Microorganism (Exam Mode) By Rnpedia.Com

Coagulase is an enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus that is responsible for the formation of blood clots. Therefore, the statement "S. aureus does not make coagulase" is not true.

Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause various infections, including otitis media, pneumonia, and epiglottis. However, it is not linked to malaria, which is caused by parasites transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Malaria is not caused by bacteria and is not associated with Haemophilus influenzae.

Haemophilus has not been linked to UTIs. UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, and the most common causative agent is Escherichia coli (E. coli). Pseudomonas and Klebsiella are also known to cause UTIs. However, Haemophilus is not commonly associated with urinary tract infections.

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The Tsetse fly is a transmission factor for Trypanosoma gambiense. Trypanosoma gambiense is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. The Tsetse fly acts as a vector for this parasite, transmitting it to humans and other animals through its bite. This parasite causes a range of symptoms in infected individuals, including fever, headaches, joint pain, and eventually neurological complications if left untreated. Control of the Tsetse fly population is crucial in preventing the spread of this disease.

Escherichia coli stains well because it is a gram-negative bacterium, meaning it has a thinner peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall. This allows the crystal violet stain to penetrate the cell wall and stain the bacterium purple. In contrast, Legionella pneumophila, Treponema, and Chlamydia have different cell wall structures that make them more difficult to stain using the standard Gram staining technique.

Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, not Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis is the bacteria responsible for causing the bubonic plague. Therefore, the match-up between Lyme disease and Yersinia pestis is incorrect.

The correct answer is Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Pink colonies media. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative diplococcus bacteria that causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. It is typically isolated on Thayer-Martin agar, which contains antibiotics to inhibit the growth of other bacteria and allow for the selective growth of Neisseria species. Pink colonies media is not a specific isolation medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The Tzanck test is a diagnostic test used to identify certain viral infections by examining cells from a skin lesion under a microscope. It is commonly used for viruses like VZV (Varicella-zoster virus), HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1), and HSV-2 (Herpes simplex virus type 2). However, HHV-8 (Human herpesvirus 8) is not typically tested using the Tzanck test.

Herpesvirus is not a RNA virus because it belongs to the family Herpesviridae, which contains double-stranded DNA as its genetic material. RNA viruses, on the other hand, have RNA as their genetic material. Retrovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and Deltavirus are all RNA viruses.

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that can be found in bacteria. They often contain genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance. These genes provide the bacteria with the ability to produce enzymes for various metabolic processes and to resist the effects of antibiotics. Plasmids can be transferred between bacteria through a process called conjugation, allowing the genes they carry to spread throughout bacterial populations. Therefore, plasmids are the structures that contain genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance.

Chlamydiae is not fungal related because it is a type of bacteria, specifically an intracellular pathogen. Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans are both types of fungi that can cause infections in humans. Tinea nigra is a superficial fungal infection of the skin. Therefore, Chlamydiae is the only option that is not related to fungi.

Endotoxins are not secreted from cells. They are a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are released when the bacteria die or divide. Endotoxins can be linked to Meningococcemia, are produced by gram-negative microorganisms, and can cause fever.

Calicivirus is not a DNA virus because it belongs to the family Caliciviridae, which contains single-stranded RNA viruses. DNA viruses, on the other hand, have DNA as their genetic material. Adenovirus, Papovirus, and Poxvirus are all DNA viruses.

Bunyavirus is not a single strand linear RNA virus because it has a segmented genome consisting of three separate RNA strands. Togavirus, Retrovirus, and Picornavirus are all single strand linear RNA viruses.

Clostridium perfringens is not a gram-negative bug. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, while Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive bacterium that lacks this layer. Gram-negative bugs include Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Bordetella pertussis, as they all have a gram-negative cell wall structure.

Chagas' disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Nifurtimox is commonly used for the treatment of Chagas' disease. Therefore, the correct answer is Trypanosoma cruzi.

Ixodes ticks are known to be transmission factors for Babesia, a parasitic protozoan that causes babesiosis in humans and animals. These ticks are commonly found in wooded areas and can transmit the Babesia parasite through their bite. Babesiosis is a potentially serious illness that can cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and anemia. Therefore, the correct answer is Babesia.

Papovavirus is not a double strand linear DNA virus. Poxvirus, Adenovirus, and Herpesvirus are all double strand linear DNA viruses.

Glycocalix is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells. Glycocalix is a layer of polysaccharides and glycoproteins that surrounds the cell surface of many bacteria and other microorganisms. It plays a crucial role in microbial attachment to host cells, as it acts as an adhesive layer that allows microorganisms to adhere to surfaces, including host tissues. This attachment is essential for the colonization and establishment of infections by pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the glycocalix is considered the most important structure for microbial attachment to cells.