Yakal 4th Quarter Exam In Science 10

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of gas molecules also increases. This causes the gas molecules to move faster and collide with each other and the walls of the container more frequently and with greater force. Consequently, the gas molecules occupy a larger volume, leading to an increase in the volume of the gas sample.

By putting a balloon on a balance before and after filling it with air, you can measure the change in weight. Since gases have negligible mass, the weight of the balloon should remain almost the same before and after filling it with air. This can be proven through the equation of weight, which states that weight is equal to mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. Since the mass of the gas is negligible, the change in weight should also be negligible, supporting the claim that gases have negligible mass.

Nitrogen is found in proteins and nucleic acids, which are essential components of living organisms. Carbohydrates, fats, and oils do not contain nitrogen. Therefore, nitrogen is the element that is found in proteins and nucleic acids but not in carbohydrates, fats, and oils.

Rubidium is the most reactive metal among the options given. This is because rubidium is located in Group 1 of the periodic table, also known as the alkali metals. Group 1 metals are highly reactive due to their low ionization energies and tendency to lose one electron to form a positive ion. Rubidium has a larger atomic radius and lower ionization energy compared to the other metals listed, making it more likely to react with other elements or compounds.

Inflating balloons involves the application of gas pressure. When we blow air into a balloon, the gas molecules inside the balloon collide with the walls of the balloon, creating pressure. As more air is blown into the balloon, the pressure increases, causing the balloon to expand. This is because the gas molecules push against the walls of the balloon, exerting pressure on them. Therefore, inflating balloons is an activity that involves the application of gas pressure.

The line graph shows that as the pressure increases, the volume decreases, and vice versa. This indicates an inverse relationship between pressure and volume. As one variable increases, the other variable decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, it can be inferred that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

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When the temperature of a gas is held constant, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature. This is known as Charles's Law. In this case, the initial volume of the helium balloon is 15 L at 400 K. If the temperature is increased to 600 K, the volume of the balloon will also increase proportionally. Using the formula V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V1 is the initial volume, T1 is the initial temperature, V2 is the final volume, and T2 is the final temperature, we can solve for V2. Plugging in the values, we get (15 L)/(400 K) = V2/(600 K). Solving for V2, we find that the volume of the helium balloon will be 22.5 L.

When the hot plate is turned on, it increases the temperature of the gas molecules trapped below the piston. As the temperature increases, the gas molecules gain more kinetic energy and move faster. This increased motion causes the gas molecules to collide more frequently with the walls of the cylinder, including the piston. The increased collisions exert more force on the piston, causing it to move upwards and increasing the volume of the gas. Therefore, the correct answer is that the volume increases.

Jacques Charles studied the relationship between the volume and temperature of gas at constant pressure. This relationship is known as Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when the pressure is held constant. Charles conducted experiments in the late 18th century to demonstrate this relationship, leading to the formulation of this law.

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The correct answer is "gas can be compressed". This is because when a gas tank is filled and more gases can still be added, it indicates that the gas molecules can be further compressed within the tank. Gas molecules have a lot of empty space between them, and they can be easily compressed into a smaller volume. This property of gases allows them to occupy any available space and be compressed under pressure.

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present, assuming the volume and temperature are constant. Therefore, the container with 4 moles of gas will have the highest pressure compared to the containers with fewer moles of gas.

The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. This means that the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products. This law ensures that a chemical reaction is balanced, as it requires the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction equation. Therefore, the law of conservation of mass is the correct answer as it conforms to a balanced chemical reaction.

Beaker D will have the fastest rate of reaction. This is because the rate of reaction is influenced by the surface area of the reactants. In this case, all the beakers have the same amount of iron fillings (5 grams), but beaker D has the largest surface area because it has the smallest volume. As a result, the iron fillings in beaker D will have more contact with the surrounding reactants, leading to a faster rate of reaction.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide because it is a complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules bonded together. It is the main component of plant cell walls and provides structural support. Fructose, glucose, and lactose are all monosaccharides or simple sugars, which are not considered polysaccharides.

Temperature affects the spoilage of milk because higher temperatures provide an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms that cause milk to spoil. Heat speeds up the chemical reactions that occur in the milk, causing it to sour more quickly. Therefore, on a hot summer's day, the increased temperature accelerates the spoilage process of milk.

When a balloon full of warm air is placed in a refrigerator, the temperature inside the refrigerator is much colder than the warm air inside the balloon. As a result, the air molecules inside the balloon lose energy and slow down, causing them to contract and occupy less space. This contraction leads to a decrease in the volume of the balloon, causing it to get smaller.

The compound shown in the question is an example of an amino acid. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to the same carbon atom. They are the building blocks of proteins and play important roles in various biological processes.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and proteins are essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. Therefore, the function of amino acids in the body is to make skin, hair, enzymes, and muscles.

When the hot plate is turned on, the temperature of the gas inside the piston would increase. According to the ideal gas law, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in pressure, assuming the volume and the amount of gas remain constant. Therefore, in this scenario, the pressure of the gas would increase.

When the temperature of a gas increases, the molecules of the gas gain more kinetic energy and move faster. This increased motion leads to more frequent and forceful collisions with the walls of the container, resulting in an increase in pressure. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the gas pressure also increases.

The given chemical equation shows the reaction between NaCl and AgNO3, which results in the formation of AgCl and NaNO3. This type of reaction is known as a double displacement reaction. In this reaction, the cations (Na+ and Ag+) and the anions (Cl- and NO3-) exchange places, forming two new compounds. Double displacement reactions typically occur between two compounds in an aqueous solution and result in the formation of a precipitate, gas, or water.

When the pressure of a confined gas is increased while keeping the temperature constant, the volume of the gas decreases. This is known as Boyle's law, which states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure when the temperature remains constant. As the pressure increases, the gas particles are forced closer together, resulting in a decrease in volume.

During a chemical reaction, new substances are formed with different properties than the reactants. This is because the atoms and molecules rearrange and bond in different ways, leading to the formation of new compounds with unique chemical and physical properties. This is a fundamental characteristic of chemical reactions, as they involve the transformation of substances into different substances with distinct characteristics.

Potato is a major source of carbohydrates because it is a starchy vegetable that contains a high amount of complex carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body and are essential for various bodily functions. Potatoes are also rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious choice.

Hydrolysis is the correct answer because it is the process of breaking down a complex molecule into simpler components by adding water. In the context of digesting a complex carbohydrate, hydrolysis occurs when water is added to the carbohydrate, breaking it down into simple sugars. This process is essential for the body to absorb and utilize the energy from carbohydrates. Condensation, dehydration, and photosynthesis are not relevant to the given question.

Gay-Lussac's Law, also known as the pressure-temperature law, explains the mechanism of a pressure cooker. This law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, assuming the volume and amount of gas remain constant. In a pressure cooker, as the temperature increases, the pressure inside the cooker also increases. This allows the food to cook faster as the higher pressure raises the boiling point of water, resulting in shorter cooking times. Therefore, Gay-Lussac's Law is the appropriate law to explain the mechanism of a pressure cooker.

Lactose sugar is formed by the combination of glucose and galactose. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of these two monosaccharides. Glucose is a common monosaccharide found in many sugars, while galactose is another monosaccharide that is less common but still found in certain sugars. When glucose and galactose combine, they form the disaccharide lactose. Therefore, the correct answer is glucose + galactose.

The curdling of milk is a clear example of a chemical change. When milk curdles, it forms a precipitate, which is a solid substance that separates from the liquid. This indicates a chemical reaction has occurred, causing a change in the composition of the milk. The formation of a precipitate is a common evidence of a chemical change, as it involves the creation of a new substance with different properties than the original substances.

According to Boyle's Law, the product of pressure and volume is constant at constant temperature. Therefore, if the volume is doubled, the pressure must be halved to maintain the same product. In this case, the volume is increased from 125 mL to 250 mL, so the pressure must be halved from 720 torr to 360 torr.

When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and copper sulfate (CuSO4) are combined, a precipitate will form. This is because sodium hydroxide reacts with copper sulfate to form copper hydroxide, which is insoluble in water and therefore precipitates out of the solution.

Sucrose is a disaccharide because it is composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, joined together by a glycosidic bond. It is commonly found in table sugar and is a common sweetener in many foods and beverages. Fructose, galactose, and glucose are all monosaccharides, which means they consist of a single sugar unit.

The given reaction involves the breakdown of a single compound, potassium chlorate (KClO3), into two simpler substances, potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen gas (O2). This type of reaction is known as decomposition, where a compound is broken down into its constituent elements or simpler compounds.

According to Boyle's Law, at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. This means that as the volume increases, the pressure decreases. In this case, the volume is increased from 100 mL to 150 mL, which means the pressure will decrease. The new pressure can be calculated using the formula P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume. Plugging in the given values, we get (3.0 atm)(100 mL) = (P2)(150 mL). Solving for P2, we find that the new pressure is 2.0 atm.

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The balanced equation for the combustion of butane, a lighter fluid, is 2C4H10 + 13O2 -> 8CO2 + 10H2O. This equation is balanced because there are equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation. The coefficients in front of each molecule represent the number of molecules needed to balance the equation. In this case, 2 molecules of butane react with 13 molecules of oxygen to produce 8 molecules of carbon dioxide and 10 molecules of water.

Increasing the temperature and pressure can increase the yield of ammonia because the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium towards the products side, increasing the yield of ammonia. Similarly, increasing the pressure will also shift the equilibrium towards the products side, increasing the yield of ammonia. Therefore, both high temperature and pressure conditions can increase the yield of ammonia.

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Fructose is an isomer of glucose because both molecules have the same molecular formula, C6H12O6, but they have different structural arrangements. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, resulting in different chemical properties. In the case of fructose and glucose, they have the same number and types of atoms but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, particularly the position of the hydroxyl groups. Therefore, fructose is an isomer of glucose.

The equation 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2 represents the given reaction because it shows that when potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes into potassium chloride and oxygen gas. The coefficients in the equation indicate the ratio of the reactants and products, with 2 moles of potassium chlorate producing 2 moles of potassium chloride and 3 moles of oxygen gas. The upward arrow indicates the release of oxygen gas as a product of the reaction.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids, which makes statement I true. However, statement II is incorrect because proteins are soluble molecules and not insoluble. Statement III is also incorrect because proteins are not derived from aldehydes and ketones with numerous hydroxyl groups.

The correct balanced chemical equation for the production of sulfuric acid is SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4. This equation shows that one molecule of sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with one molecule of water (H2O) to produce one molecule of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The coefficients in front of the molecules indicate the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants and products, ensuring that the equation is balanced.

The correct answer is that the percentage of ammonia increases as both the pressure and temperature increase. This can be determined by observing the trend in the graph, which shows that as both the pressure and temperature increase, the percentage of ammonia that can be made from the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen also increases.

Using larger marble chips would decrease the rate of the reaction because larger marble chips have a smaller surface area, which reduces the number of collisions between the acid and the marble chips. Decreasing the concentration of acid would also decrease the rate of the reaction because there would be fewer acid particles available to react with the marble chips.

The concentration of the reactants affects the rate of the reaction. When the concentration of the reactants is higher, there are more particles available to collide and react with each other, leading to an increase in the rate of the reaction. On the other hand, when the concentration is lower, there are fewer particles available for collision, resulting in a slower rate of reaction. Therefore, the concentration of the reactants directly influences the rate at which the reaction takes place.

Increasing the temperature would increase the rate of the reaction because it provides more energy to the particles, causing them to move faster and collide more frequently, leading to more successful collisions and a higher reaction rate. Using smaller marble chips would also increase the rate of the reaction because they have a larger surface area compared to larger chips, providing more area for the acid to react with and increasing the rate of collisions between the acid and the chips.

The correct answer is that Substance M is a simple sugar, while substances N and O are not. This conclusion can be drawn from the information provided in the question, which states that Malou conducted an activity to determine the types of biomolecules present in the substances. Based on the results of the activity, it can be inferred that Substance M contains simple sugars, while substances N and O do not contain simple sugars. The question does not provide any information about the presence of lipids, starch, or proteins in the substances, so the other statements cannot be determined to be correct.

Sucrose is the correct answer because it is formed from the combination of glucose and fructose, which are the monosaccharides shown in the drawing. Galactose and lactose are not formed from these monosaccharides, and maltose is formed from two glucose molecules.

Iron filings have a higher surface area compared to an iron nail. When a reaction occurs between iron and hydrochloric acid, the surface area of the iron determines the rate at which the reaction takes place. The higher the surface area, the more contact the iron has with the acid, leading to an increased rate of reaction. Therefore, using iron filings instead of an iron nail increases the rate of reaction because of the higher surface area.