The Sympathetic Nervous System (Sns) Quiz Questions

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  • 1/38 Questions

    The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ____________________________.

    • Vagus nerve activity
    • Sympathetic stimulation
    • Neurosecretory substance
    • Parasympathetic innervation
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About This Quiz

The sympathetic nervous system's primary process is to stimulate the body's fight-or-flight response. It is, however, constantly active at a basic level to maintain homeostasis homodynamic. An over active Sympathetic can lead to poor digestion, constipation, anxiety, shallow breathing and increased heart rate. Test your knowledge of this through the test below.

The Sympathetic Nervous System (Sns) Quiz Questions - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following does not describe the ANS?

    • Involuntary nervous system

    • General visceral motor system

    • A system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

    • A system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells

    Correct Answer
    A. A system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
    Explanation
    The ANS, or autonomic nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions. It consists of two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The ANS regulates various processes such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It does not directly innervate skeletal muscle cells, which are controlled by the somatic nervous system. Therefore, the statement "a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells" does not describe the ANS.

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  • 3. 

    Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________________________________.

    • Somatic nervous system

    • Cerebrum

    • Parasympathetic nervous system

    • Sympathetic nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic nervous system
    Explanation
    The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response. This response involves increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and releasing stress hormones, all of which help the body to respond to a perceived threat or danger.

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  • 4. 

    The somatic and autonomic nervous system differ in all of the following except ____________.

    • To some degrees in target responses to their neurotransmitters

    • Their efferent pathways

    • All of the neurotransmitters

    • Their effectors

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the neurotransmitters
    Explanation
    The somatic and autonomic nervous system differ in their efferent pathways, target responses to neurotransmitters, and effectors. However, they do not differ in terms of all of the neurotransmitters. This implies that both systems may use some of the same neurotransmitters in their functions.

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  • 5. 

    A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be _____________________.

    • A beta-blocker

    • Norepinephrine

    • Epinephrine

    • Anti cholinesterase

    Correct Answer
    A. A beta-blocker
    Explanation
    A beta-blocker is a drug that can be used to specifically reduce heart rate in cardiac patients. Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the beta receptors in the heart, which in turn reduces the heart rate. This can be beneficial for cardiac patients as it helps to decrease the workload on the heart and improve its overall function. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are both hormones that can increase heart rate, so they would not be used to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients. Anti cholinesterase drugs work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, which can lead to an increase in heart rate, so they would also not be used to specifically reduce heart rate in cardiac patients.

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  • 6. 

    A parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ______________.

    • Submandibular ganglion

    • Pterygopalatine ganglion

    • Otic ganglion

    • Ciliary ganglion

    Correct Answer
    A. Ciliary ganglion
    Explanation
    The ciliary ganglion is the correct answer because it is the parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye. The ciliary ganglion is located behind the eye and is responsible for controlling the muscles that control the shape of the lens, the size of the pupil, and the production of tears. It receives parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve and sends out postganglionic fibers to the eye. The other options listed, submandibular ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and otic ganglion, do not serve the eye and are involved in different functions of the head and neck.

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  • 7. 

    Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________________________.

    • Increase of heart rate and force

    • Dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

    • Constriction of most blood vessels

    • Dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
    Explanation
    The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body. It activates the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which leads to an increase in heart rate and force of contraction, as mentioned in the first option. It also causes constriction of most blood vessels, which helps redirect blood flow to the vital organs and muscles, as mentioned in the third option. However, the sympathetic division does not cause dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera, as mentioned in the second option. Instead, it diverts blood away from these areas to prioritize blood flow to the skeletal muscles, which is mentioned in the fourth option.

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  • 8. 

    Ove 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number _______.

    • XII

    • VII

    • X

    • V

    Correct Answer
    A. X
    Explanation
    Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number X, also known as the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve and it innervates various organs in the body, including the heart, lungs, and digestive system. It plays a crucial role in regulating the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for rest and digest activities. Therefore, it can be concluded that the correct answer is X.

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  • 9. 

    The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ______________________.

    • Somatic division

    • Sympathetic division

    • Peripheral nervous system

    • Parasympathetic division

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasympathetic division
    Explanation
    The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the parasympathetic division. This division is responsible for promoting relaxation and conservation of energy in the body. It helps regulate processes such as digestion, urination, and sexual arousal. It works in opposition to the sympathetic division, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body.

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  • 10. 

    Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the _______________________.

    • Medulla

    • Thalamus

    • Cerebellum

    • Hypothalamus

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus
    Explanation
    The hypothalamus is responsible for controlling temperature regulation, endocrine activity, and thirst. It acts as a control center for maintaining homeostasis in the body by regulating various bodily functions, including body temperature, hormone secretion, and fluid balance. The hypothalamus receives information from the body and initiates appropriate responses to maintain a stable internal environment. This makes the hypothalamus the correct answer for the given question.

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  • 11. 

    Which of these effectors are not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

    • Cardiac muscle

    • Most glands

    • Smooth muscle

    • Skeletal muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal muscle
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and glandular secretion. However, skeletal muscle is under the control of the somatic nervous system, which is responsible for voluntary movements. Therefore, skeletal muscle is not directly influenced by the autonomic nervous system.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

    • Elimination of urine

    • Salivation

    • Dilation of the pupils

    • Increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

    Correct Answer
    A. Dilation of the pupils
    Explanation
    Dilation of the pupils is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation. Parasympathetic stimulation causes constriction of the pupils, known as miosis, while sympathetic stimulation causes dilation of the pupils, known as mydriasis.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following statements is not true?

    • Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers

    • Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers

    • Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar

    • Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar
    Explanation
    The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system originates from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, while the parasympathetic division originates from the craniosacral region. Therefore, the statement "Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar" is not true.

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  • 14. 

    Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because _________________.

    • Preganglionic fibers are long

    • Inactivation of ACh is fairly slow

    • NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

    • Preganglionic fibers are short

    Correct Answer
    A. NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
    Explanation
    Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response. These neurotransmitters are released from the adrenal medulla and are able to circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream. This allows them to reach various target organs and tissues, resulting in a widespread physiological response. Additionally, NE and epinephrine have a longer duration of action compared to other neurotransmitters, allowing for a sustained sympathetic response.

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  • 15. 

    Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

    • First coccyx

    • Third lumbar

    • First thoracic

    • Second cervical

    Correct Answer
    A. First thoracic
    Explanation
    The sympathetic nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for the body's fight or flight response. These nerves leave the spinal cord at specific levels called ganglia. The ganglia associated with the sympathetic nerves are located along the length of the spinal cord, with the first thoracic vertebra being the level at which the first ganglia is found. Therefore, the sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at the first thoracic vertebra.

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  • 16. 

    Autonomic ganglia contain _____________________________________________.

    • Both somatic afferent and efferent neurons

    • The cell bodies of motor neurons

    • Synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors

    • An outer connective tissue capsule around the cel bodies of preganglionic motor neurons

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell bodies of motor neurons
    Explanation
    Autonomic ganglia contain the cell bodies of motor neurons. These motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the effector organs. The autonomic ganglia act as relay stations, where the preganglionic fibers synapse with the postganglionic fibers, allowing for the transmission of signals to the effector organs.

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  • 17. 

    The parasympathetic fibers of the _____________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.

    • Optic

    • Abducens

    • Oculomotor

    • Trochlear

    Correct Answer
    A. Oculomotor
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.

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  • 18. 

    Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ____________________________.

    • White rami communicantes

    • Spinal nerves

    • Gray rami communicantes

    • Splanchnic nerves

    Correct Answer
    A. Splanchnic nerves
    Explanation
    The fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called splanchnic nerves. These nerves are responsible for carrying sympathetic fibers to the viscera and other organs in the body. Unlike the white and gray rami communicantes, which are involved in the communication between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic chain, the splanchnic nerves have a direct connection to the organs they innervate.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve?

    • Cardiac

    • Pulmonary

    • Celiac

    • Esophageal

    Correct Answer
    A. Celiac
    Explanation
    The celiac plexus is not a plexus of the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve primarily innervates the heart, lungs, and esophagus, but it does not directly innervate the celiac plexus. The celiac plexus is a network of nerves located around the celiac artery in the abdomen, and it primarily innervates the abdominal organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines.

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  • 20. 

    Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that __________________________________.

    • Somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess

    • Visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

    • Visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons

    • Visceral arcs do not use integration centers

    Correct Answer
    A. Visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
    Explanation
    Visceral reflex arcs involve two motor neurons, whereas somatic arcs only involve one. This means that in visceral reflex arcs, there is an additional motor neuron that connects the integration center to the effector organ or gland. This allows for more complex and coordinated responses in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions.

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  • 21. 

    Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?

    • Ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion

    • Pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron

    • Synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

    • Synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

    Correct Answer
    A. Synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
    Explanation
    Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion, pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron, and synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion. However, sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons do not synapse with each other within the same trunk ganglion. Therefore, the correct answer is "synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion."

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  • 22. 

    The parasympathetic tone __________________________________________.

    • Causes blood pressure to rise

    • Determines normal activity of the urinary tract

    • Prevents unnecessary heart deceleration

    • Accelerates activity of the digestive tract

    Correct Answer
    A. Determines normal activity of the urinary tract
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic tone refers to the level of activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's rest and digest response. This tone helps regulate the normal activity of the urinary tract, ensuring proper functioning and control of urinary processes such as urine production and bladder emptying.

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  • 23. 

    The white rami communicantes _______________________________________.

    • Carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain

    • Are unmyelinated

    • Are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments

    • Carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery

    Correct Answer
    A. Carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
    Explanation
    The white rami communicantes are a part of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for carrying preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain. These axons are myelinated, which allows for faster transmission of signals. The sympathetic chain is a series of ganglia that run parallel to the spinal cord and is involved in the fight or flight response. By carrying preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain, the white rami communicantes play a crucial role in transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the peripheral organs and tissues.

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  • 24. 

    Beta-blockers ______________________________________________.

    • Increase a dangerously low heart rate

    • Are potent antidepressants

    • Have widespread sympathetic effects

    • Decrease heart rate and blood pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure
    Explanation
    Beta-blockers are a class of medications that work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body. By doing so, they can decrease heart rate and blood pressure. This can be beneficial for individuals with conditions such as high blood pressure or certain heart conditions. By reducing the workload on the heart, beta-blockers can help to lower blood pressure and decrease the heart rate, leading to a more stable cardiovascular system.

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  • 25. 

    Erection of the penis or clitoris _________________________________________________________.

    • Is primarily under sympathetic control

    • Is primarily under parasympathetic control

    • Depends very little on autonomic activation

    • Is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input

    Correct Answer
    A. Is primarily under parasympathetic control
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that erection of the penis or clitoris is primarily under parasympathetic control. This means that the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for rest and digest functions, plays a major role in causing and maintaining an erection. Parasympathetic activation leads to the release of nitric oxide, which causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow to the genital area, resulting in an erection. Sympathetic activation also contributes to the process, but the parasympathetic system is the primary controller of penile and clitoral erection.

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  • 26. 

    Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

    • Regulation of respiratory rate

    • Regulation of body temperature

    • Regulation of cardiac rate

    • Regulation of pupil size

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulation of body temperature
    Explanation
    The regulation of body temperature is a uniquely sympathetic function because it involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. When the body temperature rises, the sympathetic nervous system increases blood flow to the skin, stimulates sweat glands, and dilates blood vessels to release heat. Conversely, when the body temperature drops, the sympathetic nervous system constricts blood vessels and stimulates shivering to generate heat. This unique involvement of the sympathetic nervous system distinguishes the regulation of body temperature as a sympathetic function.

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  • 27. 

    Raynaud's disease _______________________________________.

    • Is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities

    • Is induced by heat stress

    • Occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord

    • Is frequently life threatening

    Correct Answer
    A. Is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
    Explanation
    Raynaud's disease is a condition that is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities. This means that the blood vessels in the fingers and toes narrow more than usual in response to cold temperatures or stress. This can result in a lack of blood flow to these areas, causing them to turn white or blue and feel numb or cold. It is not induced by heat stress, occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord, or is frequently life-threatening.

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  • 28. 

    Autonomic dysreflexia ______________________________________.

    • Is also know as autonomic areflexia

    • Usually precedes spinal shock

    • Involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons

    • Results from over excitatory input from the cortex

    Correct Answer
    A. Involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
    Explanation
    Autonomic dysreflexia involves the uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons. Autonomic dysreflexia is a condition that occurs in individuals with spinal cord injuries, where there is an abnormal response of the autonomic nervous system. This leads to a sudden and potentially dangerous increase in blood pressure, which can be triggered by various stimuli below the level of injury. The uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons is responsible for the symptoms experienced during autonomic dysreflexia, such as severe headache, flushing, sweating, and bradycardia.

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  • 29. 

    Which sympathetic fibers form the splanchnic nerve?

    • Those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered

    • Those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers

    • Those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or pre vertebral ganglia

    • Those are synapse with somatic fibers

    Correct Answer
    A. Those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or pre vertebral ganglia
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or pre vertebral ganglia". The splanchnic nerves are a group of sympathetic nerves that carry fibers from the sympathetic chain ganglia to the collateral or pre vertebral ganglia. These fibers do not synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered or with parasympathetic fibers. Additionally, they are not involved in synapsing with somatic fibers.

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  • 30. 

    In aging, autonomic inefficiency is often due to _______________________

    • Major loss of axons

    • Clogging of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments

    • Cerebral hemorrhage

    • Peripheral vascular changes

    Correct Answer
    A. Clogging of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments
    Explanation
    In aging, autonomic inefficiency is often due to clogging of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments. As individuals age, there can be an accumulation of filaments in the axon terminals, which can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the autonomic nervous system. This can result in various symptoms such as impaired regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion.

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  • 31. 

    Where would you to find an autonomic ganglion?

    • Close to the visceral effectors they serve

    • In the armpit

    • In the head

    • In the cervical region

    Correct Answer
    A. In the armpit
    Explanation
    Autonomic ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies that are part of the autonomic nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting signals between the central nervous system and the visceral effectors they serve, such as the smooth muscles of organs and glands. Therefore, it makes sense to find an autonomic ganglion close to the visceral effectors they serve, which is the explanation for the correct answer "close to the visceral effectors they serve".

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  • 32. 

    Sympathetic division stimulation causes _________________________________________________.

    • Decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

    • Increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

    • Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

    • Decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
    Explanation
    Sympathetic division stimulation causes increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

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  • 33. 

    The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the __________________________.

    • Tenth cranial nerve

    • Lumbar splanchnic nerves

    • Pelvic nerves

    • Cephalic plexus

    Correct Answer
    A. Tenth cranial nerve
    Explanation
    The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera, which includes the organs of the digestive system, is primarily innervated by the tenth cranial nerve, also known as the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve plays a crucial role in regulating the function of the digestive system by controlling the movement and contraction of the smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract. It helps in promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as regulating the release of digestive enzymes and hormones.

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  • 34. 

    The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________________________.

    • Sympathetic trunk

    • Phrenic nerve

    • Vagus nerve

    • Sacral nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Vagus nerve
    Explanation
    The vagus nerve is the correct answer because it is responsible for carrying the majority of parasympathetic outflow from the head. The vagus nerve originates in the brainstem and travels down through the neck and thorax, innervating various organs including the heart, lungs, and digestive system. It plays a crucial role in regulating functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion. The sympathetic trunk, phrenic nerve, and sacral nerve are not primarily involved in parasympathetic outflow from the head.

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  • 35. 

    Parasympathetic functions include ____________________________.

    • Mobilizing storage energy sources

    • Lens accommodation for close vision

    • A stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction

    • Allowing the body to cope with an external threat

    Correct Answer
    A. Lens accommodation for close vision
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic functions include lens accommodation for close vision. This means that when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the lens of the eye to change shape in order to focus on nearby objects. This is a normal physiological response that allows us to see clearly at close distances.

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  • 36. 

    Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the _________________________.

    • Hypothalamus

    • Lateral horn of the spinal cord

    • Lateral geniculate of the thalamus

    • Inferior colliculus

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypothalamus
    Explanation
    The hypothalamus is responsible for integrating and regulating various autonomic functions, including those related to emotions. It plays a crucial role in coordinating the body's response to emotional stimuli by controlling the release of hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, which are involved in the fight-or-flight response. Additionally, the hypothalamus is connected to other brain regions involved in emotional processing, such as the amygdala, allowing for the integration of emotional information and the generation of appropriate autonomic reactions.

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  • 37. 

    The possibility of some control over autonomic responses is demonstrated by _______________________.

    • Nightmares

    • Stress-induced hypertension

    • Split brain studies

    • Biofeedback

    Correct Answer
    A. Biofeedback
    Explanation
    Biofeedback is a technique that allows individuals to gain control over their autonomic responses by providing them with real-time information about their bodily functions, such as heart rate or muscle tension. Through this process, individuals can learn to regulate their physiological responses, such as reducing stress-induced hypertension or managing nightmares. Split brain studies, on the other hand, investigate the functional differences between the brain's hemispheres and do not directly demonstrate control over autonomic responses. Therefore, the correct answer is biofeedback.

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  • 38. 

    The vagus nerve does not innervate the _____________________________________.

    • Kidneys

    • Gallbladder

    • Parotid gland

    • Pancreas

    Correct Answer
    A. Parotid gland
    Explanation
    The vagus nerve is responsible for innervating various organs in the body, including the kidneys, gallbladder, and pancreas. However, it does not innervate the parotid gland. The parotid gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve, which is a separate cranial nerve.

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  • Current Version
  • Aug 30, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 18, 2017
    Quiz Created by
    Caitlynallison

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