COMLEX Osteopathic Physician Exam: Quiz!

Both disorientation and progressive memory loss are properties of senility. Senility refers to the deterioration of mental faculties, particularly in old age. Disorientation is a common symptom of senility, where individuals may become confused and lose their sense of time, place, and identity. Progressive memory loss is also characteristic of senility, where individuals experience a decline in their ability to remember and retain information over time. Therefore, both disorientation and progressive memory loss are properties of senility.

Cell damage and death can be caused by all of the above options: immunological response, hypoxia, and bacteria. The immunological response refers to the body's immune system attacking its own cells, leading to cell damage and death. Hypoxia, which is a lack of oxygen supply to the cells, can also cause cell damage and death. Bacteria, on the other hand, can directly invade and destroy cells, causing damage and death. Therefore, all three options can contribute to cell damage and death.

Bile is responsible for the breakdown of fat. It is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats by emulsifying them into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area for enzymes to act upon. This allows for better absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is fat.

Keloid is known as excessive scar tissue formation. It is a type of raised scar that occurs when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process. Keloids can be caused by various factors such as trauma, surgery, acne, or even minor skin injuries. They are characterized by their raised, thick, and shiny appearance and can be itchy, painful, and aesthetically displeasing. Treatment options for keloids include steroid injections, silicone sheets, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and surgical removal.

A pediatrician would likely diagnose the boy's injury as an abrasion. An abrasion is a superficial wound caused by scraping or rubbing the skin against a rough surface. It typically results in the removal of the top layer of skin, causing pain, redness, and sometimes bleeding. Given that the boy fell to the ground and scraped his knee, an abrasion would be the most appropriate diagnosis in this scenario.

Both creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are commonly used tests to evaluate a patient's kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product that is filtered by the kidneys, and its levels in the blood can indicate how well the kidneys are functioning. Similarly, BUN is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea, a waste product filtered by the kidneys. Elevated BUN levels can suggest impaired kidney function. Therefore, both creatinine and BUN tests are valuable in assessing a patient's kidney function.

The correct answer is "Occasionally, symptoms appear to come and go and not last more than an hour." This answer suggests that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occurs intermittently, with symptoms appearing and disappearing and not lasting for more than an hour. This is consistent with the patient's description of having symptoms constantly and then coming back to the doctor. It also aligns with the nature of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which is characterized by episodes of irregular heart rhythm that can occur sporadically.

The aorta is responsible for transporting blood to the majority of the body. It is the largest artery in the body and receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart. From the aorta, blood is distributed to the various organs and tissues through smaller arteries and arterioles. The capillaries then allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. The pulmonary artery, on the other hand, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is the aorta.

The body makes postural adjustments to its center of mass in order to function in the environment. Postural adjustments refer to the changes made by the body to maintain balance and stability while performing various activities. These adjustments involve the coordination of muscles, joints, and sensory feedback to ensure proper alignment and distribution of weight. By making these adjustments, the body is able to adapt to different surfaces, positions, and movements, allowing for efficient and effective functioning in the environment.

Piaget referred to adolescence as the period of formal operations. This refers to the stage in cognitive development where individuals gain the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and engage in hypothetical thinking. During this stage, adolescents are able to understand and manipulate complex ideas, solve problems systematically, and think about multiple possibilities. It is a time of significant cognitive growth and development, marking a transition from concrete thinking to more advanced and abstract thinking abilities.