White Lesions Quiz

Explanation
Leukoedema

Explanation
A white sponge nevus is a rare genetic disorder that presents with folded white lesions on the buccal mucosa. These lesions are typically bilateral, meaning they appear on both sides of the mouth. Therefore, the statement "A white sponge nevus shows folded white lesions bilaterally on the buccal mucosa" is true.

Explanation
Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis, also known as Witkop's disease, is indeed a triracial isolate of white, Indian, and African descent that can be found in North Carolina. This condition is characterized by the development of white patches on the oral mucosa, skin, and other mucosal surfaces. It is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The correct answer, therefore, is true.

Explanation
Vit. A and retinoids

Explanation
Hairy leukoplakia is a condition characterized by white patches on the tongue or inside the mouth. It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is commonly seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. The condition is often mistaken for other conditions like leukoplakia, hyperkeratosis, or lichen planus due to the similar appearance of white patches. Therefore, the statement that hairy leukoplakia has a differential diagnosis (DD) of leukoplakia, hyperkeratosis, and lichen planus is true.

Explanation
Filiform

Explanation
cannot be rubbed or scraped off!

Explanation
Candida albicans is a type of fungus that can cause thrush, a condition characterized by white patches in the mouth and throat. Iron deficiency anemia is a condition where there is a lack of iron in the body, leading to a decrease in the production of red blood cells. Both Candida albicans and iron deficiency anemia can contribute to the development of leukoplakia, a condition characterized by thickened, white patches on the mucous membranes. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
The statement suggests that 15% of leukoplakia cases show mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia when a biopsy is performed. This means that a significant proportion of leukoplakia cases have abnormal cell growth, indicating a potential risk for developing cancer. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Most common is mucobuccal fold/buccal mucosa

Explanation
Dysplasia is a condition characterized by abnormal cell growth and development. The given statement is true because dysplasia is associated with specific histological features, such as drop-shaped epithelial ridges, basal cell crowding, and irregular stratification. These features can be observed under a microscope during the examination of tissue samples.

Explanation
more severe

Explanation
filform

Explanation
Leukoplakia and lichen planus are both conditions that can cause white patches on the mucous membranes. However, one key difference between the two is that lichen planus typically has a multifocal distribution, meaning that the white patches can appear in multiple areas of the mouth. In contrast, leukoplakia tends to have a more localized distribution. Therefore, the statement that a differential diagnosis of leukoplakia is lichen planus, but lichen planus has a multifocal distribution, is true.

Explanation
In the erosive form of lichen planus, the central area is ulcerated. This means that in this particular form of lichen planus, there is ulceration or open sores present in the central area. This can be distinguished from other forms of lichen planus where ulceration may not be present. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct as it accurately describes the characteristic of the erosive form of lichen planus.

Explanation
can be treated, not cured

Explanation
middle aged women

Explanation
Hyperplastic candidiasis is a condition characterized by the overgrowth of candida fungus in the mouth. It appears as a raised rhomboid dome in the middle of the tongue. This statement is true as it accurately describes one of the key visual characteristics of hyperplastic candidiasis.

Explanation
Papillary hyperplasia is a type of candidiasis, which is a fungal infection caused by Candida species. It is characterized by the presence of nodules on the hard palatal mucosa under a denture. These nodules are ovoid to spherical in shape and appear on an erythematous (red) background. Therefore, the statement "Papillary hyperplasia, a type of candidiasis, is shown on the hard palatal mucosa under a denture with nodules that are ovoid to spherical on erythematous background" is true.

Explanation
sebaceous glands

Explanation
Adult gingival cysts are remnants of the dental lamina, which is a structure that forms during tooth development. These cysts are typically found in the premolar areas of the mouth. Therefore, the statement "Adult gingival cysts are remnants of the dental lamina and are mostly found on premolar areas" is true.

Explanation
Bohn's nodules are indeed a type of gingival cyst that occur in infants. These nodules typically form on the alveolar ridges, which are the bony ridges that hold the teeth. Over time, these nodules may rupture and exfoliate, meaning they break open and shed off. Therefore, the statement "Bohn's nodules are a type of gingival cyst that are alveolar ridges that rupture and exfoliate on infants" is true.

Explanation
decades 5 & 6

Explanation
African Americans

Explanation
lower lip

Explanation
Invasive carcinoma refers to cancer that has spread beyond the layer of cells where it originated. In this case, it is stated that invasive carcinoma invades the lamina propria, which is a layer of connective tissue located just beneath the basal lamina. The statement also specifies that the invasion extends 1 to 2 mm beyond the basal lamina. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it accurately describes the characteristics of invasive carcinoma.

Explanation
Systemic (acute)

Explanation
The statement is true because Candidiasis, a fungal infection caused by Candida species, can be effectively treated with Nystatin ointment, mycelex troches (also known as clotrimazole troches), and fluconazole. Nystatin is commonly used topically to treat candidiasis in the mouth, while mycelex troches are oral lozenges that dissolve in the mouth to treat oral thrush. Fluconazole is an antifungal medication that can be taken orally or intravenously to treat various types of candidiasis, including vaginal yeast infections. Therefore, the given statement is correct.