2010 CT Registry Review Chapter 1

Explanation
The normal range of respiration for an adult is 12-20 breaths per minute. This range is considered normal because it indicates that the individual's respiratory system is functioning properly and efficiently. Breathing within this range ensures that the body is receiving enough oxygen and expelling enough carbon dioxide to maintain proper gas exchange. If the respiration rate falls below or exceeds this range, it may indicate an underlying health issue or respiratory problem.

Explanation
The correct answer is intramuscular. Parenteral route refers to the administration of medication directly into the body, bypassing the digestive system. Intramuscular administration involves injecting the medication into a muscle, allowing for rapid absorption and distribution throughout the body. Sublingual administration involves placing medication under the tongue, transdermal administration involves applying medication to the skin, and oral administration involves swallowing medication.

Explanation
Patients who have had a prior allergic reaction to iodinated contrast media may be premedicated with steroids and antihistamines before undergoing a contrast-enhanced CT exam. This is done to help prevent or minimize any potential allergic reactions that may occur during the procedure. Steroids help to reduce inflammation and allergic responses, while antihistamines block the effects of histamine, which is released during an allergic reaction. By premedicating with these medications, the patient's risk of experiencing an allergic reaction to the contrast media is reduced.

Explanation
A patient in shock may exhibit all of the above symptoms. Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, is a common symptom of shock as the body tries to compensate for decreased blood flow. Rapid shallow breathing is also a characteristic sign of shock as the body tries to increase oxygen intake. Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin, occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the blood and can be seen in patients in shock. Therefore, all of these symptoms can be present in a patient experiencing shock.

Explanation
Surgical asepsis is required at the site of an intravenous injection of iodinated contrast media to prevent any contamination or infection. Surgical asepsis involves using sterile techniques and maintaining a sterile field to minimize the risk of introducing pathogens into the body. This is important during invasive procedures such as intravenous injections to ensure patient safety and prevent the spread of infections. Contact isolation, medical asepsis, and enteric precautions are not specifically required for this procedure.

Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above." All three veins mentioned (cephalic vein, anticubital vein, and basilic vein) are commonly used for intravenous injection of iodinated contrast media. These veins are easily accessible and have a good blood flow, making them suitable for this procedure.

Explanation
Milliampere-seconds (mAs) directly affects patient dose in medical imaging. mAs is a technical factor that controls the amount of radiation exposure during an X-ray or CT scan. Higher mAs values result in increased radiation dose to the patient, while lower mAs values reduce the dose. Therefore, mAs plays a crucial role in balancing the need for image quality and minimizing patient radiation exposure.

Explanation
Prior to an intravenous injection of iodinated contrast material, it is important to question the patient regarding their renal function, allergic history, and cardiac history. This is because iodinated contrast material can have adverse effects on these systems. It is important to assess renal function to ensure that the patient's kidneys are able to properly excrete the contrast material. Allergic history should be assessed to identify any potential allergies to iodinated contrast material, as this can lead to an allergic reaction. Cardiac history should be evaluated to determine if the patient has any underlying cardiac conditions that may be exacerbated by the administration of contrast material.