Pmi PMP Project Management

Explanation
Competitiveness is not a property of businesses of concern in project management because project management focuses on the successful completion of specific projects, rather than the overall competitiveness of a business. Project management involves planning, organizing, and executing projects to achieve specific goals within a defined timeframe and budget. While competitiveness may be important for a business in general, it is not a specific property that is directly related to project management.

Explanation
The primary challenge of project management is the actualization of goals. This refers to the process of turning the project objectives into reality by effectively planning, organizing, and executing all the necessary tasks and activities. It involves ensuring that the project team stays focused, motivated, and aligned with the project goals throughout the entire project lifecycle. Additionally, it requires monitoring and controlling the progress of the project to ensure that it is on track and that the desired outcomes are achieved.

Explanation
Standards are not considered a constraint in project management because they are guidelines or benchmarks that define the expected level of quality or performance. While standards are important for ensuring consistency and quality in project deliverables, they are not typically viewed as constraints that limit the project's scope, schedule, or resources. Constraints in project management typically refer to factors such as budget, scope, and quality, which directly impact the project's objectives and success.

Explanation
Vitruvius is considered to be the first project manager known in history. He was a Roman architect and engineer who lived during the 1st century BC. Vitruvius wrote a book called "De Architectura" which outlined principles of architecture and engineering, including project management techniques. His work emphasized the importance of planning, organization, and coordination in construction projects, making him a pioneer in the field of project management.

Explanation
Abraham Maslow was not a project manager. Christopher Wren, Henry Gantt, and Henri Fayol are all well-known figures in the field of project management. Christopher Wren was an architect who managed the construction of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Henry Gantt was an engineer and management consultant who developed the Gantt chart, a popular project management tool. Henri Fayol was a French mining engineer who is often considered the father of modern management theory and wrote extensively on the principles of management. On the other hand, Abraham Maslow was a psychologist known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is not directly related to project management.

Explanation
Frederick Taylor is the author of scientific management. He is known as the father of scientific management and his work revolutionized the field of industrial engineering. Taylor's principles focused on optimizing efficiency and productivity in the workplace through systematic observation, measurement, and analysis. His ideas laid the foundation for modern management practices and greatly influenced the development of industrial engineering and organizational theory.

Explanation
Hans Long is credited with pioneering cost engineering and management.

Explanation
The correct answer is 1969. The Project Management Institute (PMI) was formed in the year 1969 in the USA. PMI is a global professional association for project management professionals and is known for its project management certifications and standards.

Explanation
In project management, terms like process, power, and people are commonly used and have specific meanings within the context of managing projects. However, the term "property" is not typically associated with project management. Property usually refers to physical assets or belongings, which are not directly related to the management of projects. Therefore, "property" is the alien term in project management.

Explanation
The correct answer is five phases. In project completion, there are typically five phases: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing. These phases help to ensure that the project is properly planned, executed, and completed successfully. Each phase has its own set of tasks and objectives that contribute to the overall completion of the project.