The sympathetic nervous system's primary process is to stimulate the body's fight-or-flight response. It is, however, constantly active at a basic level to maintain homeostasis homodynamic. An over active Sympathetic can lead to poor digestion, constipation, anxiety, shallow breathing and increased heart rate. Test your knowledge of this through the test below.
Vagus nerve activity
Sympathetic stimulation
Neurosecretory substance
Parasympathetic innervation
Involuntary nervous system
General visceral motor system
A system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
A system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
Somatic nervous system
Cerebrum
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
To some degrees in target responses to their neurotransmitters
Their efferent pathways
All of the neurotransmitters
Their effectors
A beta-blocker
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Anti cholinesterase
Submandibular ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Otic ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Increase of heart rate and force
Dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
Constriction of most blood vessels
Dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
XII
VII
X
V
Somatic division
Sympathetic division
Peripheral nervous system
Parasympathetic division
Medulla
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Cardiac muscle
Most glands
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Elimination of urine
Salivation
Dilation of the pupils
Increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers
Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers
Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar
Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served
Preganglionic fibers are long
Inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
Preganglionic fibers are short
First coccyx
Third lumbar
First thoracic
Second cervical
Both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
The cell bodies of motor neurons
Synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
An outer connective tissue capsule around the cel bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
Optic
Abducens
Oculomotor
Trochlear
White rami communicantes
Spinal nerves
Gray rami communicantes
Splanchnic nerves
Cardiac
Pulmonary
Celiac
Esophageal
Somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
Visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
Visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
Visceral arcs do not use integration centers
Ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
Pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
Synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
Synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
Causes blood pressure to rise
Determines normal activity of the urinary tract
Prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
Accelerates activity of the digestive tract
Carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
Are unmyelinated
Are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments
Carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery
Increase a dangerously low heart rate
Are potent antidepressants
Have widespread sympathetic effects
Decrease heart rate and blood pressure
Is primarily under sympathetic control
Is primarily under parasympathetic control
Depends very little on autonomic activation
Is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input