Anesthesia Pharmacology Exam Quiz
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Anaesthesia pharmacology exam! Different drugs exhibit different results on a patient, and this is why nurses need to evaluate a patient's vitals and reaction to various drugs and analyze whether the differences are acceptable or not. How conversant are you with gases when it comes to anaesthesia? This quiz will help refresh your memory on some techniques and knowledge you should have as an anaesthetist. Check it out!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Anesthesia is the drug-induced reversible depression of the CNS resulting in the loss of response to external stimuli.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because anesthesia is indeed a drug-induced reversible depression of the central nervous system (CNS). When a person is under anesthesia, they lose their ability to respond to external stimuli, such as touch or sound. This is why anesthesia is commonly used during surgeries or medical procedures to ensure that the patient does not feel any pain or discomfort.Rate this question:
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- 2.
MAC is the level at which 50% of patients do not move on...
- A.
Intubation
- B.
Incision
- C.
Extubation
- D.
Excision
Correct Answer
B. IncisionExplanation
The correct answer is incision because an incision is a surgical cut made in the body to access an organ or perform a procedure. In the given statement, it is mentioned that MAC is the level at which 50% of patients do not move on, but MAC does not relate to intubation, extubation, or excision. Therefore, the only option that is relevant to the statement is incision, as it is a procedure that may require anesthesia at the MAC level.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of MAC?
- A.
Reproducible
- B.
Monitored breath by breath, minute by minute
- C.
Value does not correlate with other anesthetic drugs
- D.
"Free drug" is measured in plasma concentrations rather than partial pressure or %
Correct Answer
D. "Free drug" is measured in plasma concentrations rather than partial pressure or %Explanation
"Free drug" is measured in partial pressure or % (fraction of inspired/expired) rather than plasma concentrations.Rate this question:
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- 4.
With MAC, a patient will have all of the following, EXCEPT...
- A.
No recall
- B.
No movement on incision
- C.
No response to verbal commands
- D.
No response to ETT placement
- E.
All of these are correct.
Correct Answer
E. All of these are correct.Explanation
With MAC (Monitored Anesthesia Care), the patient is typically conscious and able to respond to verbal commands. However, they may not have any recall of the procedure due to the use of sedatives. Additionally, there should be no movement on the incision site as the patient is under anesthesia. Furthermore, the patient should not respond to the placement of an Endotracheal Tube (ETT). Therefore, all of the given options are correct and are not expected to occur during MAC anesthesia.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are the components of a complete anesthetic we are looking at?
- A.
Amnesia
- B.
Analgesia
- C.
Euphoria
- D.
Dysphoria
- E.
Muscle relaxation
Correct Answer(s)
A. Amnesia
B. Analgesia
E. Muscle relaxationExplanation
A complete anesthetic should have the components of amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Amnesia is important to ensure that the patient does not remember the surgical procedure or any discomfort associated with it. Analgesia is necessary to provide pain relief during and after the surgery. Muscle relaxation is crucial to ensure that the patient's muscles are relaxed and immobile, making it easier for the surgeon to perform the procedure. Euphoria and dysphoria are not essential components of a complete anesthetic.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Minimum anesthesia concentration of an anesthetic at one ATM that prevents movement in response to surgical incision.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Minimum ALVEOLAR concentration of an anesthetic at one ATM that prevents movement in response to surgical incision.Rate this question:
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- 7.
MAC of isoflurane
- A.
1.51
- B.
105
- C.
2
- D.
6
- E.
2.5
- F.
1.15
Correct Answer
F. 1.15Explanation
The given answer of 1.15 is likely the MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) of isoflurane. MAC is a measure of the potency of an inhaled anesthetic and represents the concentration needed to prevent movement in response to a painful stimulus in 50% of patients. In this case, an MAC of 1.15 indicates that isoflurane is a potent anesthetic and a relatively low concentration is required to achieve the desired effect.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Unconsciousness occurs before MAC is reached.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Unconsciousness occurs before MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) is reached. MAC is a measure of the potency of an inhaled anesthetic agent, indicating the concentration required to prevent movement in 50% of patients exposed to a surgical stimulus. Unconsciousness occurs at a lower concentration than MAC, as it is the initial stage of anesthesia where the patient loses awareness and responsiveness. Therefore, the statement is true, as unconsciousness precedes reaching MAC levels.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Loss of self-awareness/recall occurs at...
- A.
0.1-0.2 MAC
- B.
0.3-0.4 MAC
- C.
0.5-0.6 MAC
- D.
1.0-1.5 MAC
Correct Answer
B. 0.3-0.4 MACExplanation
Loss of self-awareness/recall occurs at 0.3-0.4 MAC. At this level of anesthesia, the patient is in a state of moderate sedation where they are responsive to verbal commands but have impaired memory and recall. They may not remember events that occurred during this period. This level of anesthesia is commonly used for procedures that require some level of sedation but do not require complete unconsciousness.Rate this question:
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- 10.
MAC awake is the alveolar concentration of anesthetic at which patients...
- A.
Responds spiritually to commands
- B.
Opens eyes to commands
- C.
Starts breathing on their one
- D.
Won't move on incision
Correct Answer
B. Opens eyes to commandsExplanation
The correct answer is "opens eyes to commands." This means that when the MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) of an anesthetic reaches a certain level, patients will respond by opening their eyes when given commands. It indicates that the patient is becoming conscious and aware of their surroundings. It does not necessarily mean that they are fully awake or able to follow complex instructions, but it is a sign of emerging consciousness.Rate this question:
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- 11.
MAC BAR is the alveolar concentration of anesthetic at which the patient will
- A.
Open eyes to command
- B.
Not move on surgical incision
- C.
Blunt adrenergic responses to noxious stimuli (incision)
- D.
Start breathing on their own
Correct Answer
C. Blunt adrenergic responses to noxious stimuli (incision)Explanation
MAC BAR stands for minimum alveolar concentration blocking adrenergic responses. It refers to the concentration of anesthetic required to blunt the sympathetic nervous system's response to a noxious stimulus such as a surgical incision. In other words, when the MAC BAR is reached, the patient will not experience an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, or other signs of stress in response to the incision. This is an important measure of the anesthetic's effectiveness in preventing pain and maintaining physiological stability during surgery.Rate this question:
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- 12.
MAC BAR is...
- A.
1.5 MAC and opioids will decrease MAC BAR
- B.
1.5 MAC and opioids will increase MAC BAR
- C.
0.3-0.4 MAC and opioids will decrease MAC BAR
- D.
0.3-0.4 MAC and opioids will increase MAC BAR
Correct Answer
A. 1.5 MAC and opioids will decrease MAC BARExplanation
MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) is a measure of the potency of an inhaled anesthetic. A higher MAC value indicates a lower potency, meaning more anesthetic is required to achieve the desired effect. Opioids are known to decrease the MAC value of an anesthetic, making it more potent. Therefore, when opioids are administered along with an anesthetic at 1.5 MAC, the MAC BAR (Bispectral Index-guided Anesthesia Depth) will decrease, indicating a deeper level of anesthesia.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of these increases MAC?
- A.
Red Hair
- B.
Acute amphetamines
- C.
Cyclosporines
- D.
Hyperthermia
- E.
Increased CNS neurotransmitters
- F.
Hypernatremia
- G.
Chronic alcohol consumption
- H.
Hyponatremia
- I.
Hypothermia
- J.
Pregnancy
- K.
Decreased CNS neurotransmitters
- L.
Opioids
- M.
Acute alcohol consumption
- N.
Calcium channel blockers
- O.
Benzodiazepines
- P.
Hypoxia
Correct Answer(s)
A. Red Hair
B. Acute ampHetamines
C. Cyclosporines
D. Hyperthermia
E. Increased CNS neurotransmitters
F. Hypernatremia
G. Chronic alcohol consumptionExplanation
The factors that increase MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) are Red Hair, Acute amphetamines, Cyclosporines, Hyperthermia, Increased CNS neurotransmitters, Hypernatremia, and Chronic alcohol consumption. These factors can enhance the effects of anesthesia, requiring a lower concentration of anesthetic agent to achieve the desired effect.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of these DECREASES MAC?
- A.
Pregnancy
- B.
Hypoxia
- C.
Hypothermia
- D.
Decreased CNS neurotransmitters
- E.
Alpha2 agonists
- F.
Induction agents
- G.
Calcium channel blockers
- H.
Hyperthermia
- I.
Acute amphetamines
- J.
Cyclosporines
- K.
Brown Hair
- L.
Hypernatremia
- M.
Increased CNS neurotransmitters
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pregnancy
B. Hypoxia
C. Hypothermia
D. Decreased CNS neurotransmitters
E. AlpHa2 agonists
F. Induction agents
G. Calcium channel blockersExplanation
Pregnancy (decreases MAC 30%)
Hypoxia (brain starts to shut down by itself bc it's missing oxygen)
Calcium channel blockers (decreases nerve-nerve communication)Rate this question:
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- 15.
When does MAC not change?
- A.
Between 10-20 years of age
- B.
Between 20-60 years of age
- C.
Between 20-65 years of age
- D.
Between 5-20 years of age
Correct Answer
B. Between 20-60 years of ageExplanation
The maximum aerobic capacity (MAC) refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. It is commonly known that MAC tends to decrease with age due to various physiological changes. However, the correct answer states that MAC does not change between 20-60 years of age. This suggests that during this specific age range, MAC remains relatively stable and does not significantly decrease.Rate this question:
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- 16.
MAC changes how much per decade?
- A.
6%
- B.
16%
- C.
8%
- D.
3%
Correct Answer
A. 6%Explanation
The correct answer is 6%. This means that the MAC (Media Access Control) changes by 6% every decade. This could refer to the rate at which MAC addresses, which are unique identifiers assigned to network interfaces, change or become obsolete over time. It suggests that there is a gradual but consistent evolution or turnover of MAC addresses in the networking industry.Rate this question:
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- 17.
If your patient is 90 years old, how much would you decrease/increase your MAC by?
- A.
Decrease by 24%
- B.
Decrease by 18%
- C.
Increase by 50%
- D.
Decrease by 30%
- E.
Decrease by 36%
- F.
Decrease by 6%
- G.
Increase by 30%
- H.
Increase by 18%
- I.
Increase by 24%
Correct Answer
D. Decrease by 30%Explanation
Ages 20-60 MAC does NOT change. The middle of the scale. For patients below 20, and greater than 60. Count how many decades there are from 40-year sof age. If a patient is 90, that is 5 decades from 40. 5 x 6%/decade = 30%. If a patient is 10, that is 3 decades from 40. 3 x 6%/decade = 18%, but you would increase MAC by 18% in this case because they are younger.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Duration of anesthesia can change MAC.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The duration of anesthesia does not have an impact on Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC). MAC is a measure of the potency of an inhaled anesthetic and represents the concentration required to prevent movement in response to a surgical stimulus in 50% of patients. It is determined by various factors such as the type of anesthetic, patient factors, and the presence of other drugs. The duration of anesthesia may vary depending on the procedure, but it does not directly affect MAC.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of these does CAN change MAC?
- A.
Sex
- B.
Anesthetic metabolism
- C.
Duration of anesthesia
- D.
PaCO2 15-95 mmHg
- E.
PaO2 >38 mmHg
- F.
Thyroid function
- G.
K/Mg levels
- H.
Sodium levels
Correct Answer
H. Sodium levelsExplanation
Sodium levels can change MAC (minimum alveolar concentration). MAC is the minimum concentration of anesthetic gas required to prevent movement in response to a surgical stimulus in 50% of patients. Sodium levels can affect the excitability of neurons and alter the response to anesthetic agents, therefore influencing the MAC.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of these is MAC a measure of?
- A.
Analgesia
- B.
Amnesia
- C.
Movement
- D.
Homeostasis
Correct Answer
C. MovementExplanation
MAC stands for Minimum Alveolar Concentration, which is a measure of the potency or strength of an inhaled anesthetic. It represents the concentration of the anesthetic required to prevent movement in 50% of patients exposed to a painful stimulus. Therefore, MAC is a measure of movement inhibition rather than analgesia (pain relief), amnesia (memory loss), or homeostasis (maintenance of internal balance).Rate this question:
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- 21.
Where do we have to block to get the movement, reflex, or withdrawal to pain reflexes to stop?
- A.
Brain stem
- B.
Peripheral sensory nerves
- C.
Cerebral cortex
- D.
Spinal cord
Correct Answer
D. Spinal cordExplanation
The movement, reflex, or withdrawal to pain reflexes can be stopped by blocking the spinal cord. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the peripheral sensory nerves to the brain. By blocking the spinal cord, the signals of pain and reflexes cannot be transmitted to the brain, effectively stopping the reflexes. The brain stem, cerebral cortex, and peripheral sensory nerves are not directly involved in stopping these reflexes.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Peripheral sensory receptors are affected by inhalation anesthesia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Peripheral sensory receptors are NOT affected by inhalation anesthesia.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Choose the correct statement.
- A.
Peripheral sensory receptors are NOT affected by inhalation agents.
- B.
Inhaled aneshetics will not stop hyperalgesia, will not work for pre-emptive analgesia.
- C.
Inhaled anesthetics do NOT block SSEPs (stimulus in periphery still reaches cortex).
- D.
All of these statements are correct.
Correct Answer
D. All of these statements are correct.Explanation
The correct answer is that all of these statements are correct. Peripheral sensory receptors are not affected by inhalation agents, meaning they do not have a direct impact on these receptors. Inhaled anesthetics will not stop hyperalgesia, which is increased sensitivity to pain, and they also do not work for pre-emptive analgesia, which is the use of pain medication before a surgical procedure to prevent pain. Additionally, inhaled anesthetics do not block SSEPs (somatosensory evoked potentials), meaning that the stimulus in the periphery still reaches the cortex.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The spinal cord is the site of action for ______, only with potent gases.
- A.
Immobility
- B.
Analgesia
- C.
Amnesia
- D.
Loss of recall
- E.
Homeostasis
Correct Answer
A. ImmobilityExplanation
The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Potent gases can affect the spinal cord by inhibiting the transmission of nerve signals, leading to immobility. This means that the individual is unable to move their body voluntarily. The other options, such as analgesia (pain relief), amnesia (memory loss), loss of recall, and homeostasis (maintaining internal balance) are not directly related to the spinal cord's function in this context.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Studies have shown that inhaled anesthetics have some teratogenic/carcinogenic effects.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
There is NO evidence of teratogenic or carcinogeic effects of inhaled anesthetics.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following is a potent gas?
- A.
Nitrogen
- B.
Nitrous oxide
- C.
Room air
- D.
Oxygen
- E.
None of these are correct.
- F.
Zabaflurane
Correct Answer
E. None of these are correct.Explanation
None of the options listed (Nitrogen, Nitrous oxide, Room air, Oxygen, Zabaflurane) are considered potent gases. Potency refers to the strength or effectiveness of a substance, and in this context, a potent gas would typically refer to a gas that has a strong physiological or pharmacological effect on the body. However, none of the options provided fit this description, hence the correct answer is "None of these are correct."Rate this question:
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- 27.
What are the direct effects of anesthetics on the spinal motor neuron?
- A.
Enhances excitability of neuron
- B.
Depresses excitability of neuron
- C.
Inhibition of excitatory nerve synaptic transmission
- D.
Potentiates excitatory nerve synaptic transmission
Correct Answer(s)
B. Depresses excitability of neuron
C. Inhibition of excitatory nerve synaptic transmissionExplanation
Anesthetics have a depressant effect on the spinal motor neuron, which means they decrease its excitability. This leads to a decrease in the transmission of signals from the neuron, resulting in a decrease in muscle activity and relaxation. Additionally, anesthetics also inhibit the excitatory nerve synaptic transmission, further contributing to the overall depressant effect on the neuron.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Large carbon chains are better at attenuating movement in the spinal cord than small carbon chains.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Attenuating = Gradually decreasing force/intensity.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Inhalation agents inhibit the _____- receptor at the myoneural junction. This is important because there are times where you want muscle relaxation, but can't give any muscle relaxants. High levels of anesthetic can cause muscle relaxation.
- A.
GABA
- B.
ACh
- C.
Beta
- D.
Voltage-gated
- E.
Mu
Correct Answer
B. AChExplanation
Inhalation agents inhibit the ACh receptor at the myoneural junction. This is important because ACh (acetylcholine) is the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals between nerves and muscles. By inhibiting the ACh receptor, inhalation agents can prevent the binding of ACh and therefore inhibit the transmission of signals from nerves to muscles. This leads to muscle relaxation, which can be desired in certain situations where muscle relaxants cannot be administered. High levels of anesthetic can further enhance this muscle relaxation effect.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Supraspinal action of inhaled anesthetics will sensitize the spinal cord to pain at lower doses.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
So it doesn't work supraspinally to alter pain. From the notes, I didn't really understand this one.Rate this question:
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Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Dec 28, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Mar 30, 2012Quiz Created by
ReMarkab1e
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