Organic Chemistry For Dummies

Aqueous bromine can differentiate ethane from ethene because ethane is saturated and does not react with bromine, while ethene is unsaturated and reacts with bromine to form a colorless solution.

Ethanol is classified as a primary alcohol because it has one carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group (-OH). In primary alcohols, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom. This distinguishes it from secondary alcohols, which have the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms, and tertiary alcohols, which have the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms. Ketones, on the other hand, do not have a hydroxyl group and are not classified as alcohols.

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The property that is essential for methane to be used as a fuel is its ability to burn exothermically. This means that when methane reacts with oxygen, it releases heat energy, making it an ideal fuel for combustion processes.

The equation CH2Cl2+Cl2-->CHCl3+HCl does not represent an addition reaction because no new bond is formed between the reactants. Instead, a substitution reaction occurs where a chlorine atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom in CH2Cl2.

Cracking is the process used to obtain ethene from alkanes. It involves breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones by applying heat and pressure. This process is commonly used in the petroleum industry to produce ethene, which is an important raw material for the production of plastics and other chemicals. Distillation is a separation technique used to separate different components of a mixture based on their boiling points. Polymerisation is a process of combining monomers to form a polymer. Dehydrogenation is the removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

The given question states that a 10cm^3 sample of gaseous hydrocarbon is completely burnt in oxygen, resulting in a total volume of 70cm^3 for the products. The equation that represents this combustion must have a hydrocarbon reactant and products that account for the increase in volume. Among the given options, the equation C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) -> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) fits this criteria. This equation shows the combustion of propane (C3H8), which has a molar volume of 22.4 L/mol. The reactants and products in this equation result in a total volume of 70cm^3, indicating that it is the correct equation for the combustion.

Octane reacts with chlorine by substitution. This means that one or more hydrogen atoms in octane are replaced by chlorine atoms when they come into contact with each other. This reaction is known as chlorination and is commonly used in the production of chlorinated solvents and other industrial processes.

When octane, an alkane present in petrol, is completely burnt, it undergoes combustion and reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This is a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of octane: C8H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O. Therefore, the products of the complete combustion of octane are carbon dioxide and water.

When methane reacts with chlorine, the resulting substance is dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). However, another substance is also produced in the process, which is hydrogen chloride (HCl). Therefore, the correct answer is HCl or hydrogen chloride.

An alkane is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms. CH4 is the correct answer because it is a hydrocarbon with one carbon atom and only single bonds. C60H122 is not an alkane because it contains multiple carbon-carbon double bonds, making it an alkene.

The balanced equation for the given reaction is CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O. This is because there is one carbon atom on both sides of the equation, four hydrogen atoms on both sides, and two oxygen atoms on both sides. By adding a coefficient of 2 in front of O2 and H2O, the equation is balanced in terms of both mass and atoms.