1.
A community/public health nurse employed by the local health department is told by the director to engage in health planning. Which of the following actions will the nurse perform?
Correct Answer
A. Collecting and analyzing data
Explanation
The nurse will collect and analyze data in order to engage in health planning. This is because collecting and analyzing data is an essential step in the process of identifying health needs and developing appropriate interventions. By collecting data, the nurse can gather information about the health status of the community, identify areas of concern, and determine the specific needs and priorities. Analyzing the data allows the nurse to make informed decisions and develop strategies to address the identified health issues. Therefore, collecting and analyzing data is a crucial action for the nurse to perform in order to engage in health planning.
2.
The director of a public health agency suggested that the community/public health nurse select the target population for a new program. Of the following populations, which would be considered the target population?
Correct Answer
B. Persons for whom some change in health or lifestyle behaviors is desired
Explanation
The target population for a new program would be persons for whom some change in health or lifestyle behaviors is desired. This means that the program is specifically aimed at individuals who need to make improvements in their health or lifestyle choices. The other options, such as persons for whom the nurse is most comfortable caring, persons eligible for care according to federal guidelines, and persons that can afford to pay for their care, do not directly address the goal of the program, which is to bring about positive changes in health or lifestyle behaviors.
3.
What was the significance of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974?
Correct Answer
B. It funded nationwide health planning to improve health care and reduce costs.
Explanation
The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 was significant because it funded nationwide health planning to improve healthcare and reduce costs. This act provided financial support for the development of comprehensive health plans at both national and state levels, aiming to coordinate and improve the delivery of healthcare services. By funding health planning initiatives, the act sought to address the inefficiencies and disparities in the healthcare system, ultimately aiming to enhance the quality of care while also reducing costs.
4.
What was the result of the prospective payment system legislation?
Correct Answer
A. Hospital stays were shortened, which placed a greater responsibility on family care.
Explanation
The result of the prospective payment system legislation was that hospital stays were shortened, which placed a greater responsibility on family care. This means that under the new legislation, hospitals were incentivized to reduce the length of patient stays, leading to a shift in responsibility for care from the hospital to the patient's family. This could have been done to reduce healthcare costs and promote more efficient use of resources.
5.
According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Public Health Association (ApHA), the community/public health nurse is responsible primarily for whom?
Correct Answer
A. The community as a whole
Explanation
According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Public Health Association (APHA), the community/public health nurse is responsible primarily for the community as a whole. This means that their main focus is on promoting and improving the health and well-being of the entire community, rather than just one individual or the employer who pays their salary. They work towards preventing disease, promoting healthy lifestyles, and addressing health disparities within the community. Their goal is to ensure the overall health and well-being of the community they serve.
6.
Whether a nurses plan of care for a community is acceptable is probably determined by which aspect of the plan?
Correct Answer
A. It was created in coordination with community members.
Explanation
The acceptability of a nurse's plan of care for a community is likely determined by whether it was created in coordination with community members. This is because involving community members in the planning process ensures that their needs, preferences, and values are taken into account, making the plan more relevant and effective. By actively involving the community, the nurse can gain their trust and support, leading to better acceptance and implementation of the plan.
7.
Which of the following actions is a nurse most likely to perform in an approach to community health planning with the community empowerment model?
Correct Answer
C. Using a grassroots approach and democratic decision making
Explanation
In the approach to community health planning with the community empowerment model, a nurse is most likely to perform the action of using a grassroots approach and democratic decision making. This means that the nurse will involve the community members in the decision-making process, giving them a voice and empowering them to actively participate in planning and implementing health programs. This approach ensures that the community's needs and preferences are taken into account, leading to greater community engagement and ownership of the health initiatives. It also promotes sustainable and long-term solutions that are tailored to the specific needs of the community.
8.
Which of the following facts is a drawback of the community empowerment model?
Correct Answer
D. It is the slowest approach and takes the longest to obtain results.
Explanation
The drawback of the community empowerment model is that it is the slowest approach and takes the longest to obtain results. This means that the process of empowering the community and achieving the desired outcomes may be time-consuming and require a significant amount of patience and perseverance. Other options mentioned in the question, such as bankers and money people being busy, grants not getting funded, and difficulty in persuading experts to volunteer their time, may pose challenges but are not specifically stated as drawbacks of the community empowerment model.
9.
How might the social planning model best be defined?
Correct Answer
A. A process of experts engaging in rational, deliberate problem solving
Explanation
The social planning model can be best defined as a process where experts come together to engage in rational and deliberate problem-solving. This implies that professionals with specialized knowledge and skills analyze social issues, gather relevant information, and develop strategies to address them in a logical and thoughtful manner. It emphasizes the importance of expertise and evidence-based decision-making in finding effective solutions to social problems.
10.
How might the social action approach be summarized?
Correct Answer
C. A process in which groups seek redistribution of power or basic change in organizational policies
Explanation
The social action approach can be summarized as a process in which groups seek redistribution of power or basic change in organizational policies. This approach focuses on addressing social inequalities and advocating for systemic change to improve the lives of marginalized individuals or groups. It involves collective action, mobilizing resources, and challenging existing power structures to achieve social justice and equality.
11.
A community/public health nurse is using the social action model to facilitate change in the community. Which of the following aspects of this model may make the nurse feel uncomfortable?
Correct Answer
C. Confronting power brokers directly
Explanation
Confronting power brokers directly may make the nurse feel uncomfortable because it involves challenging individuals or groups who hold significant influence or authority in the community. This can be intimidating and may create tension or conflict. It requires the nurse to advocate for change and challenge existing power structures, which can be met with resistance or backlash.
12.
Lewins change theory is being applied as the community is addressing improvements in public safety. Which of the following would be one of the first steps in creating change?
Correct Answer
C. Making community members aware of the need for change
Explanation
Making community members aware of the need for change would be one of the first steps in creating change because it is important to gain their support and buy-in. By making the community members aware of the need for change, they can understand the reasons behind the proposed changes and become more willing to participate and contribute to the change process. This step helps to create a sense of urgency and a shared understanding of the need for change, which can motivate and mobilize the community towards implementing the desired improvements in public safety.
13.
People in the community are feeling insecure and vulnerable because the neighborhood is considering closing one of the local elementary schools. Which of the following actions should a nurse take?
Correct Answer
C. Offer help and support for those involved.
Explanation
In this situation, the community members are feeling insecure and vulnerable due to the potential closure of a local elementary school. As a nurse, it is important to prioritize the well-being of the individuals involved. Offering help and support can provide emotional and practical assistance to those affected by the decision. This action demonstrates empathy and a willingness to assist the community members during a difficult time. It also aligns with the nurse's role in promoting health and well-being within the community.
14.
A nurse would like to facilitate a change within the community. Which of the following actions is the nurse likely to take, in view of Lewins theory of change?
Correct Answer
B. Increasing driving forces, decreasing restraining forces, or doing both
Explanation
According to Lewin's theory of change, in order to facilitate a change within the community, the nurse is likely to take the action of increasing driving forces, decreasing restraining forces, or doing both. This means that the nurse will work towards strengthening the factors that support the change (driving forces) and reducing or eliminating the factors that hinder the change (restraining forces). By doing so, the nurse aims to create a favorable environment that promotes and sustains the desired change within the community.
15.
What is the purpose of Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH)?
Correct Answer
C. To engage entire geopolitical communities in assessing their health needs
Explanation
The purpose of Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) is to engage entire geopolitical communities in assessing their health needs. This means that the program aims to involve the entire community in the process of identifying and understanding their health needs. By doing so, PATCH promotes community ownership and participation in addressing health issues, which can lead to more effective and sustainable solutions.
16.
A nurse is initiating program planning. Which of the following actions will the nurse perform first?
Correct Answer
A. An accurate and thorough assessment of the community
Explanation
In order to initiate program planning, the nurse must first conduct an accurate and thorough assessment of the community. This step is essential as it helps the nurse gather relevant information about the community's health needs, resources, and existing programs. By understanding the community's strengths, weaknesses, and priorities, the nurse can develop a program that is tailored to meet the specific needs of the community. This assessment will serve as a foundation for the rest of the planning process, including identifying leaders, determining the budget, and analyzing the employer's perspective.
17.
Which of the following actions should the nurse perform when analyzing collected assessment data?
Correct Answer
A. Categorizing the data and identifying the implications
Explanation
When analyzing collected assessment data, the nurse should categorize the data and identify the implications. This involves organizing the data into meaningful categories or groups and then determining the potential implications or consequences of the findings. By categorizing the data, the nurse can identify patterns or trends that may be relevant to patient care. This process helps the nurse to better understand the data and make informed decisions about patient care based on the implications of the assessment findings.
18.
A nurse is reviewing the collected data and discovers some information is not available. Which of the following conclusions will the nurse make?
Correct Answer
A. There is a data gap.
Explanation
The nurse will conclude that there is a data gap because some information is not available. This means that there are missing pieces of data that are necessary to draw accurate conclusions or perform further analysis. The nurse may need to gather additional information or investigate why the data is missing in order to fill the gap and make informed decisions based on the complete data set.
19.
Which of the following data would be more typical of an acute care diagnosis than a community/public health nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer
A. A child in the school system admitted for insulin overdose
Explanation
The data of a child in the school system admitted for insulin overdose would be more typical of an acute care diagnosis rather than a community/public health nursing diagnosis. This is because an acute care diagnosis focuses on the immediate medical needs and treatment of an individual, such as in this case where the child requires immediate medical attention for an overdose. On the other hand, a community/public health nursing diagnosis focuses on the health needs and promotion of a larger population or community, such as health promotion needs for the neighborhood school or mortality and morbidity rates for the city. Services unavailable in the county may also pertain to community/public health nursing, but the immediate medical attention required by the child in this scenario indicates an acute care diagnosis.
20.
A nurse is preparing to write a community diagnosis. Which of the following actions must the nurse take?
Correct Answer
C. Describe a situation and suggest an etiologic component focused on an aggregate
Explanation
The nurse must describe a situation and suggest an etiologic component focused on an aggregate when writing a community diagnosis. This involves identifying a specific situation or issue within the community and then determining the underlying cause or contributing factors that are affecting a group or population. This approach helps to address the broader health needs of the community and allows for the development of targeted interventions and strategies to improve health outcomes. It is important for the nurse to consider the unique characteristics and needs of the community when formulating the diagnosis.
21.
What do most community/public health nursing diagnoses include?
Correct Answer
C. The target population, the health response desired, and host or environmental factors
Explanation
Most community/public health nursing diagnoses include the target population, the health response desired, and host or environmental factors. This information helps nurses to identify the specific population they are working with, the desired health outcome they want to achieve, and the factors in the environment or within the individual that may influence their health. By considering these factors, nurses can develop appropriate care plans and interventions to address the health needs of the community or population they are serving.
22.
Which of the following actions must the nurse take when confirming the diagnosis before final decisions are made?
Correct Answer
D. Validating the diagnosis/conclusion with the community or client
Explanation
Before final decisions are made, the nurse must validate the diagnosis/conclusion with the community or client. This is important to ensure that the diagnosis is accurate and appropriate for the specific situation. By involving the community or client in the validation process, the nurse can gather additional information, perspectives, and feedback that can help in making informed decisions. This collaborative approach also promotes patient-centered care and ensures that the diagnosis aligns with the individual's needs, preferences, and goals.
23.
Which of the following is the most effective way of prioritizing nursing diagnoses?
Correct Answer
B. Determining the degree of community concern about the problem
Explanation
Determining the degree of community concern about the problem is the most effective way of prioritizing nursing diagnoses because it takes into account the needs and priorities of the community. By understanding the level of concern, nurses can identify which diagnoses are most urgent and require immediate attention. This approach ensures that resources are allocated to address the most pressing health issues and that the care provided aligns with the community's needs.
24.
A nurse decided to set up a planning group. All of the following groups of people expressed interest in being involved in the planning along with the nursing staff. If the nurse must eliminate one group to keep the size of the group manageable, which of the following groups should the nurse eliminate?
Correct Answer
A. A convenience selection of local citizens
Explanation
The nurse should eliminate a convenience selection of local citizens from being involved in the planning group. This group is likely to be less committed and may not have a genuine interest in the planning process. It is important to have individuals who are genuinely interested and committed to the planning process to ensure effective decision-making and implementation of the intervention.
25.
Which of the following groups should be included in any planning group to ensure that weaknesses are addressed and counterarguments are known?
Correct Answer
D. Those initially expected to resist the proposal
Explanation
Including those initially expected to resist the proposal in the planning group is important because it allows for a comprehensive and balanced approach to addressing weaknesses and potential counterarguments. By including this group, their concerns and perspectives can be taken into account, leading to a more effective and well-rounded plan. This also helps in anticipating and addressing any potential obstacles or objections that may arise during the implementation of the proposal.
26.
Which of the following aspects of a solution to a problem allows the nurse to identify it as the best choice?
Correct Answer
C. It must represent the values, beliefs, and perceptions of the involved aggregate.
Explanation
The correct answer is "It must represent the values, beliefs, and perceptions of the involved aggregate." This aspect of a solution is crucial because it ensures that the chosen solution aligns with the specific needs and preferences of the individuals or group affected by the problem. By considering the values, beliefs, and perceptions of the involved aggregate, the nurse can ensure that the solution is culturally appropriate and acceptable, leading to better outcomes and increased patient satisfaction. Financial reimbursement, support from the clinical agency, and the number of advantages and disadvantages are important considerations, but they do not necessarily guarantee that a solution is the best choice for the involved aggregate.
27.
Which of the following situations will cause difficulties when a nurse tries to persuade a community to accept a particular intervention?
Correct Answer
C. The intervention is inconsistent with cultural, ethnic, or religious beliefs.
Explanation
The correct answer is that the intervention is inconsistent with cultural, ethnic, or religious beliefs. This situation will cause difficulties when a nurse tries to persuade a community to accept a particular intervention because cultural, ethnic, and religious beliefs are deeply ingrained in individuals and communities. When an intervention goes against these beliefs, it can be challenging to gain acceptance and cooperation from the community. People may resist or reject the intervention due to their strong attachment to their cultural, ethnic, or religious values. This can hinder the nurse's efforts to persuade and implement the intervention effectively.
28.
The intervention that a nurse and a planning group proposed was not accepted, primarily because of poor timing and lack of funds. Which of the following is helpful for the nurse to remember?
Correct Answer
D. There are always other options that might meet the same goals.
Explanation
The nurse should remember that even though the proposed intervention was not accepted due to poor timing and lack of funds, there are always other options available that can still achieve the same goals. This means that the nurse and the planning group can explore alternative approaches or strategies to address the issue at hand. It is important to remain open-minded and flexible in finding different solutions that can be effective in improving the situation.
29.
What is the primary reason why every step of an intervention is planned before the intervention is implemented?
Correct Answer
C. It saves time, and the implementation process goes more smoothly.
Explanation
Planning every step of an intervention before implementation saves time and ensures that the process goes smoothly. By having a well-thought-out plan, the nurse can anticipate potential challenges and address them beforehand, reducing the likelihood of delays or mistakes during implementation. Additionally, planning allows for better coordination and organization of resources, ensuring that everything needed for the intervention is readily available. This approach helps to streamline the process and maximize efficiency, ultimately saving time and improving the overall effectiveness of the intervention.
30.
What is the primary usefulness of a Gantt chart?
Correct Answer
C. It identifies the process needed to achieve a certain result.
Explanation
A Gantt chart is a visual tool that helps in planning and scheduling tasks in a project. It displays the timeline of activities, their dependencies, and the duration of each task. By using a Gantt chart, project managers can identify the sequence of tasks and the process required to achieve a specific result. It allows them to allocate resources effectively, track progress, and ensure that all necessary steps are completed in the correct order. Therefore, the primary usefulness of a Gantt chart is to identify the process needed to achieve a certain result.
31.
What is the primary usefulness of a Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart?
Correct Answer
A. It creates a flowchart of activities in sequence with time estimates.
Explanation
A Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart is primarily useful for creating a flowchart of activities in sequence with time estimates. This allows project managers to visualize the order of tasks and their estimated durations, helping them to plan and schedule the project effectively. The PERT chart also helps in identifying dependencies between tasks and critical paths, which are essential for determining the project's overall timeline and identifying potential bottlenecks. By providing a visual representation of the project's activities and their estimated durations, the PERT chart aids in project planning and management.
32.
The nurse is planning to present an educational program. Which of the following is important for the nurse to remember?
Correct Answer
D. Using many different methods of presentation with multimedia art
Explanation
Using many different methods of presentation with multimedia art is important for the nurse to remember when planning an educational program. This approach ensures that the information is presented in various formats, catering to different learning styles and preferences of the audience. It also enhances engagement and retention by incorporating multimedia elements such as videos, images, and interactive tools. By utilizing a diverse range of presentation methods, the nurse can effectively communicate the information and make the educational program more interactive and impactful.
33.
A health screening was held, and the nurse reported the number and names of persons with positive test results to the agency director. What, however, is even more important than reporting this information?
Correct Answer
C. Telling the person with positive test results where they might go for treatment
Explanation
The most important aspect in this situation is to inform the person with positive test results about where they can seek treatment. This ensures that they receive the necessary medical care and support for their condition. It is crucial to prioritize the well-being and health of the individuals who have tested positive, and providing them with information on treatment options is an essential step in that process.
34.
Which of the following is the most common type of intervention used to improve the health of a community?
Correct Answer
B. Offering health education and screening programs
Explanation
Health education and screening programs are the most common type of intervention used to improve the health of a community. These programs aim to educate individuals about healthy behaviors and promote early detection and prevention of diseases through screening. By providing information and resources, these programs empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health and take proactive steps to prevent and manage health problems. Additionally, screening programs help identify health issues at an early stage when they are more easily treatable, leading to better health outcomes for the community.