Organic Chemistry: Anatomy & Physiology Quiz

1. The four key elements that make up most living matter are

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and ammonia

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and potassium

Sodium, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon

The correct answer is hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. These four elements are essential for the composition of most living matter. Hydrogen is a key component of organic molecules, nitrogen is necessary for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, oxygen is involved in cellular respiration, and carbon is the backbone of organic compounds. Ammonia, potassium, and sodium are not as prevalent or crucial for the structure and function of living organisms.

Explanation

The correct answer is hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. These four elements are essential for the composition of most living matter. Hydrogen is a key component of organic molecules, nitrogen is necessary for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, oxygen is involved in cellular respiration, and carbon is the backbone of organic compounds. Ammonia, potassium, and sodium are not as prevalent or crucial for the structure and function of living organisms.

2. Among the subatomic particles in an atom, the two that have equal weight are

Protons and neurons

Protons and neutrons

That’s why you add them together to determine atomic weight, or mass.

Explanation

That’s why you add them together to determine atomic weight, or mass.

3. For an atom with an atomic number of 19 and an atomic weight of 39, the total number of neutrons is

19

20

39

58

For an atom with an atomic number of 19 and an atomic weight of 39, the total number of neutrons
is b. 20. The atomic number of 19 is the same as the number of protons. The atomic
weight of 39 tells you the number of protons plus the number of neutrons: 39 – 19 = 20.

Explanation

For an atom with an atomic number of 19 and an atomic weight of 39, the total number of neutrons
is b. 20. The atomic number of 19 is the same as the number of protons. The atomic
weight of 39 tells you the number of protons plus the number of neutrons: 39 – 19 = 20.

4. A hydroxyl, or hydroxide, ion has an oxygen atom

Only

An extra electron

And a hydrogen atom and an extra electron

And a hydrogen atom and one less electron

c. and a hydrogen atom and an extra electron.
The first few letters of the word “hydroxide” are a dead giveaway that there’s a hydrogen
atom in there; plus hydroxide ions are negatively charged, which calls for that extra electron.

Explanation

c. and a hydrogen atom and an extra electron.
The first few letters of the word “hydroxide” are a dead giveaway that there’s a hydrogen
atom in there; plus hydroxide ions are negatively charged, which calls for that extra electron.

5. A substance that, in water, separates into a large number of hydroxide ions is
The more hydroxide ions there are, the stronger the base is.

A weak acid

A weak base

A strong acid

A strong base

A substance that, in water, separates into a large number of hydroxide ions is d. a strong base.
The more hydroxide ions there are, the stronger the base is.

Explanation

A substance that, in water, separates into a large number of hydroxide ions is d. a strong base.
The more hydroxide ions there are, the stronger the base is.

6. Element X has 14 electrons. How many electrons are in its outermost shell?

2

6

14

4

d. 4. The first orbit
has the maximum two electrons, and the second orbit has the maximum eight electrons. That
makes ten electrons in the first two orbits, leaving only four for the third, outermost orbit

Explanation

d. 4. The first orbit
has the maximum two electrons, and the second orbit has the maximum eight electrons. That
makes ten electrons in the first two orbits, leaving only four for the third, outermost orbit