Biological Molecules Ocr As Lipids Quiz

Lipids are a distinct group of molecules that include fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, not carbohydrates, minerals, or proteins.

Glycerol, also known as glycerin, is a simple polyol compound. Its chemical structure is commonly represented as HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH, where 'g' is the correct shorthand representation.

Fatty acids are specifically defined as hydrocarbon chains with an acid group at one end, not to be confused with sugar molecules, elements, or complex carbohydrates.

Fatty acids are classified into two main categories based on their chemical structure and properties: saturated and unsaturated. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated are subcategories of unsaturated fatty acids. Trans and omega are specific types of unsaturated fatty acids. Hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated refer to processes involving adding hydrogen to fatty acids.

Saturated fats are not necessarily healthier than unsaturated fats, the state at room temperature varies based on the type of fats, and both saturated and unsaturated fats can occur naturally.

Unsaturated fats have C=C bonds that create kinks in the fatty acid chain, making them more fluid. This characteristic is more common in plants than animals as plant-based fats often contain higher proportions of unsaturated fats.

Triglycerides are lipids composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules. They are a type of fat found in the blood that the body uses as a source of energy.

Lipids are not considered polymers because they have a different molecular structure than traditional polymers, which are formed from repeated monomer units.

In a triglyceride, the ester bond is the covalent bond between a fatty acid and a glycerol molecule and is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction.

A monoglyceride is formed when one glycerol molecule is bonded to one fatty acid. A triglyceride, diglyceride, and tetraglyceride involve multiple fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule.

Triglycerides are ideal for energy storage due to their high energy content, insolubility in water, and ability to be stored in large quantities.

Phospholipids are composed of one glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately represent the components of a phospholipid.

Fluidity of membranes can be changed by modifying the composition of fatty acid tails in phospholipids, as they directly affect the packing and movement of molecules within the membrane.

Lipids are respired through the hydrolysis of ester bonds, where glycerol and fatty acids are broken down into carbon dioxide and water as the main end products of lipid metabolism.

Cholesterol is a lipid, not a type of protein, carbohydrate, or mineral. Its functions include being a component of biological membranes and serving as a precursor for hormone synthesis.

Excess cholesterol in the blood can lead to a buildup of plaque in the arteries, causing atherosclerosis which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Triglycerides are composed of hydrophobic fatty acid chains, making them insoluble in water and therefore hydrophobic in nature.

The test for lipids is commonly known as the Ethanol Emulsion test. Benedict's test is used for reducing sugars, the Biuret test is used for proteins, and the Sudan IV test is used for fats.