Dr Gawad Physiology Course Online Exams -sympathetic Nervous System

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to generalized actions affecting many systems in the body. This is because the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action in response to stress or danger. These actions include increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, dilation of the pupils, increased blood flow to the muscles, and decreased blood flow to the digestive system. Overall, the sympathetic nervous system activation affects multiple physiological processes to ensure the body is ready to respond to a perceived threat.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations. Its stimulation increases heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure. However, it causes vasoconstriction in most blood vessels, including those in skeletal muscles, to redirect blood flow to vital organs. Therefore, the statement that it has a vasoconstrictive effect on skeletal muscle blood vessels is incorrect.

The sympathetic system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which involves increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and activating sweat glands. However, it does not control the constriction of the pupil. Pupil constriction is controlled by the parasympathetic system, which is responsible for rest and digest activities.

Stimulation of the cervical division of sympathetic nerves can cause exophthalmos, which refers to the abnormal protrusion or bulging of the eyeball. This can occur due to increased sympathetic activity leading to the dilation of blood vessels and increased pressure in the orbit, causing the eyeball to be pushed forward. Exophthalmos is commonly associated with conditions such as Graves' disease, where there is an overactive thyroid gland that stimulates the sympathetic nerves.

The sympathetic tone is most important for maintaining the systemic arterial blood pressure constant. The sympathetic nervous system helps regulate blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and releasing stress hormones like adrenaline. These actions increase the resistance to blood flow and raise blood pressure. Therefore, the sympathetic tone plays a crucial role in maintaining a constant arterial blood pressure level.

The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the fight or flight response and is responsible for preparing the body for intense physical activity. While it does supply many organs in the body, it does not supply every organ. Some organs, such as the salivary glands and the genital organs, are primarily innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore, the statement that the sympathetic nervous system supplies every organ in the body is incorrect.

The correct answer is "Are found in the greater splanchnic nerves." Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the autonomic ganglia. These fibers are found in specific nerves called splanchnic nerves, with the greater splanchnic nerves being one of them. These nerves are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are involved in the regulation of various visceral functions.