Fpgee Pharmacy Exam Prep

Explanation
Flumazenil is the correct answer because it is an antidote specifically used for Benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil works by blocking the effects of Benzodiazepines on the brain, reversing the sedative and respiratory depression caused by the overdose. It is often administered in emergency situations to rapidly reverse the effects of Benzodiazepine overdose and restore normal breathing and consciousness. Acamprosate is used for alcohol dependence, Buprenorphine is used for opioid dependence, and Diazepam is a Benzodiazepine itself, not an antidote.

Explanation
Gentamicin is being referred to in the given statement. It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that acts by irreversibly binding the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This mechanism of action makes it bacteriocidal against Gram (-) bacteria.

Explanation
Bronchospasm and angioedema are adverse effects commonly associated with the use of Ramipril. Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. These adverse effects occur due to the inhibition of ACE, leading to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that causes blood vessels to dilate and airways to constrict. This can result in symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Actiq, Desoxyn, and Dilaudid are not known to cause these specific adverse effects.

Explanation
Suspension is the correct answer because it is a dosing method that does not require the use of alcohol as a solvent. Suspensions are liquid preparations in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. They can be formulated using water or other non-alcoholic solvents, making them suitable for individuals who cannot consume alcohol or prefer alcohol-free medications. Fluid extract, spirit, and tincture, on the other hand, all involve the use of alcohol as a solvent.

Explanation
Crystalline forms have lesser solubility compared to amorphous forms and lipophilic substances. This is because crystalline forms have a regular and organized arrangement of molecules, making it more difficult for solvents to break the intermolecular forces and dissolve the substance. In contrast, amorphous forms lack this organized structure, allowing solvents to easily penetrate and dissolve the substance. Lipophilic substances have high solubility in nonpolar solvents due to their affinity for lipid-based substances, making them more soluble than crystalline forms. Therefore, the correct answer is crystalline forms.

Explanation
Filgrastim is a granulocyte stimulating factor that is commonly used after myelosuppressive therapy. Myelosuppressive therapy can cause a decrease in the production of white blood cells, specifically granulocytes. Filgrastim helps to stimulate the production of these cells, which can help to prevent infections and improve recovery after therapy. Levonorgestrel is a hormonal contraceptive, Dazepam is a sedative, and Peyote is a hallucinogenic plant, none of which are used as granulocyte stimulating factors after myelosuppressive therapy.

Explanation
Mercaptopurine is a medication that is commonly used in the treatment of acute leukemia. It belongs to a class of drugs called antimetabolites, which work by interfering with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. By inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA, mercaptopurine helps to slow down or stop the growth of leukemia cells, leading to remission or improved survival rates in patients with this type of cancer.

Explanation
Spectinomycin is the correct answer because it does not induce mRNA misreading and is generally not bacterial. Spectinomycin is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, but it does not cause misreading of mRNA like other antibiotics such as tobramycin, gentamicin, and neomycin. These antibiotics can bind to the ribosome and cause errors in the translation process, leading to misreading of the genetic code and potentially producing nonfunctional or toxic proteins. Spectinomycin, on the other hand, works by binding to a different site on the ribosome and preventing the initiation of protein synthesis.

Explanation
Levitra is the brand name for the drug Vardenafil.

Explanation
Kanamycin is not present in DNA. It is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections. Cytosine, guanine, and thymine, on the other hand, are nucleotide bases that are always present in DNA. They are essential components of the DNA molecule and play a crucial role in its structure and function.