How Much Do You Know About Triglyceride? Trivia Quiz
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- 1.Lipoprotein lipase acts in:
- A.
Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of plasma lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various tissues.
- B.
Intestinal uptake of dietary fat.
- C.
Intracellular lipid breakdown of lipoproteins.
- D.
Lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids.
- E.
None of the above.
- 2.Free fatty acids in the bloodstream are:
- A.
Bound to hemoglobin.
- B.
Carried by the protein serum albumin.
- C.
Freely soluble in the aqueous phase of the blood.
- D.
Nonexistent; the blood does not contain free fatty acids.
- E.
Present at levels that are independent of epinephrine.
- 3.The role of hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase is to:
- A.
Hydrolyze lipids stored in the liver.
- B.
Hydrolyze membrane phospholipids in hormone-producing cells.
- C.
Hydrolyze triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue.
- D.
Synthesize lipids in adipose tissue.
- E.
Synthesize triacylglycerols in the liver.
- 4.The glycerol produced from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides enters glycolysis as:
- A.
Glucose.
- B.
Glucose-6-phosphate.
- C.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- D.
Pyruvate.
- E.
Glyceryl CoA.
- 5.Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires:
- A.
ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A.
- B.
ATP, carnitine, and pyruvate dehydrogenase.
- C.
ATP, coenzyme A, and hexokinase.
- D.
ATP, coenzyme A, and pyruvate dehydrogenase.
- E.
Carnitine, coenzyme A, and hexokinase.
- 6.Fatty acids are activated to acyl-CoAs and the acyl group is further transferred to carnitine because:
- A.
Acyl-carnitines readily cross the mitochondrial inner membrane, but acyl-CoAs do not.
- B.
Acyl-CoAs easily cross the mitochondrial membrane, but the fatty acids themselves will not.
- C.
Carnitine is required to oxidize NAD+ to NADH.
- D.
Fatty acids cannot be oxidized by FAD unless they are in the acyl-carnitine form.
- E.
None of the above is true.
- 7.Carnitine is:
- A.
A 15-carbon fatty acid.
- B.
An essential cofactor for the citric acid cycle.
- C.
Essential for intracellular transport of fatty acids.
- D.
One of the amino acids commonly found in protein.
- E.
Present only in carnivorous animals.
- 8.Which of these is able to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane?
- A.
Acetyl–CoA
- B.
Fatty acyl–carnitine
- C.
Fatty acyl–CoA
- D.
Malonyl–CoA
- E.
None of the above can cross.
- 9.What is the correct order of function of the following enzymes of (beta) oxidation? 1. Beta-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 2. Thiolase 3. Enoyl-CoA hydratase 4. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- A.
1, 2, 3, 4
- B.
3, 1, 4, 2
- C.
4, 3, 1, 2
- D.
1, 4, 3, 2
- E.
4, 2, 3, 1
- 10.If the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitate is oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water (via the Beta-oxidation pathway and the citric acid cycle), and all of the energy-conserving products are used to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion, the net yield of ATP per molecule of palmitate is:
- A.
3
- B.
10
- C.
25
- D.
108
- E.
1,000
- 11.Saturated fatty acids are degraded by the stepwise reactions of beta oxidation, producing acetyl-CoA. Under aerobic conditions, how many ATP molecules would be produced as a consequence of removal of each acetyl-CoA?
- A.
2
- B.
3
- C.
4
- D.
6
- E.
5
- 12.Which of the following is (are) true of the oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate (a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid; 16:0) by the beta-oxidation pathway, beginning with the free fatty acid in the cytoplasm? 1. Activation of the free fatty acid requires the equivalent of two ATPs. 2. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced. 3. Carnitine functions as an electron acceptor. 4. 8 mol of FADH2 are formed. 5. 8 mol of acetyl-CoA are formed. 6. There is no direct involvement of NAD+.
- A.
1 and 5 only
- B.
1, 2 and 5
- C.
1, 2 and 6
- D.
1, 3 and 5
- E.
5 only
- 13.Complete oxidation of 1 mole of which fatty acid would yield the most ATP?
- A.
16-carbon saturated fatty acid
- B.
18-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid
- C.
16-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid
- D.
16-carbon poly-unsaturated fatty acid
- E.
14-carbon saturated fatty acid
- 14.Which of the following statements apply (applies) to the betaWhich of the following statements apply (applies) to the beta oxidation of fatty acids? 1. The process takes place in the cytosol of mammalian cells. 2. Carbon atoms are removed from the acyl chain one at a time. 3. Before oxidation, fatty acids must be converted to their CoA derivatives. 4. NADP+ is the electron acceptor. 5. The products of beta oxidation can directly enter the citric acid cycle for further oxidation. oxidation of fatty acids?
- A.
1 and 3 only
- B.
1, 2 and 3
- C.
1, 2 and 5
- D.
3 and 5 only
- E.
4 only
- 15.Which of the following statements concerning the beta oxidation of fatty acids is true?
- A.
About 1,200 ATP molecules are ultimately produced per 20-carbon fatty acid oxidized.
- B.
One FADH2 and two NADH are produced for each acetyl-CoA.
- C.
The free fatty acid must be carboxylated in the beta position by a biotin-dependent reaction before the process of beta oxidation commences
- D.
The free fatty acid must be converted to a thioester before the process of beta oxidation commences
- E.
Two NADH are produced for each acetyl-CoA.
- 16.The balanced equation for the degradation of CH3(CH2)10COOH via the beta-oxidation pathway is:
- A.
CH3(CH2)10COOH + 5FAD + 5NAD+ + 6CoA—SH + 5H2O + ATP 6 Acetyl-CoA + 5FADH2 + 5NADH + 5H+ + AMP + PPi
- B.
CH3(CH2)10COOH + 5FAD + 5NAD+ + 6CoA—SH + 5H2O 6 Acetyl-CoA + 5FADH2 + 5NADH + 5H+
- C.
CH3(CH2)10COOH + 6FAD + 6NAD+ + 6CoA—SH + 6H2O + ATP 6 Acetyl-CoA + 6FADH2 + 6NADH + 6H+ + AMP + PPi
- D.
CH3(CH2)10COOH + 6FAD + 6NAD+ + 6CoA—SH + 6H2O 6 Acetyl-CoA + 6FADH2 + 6NADH + 6H+
- 17.Which compound is an intermediate of the beta oxidation of fatty acids?
- A.
CH3—(CH2)20—CO—COOH
- B.
CH3—CH2—CO—CH2—CO—OPO3 2–
- C.
CH3—CH2—CO—CH2—OH
- D.
CH3—CH2—CO—CO—S—CoA
- E.
CH3—CO—CH2—CO—S—CoA
- 18.The conversion of palmitoyl-CoA (16:0) to myristoyl-CoA (14:0) and 1 mol of acetyl-CoA by the -oxidation pathway results in the net formation of:
- A.
1 FADH2 and 1 NADH.
- B.
1 FADH2 and 1 NADPH.
- C.
1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 1 ATP.
- D.
2 FADH2 and 2 NADH.
- E.
2 FADH2, 2 NADH, and 1 ATP.
- 19.Which of the following is not true regarding the oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate (16:0) by the -oxidation pathway?
- A.
1 mol of ATP is needed.
- B.
8 mol of acetyl-CoA are formed.
- C.
8 mol of FADH2 are formed.
- D.
AMP and PPi are formed.
- E.
The reactions occur in the mitochondria.
- 20.If an aerobic organism (e.g., the bacterium E. coli) were fed each of the following four compounds as a source of energy, the energy yield per mole from these molecules would be in the order:
- A.
Alanine > glucose > palmitate (16:0)
- B.
Glucose > alanine > palmitate
- C.
Glucose > palmitate > alanine
- D.
Palmitate > alanine > glucose
- E.
Palmitate > glucose > alanine
- 21.Which of the following is (are) true of the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids? 1. The enzyme complex that catalyzes the reaction contains biotin. 2. FADH2 serves as an electron carrier. 3. NADH serves as an electron carrier. 4. Oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid produces six molecules of propionyl-CoA. 5. Oxidation of a 15-carbon fatty acid produces at least one propionyl-CoA.
- A.
1, 2 and 3
- B.
1, 2 and 5
- C.
2, 3 and 4
- D.
2, 3 and 5
- E.
3 and 5 only
- 22.The following fatty acid, in which the indicated carbon is labeled with 14C, is fed to an animal: 14CH3(CH2)9COOH After allowing 30 minutes for fatty acid oxidation, the label would most likely be recovered in:
- A.
Acetyl-CoA.
- B.
Beta-hydroxy butyryl-CoA.
- C.
Both acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA.
- D.
Palmitoyl-CoA.
- E.
Propionyl-CoA.
- 23.The carbon atoms from a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:
- A.
Butyrate.
- B.
Citrate.
- C.
Malate
- D.
Succinyl-CoA.
- E.
-ketoglutarate.
- 24.In the disease sprue, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is poorly absorbed in the intestine, resulting in B12 deficiency. If each of the following fatty acids were in the diet, for which one would the process of fatty acid oxidation be most affected in a patient with sprue?
- A.
CH3(CH2)10COOH
- B.
CH3(CH2)11COOH
- C.
CH3(CH2)12COOH
- D.
CH3(CH2)14COOH
- E.
CH3(CH2)18COOH
- 25.Which enzyme is the major regulatory control point for -oxidation?
- A.
Pyruvate carboxylase
- B.
Carnitine acyl transferase I
- C.
Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase
- D.
Enoyl CoA isomerase
- E.
Methylmalonyl CoA mutase
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