It is important for the nurse to be aware of this risk and monitor the patient closely for any signs or symptoms of angioedema after administering Zithromax.

VRSA (Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a strain of bacteria that has developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin. The question asks what teaches VRSA resistance, and the correct answer is MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA is another strain of bacteria that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, including methicillin. Since VRSA and MRSA are both resistant to antibiotics, it is likely that exposure to MRSA can contribute to the development of VRSA resistance.

The nurse would need to use all of these statements to educate their patient about tetracyclines. Tetracyclines should not be taken with milk or milk products or antacids because they can interfere with the absorption of the medication. It is also important to avoid taking tetracyclines during the last half of pregnancy or in children under 8 years of age due to the risk of tooth discoloration and impaired bone growth. Patients should be educated to avoid excessive sun or ultraviolet light while taking tetracyclines as it can increase the risk of sunburn and skin damage. Female patients should also be advised to use nonhormonal contraception while taking tetracyclines as they can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.

The nurse is going to monitor Mary for anaphylaxis because penicillin can cause an allergic reaction in some individuals. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur shortly after receiving a medication. The nurse will also give IM injections into a large muscle to decrease pain, which is a common practice to administer medication effectively and minimize discomfort.