Red/Blue Lesions And Pigmented Lesions

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Congenital Vascular Formations refer to abnormal formations of blood vessels that include arteries, veins, and capillaries. These formations are present from birth and continue to grow with the patient. Therefore, the statement is true.

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Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, also known as Sturge-Weber Syndrome, is a rare neurological disorder that can cause various symptoms such as mental retardation, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), seizure disorders, and a characteristic facial birthmark called a Port-wine stain. This statement is true as it accurately describes the possible manifestations of Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

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Rendu-Osler-Weber Syndrome

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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectsa

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Venous varices are enlarged, twisted veins that commonly occur in the legs. The bluish color of varicose veins is due to the deoxygenated blood flowing through them. When pressure is applied to varicose veins, they temporarily blanch or turn white. This is because the pressure temporarily restricts blood flow through the veins. Therefore, the statement that venous varices are blue and blanch with compression is true.

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Peripheral giant cell granulomas are indeed most commonly found between permanent molars and incisors. These granulomas are benign, reactive lesions that occur in response to local irritation or trauma. They typically appear as reddish-purple, soft, and easily bleeding masses. If left untreated, they can cause bone absorption, leading to further complications. Therefore, the statement "Peripheral giant cell granulomas are most commonly found between permanent molars and incisors and can cause bone absorption" is true.

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bacterial

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scarlet fever

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Erythroplakia is a condition characterized by red patches in the mouth that cannot be attributed to any other cause. It is commonly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, as well as nutritional deficiencies. These factors can lead to irritation and damage to the oral tissues, causing the development of erythroplakia. Therefore, it is true that erythroplakia can be caused by tobacco, alcohol, and nutritional defects.

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Erythoplakia is a red patch that appears on the mucous membranes in the mouth. It is considered a potentially malignant condition, meaning it has a high risk of developing into cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cancer, and erythoplakia is known to have a high rate of transformation into this type of cancer. Therefore, it is true that erythoplakia usually becomes squamous cell carcinoma.

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Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer caused by the herpes virus 8. It is characterized by the presence of multifocal brown nodules primarily in the skin of the lower extremities. This statement is true because Kaposi's sarcoma does indeed present with these specific features.

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half of Aids patients

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low dose radiation and chemotherapy also

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Iron Deficiency Anemia

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Burning mouth syndrome is a condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth without any visible clinical lesions or abnormalities. The discomfort is often present on the tongue, lips, gums, or throughout the entire mouth. Therefore, the statement that burning mouth syndrome has detectable clinical lesions is false.

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Fungi and bacteria can both cause burning mouth syndrome. This is because both fungi and bacteria can infect the oral cavity and cause inflammation and irritation, leading to symptoms such as a burning sensation in the mouth. Therefore, it is true that both fungi and bacteria can be responsible for causing burning mouth syndrome.

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women

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Females are more commonly affected in smoking-associated melanosis on the anterior labial gingiva. This means that women are more likely to develop melanosis, a condition characterized by dark pigmentation, on the front part of the gums in relation to smoking. This may be due to hormonal differences or other factors that make women more susceptible to the effects of smoking on the gingiva.

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vermillion of lips/gingiva

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Excessive freckles, also known as oral melanotic macules, can be indicative of Puetz-Jeghers syndrome and Addison's disease. Puetz-Jeghers syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, along with freckles on the lips, oral mucosa, and other areas. Addison's disease, on the other hand, is a hormonal disorder that affects the adrenal glands and can cause increased pigmentation of the skin, including freckles. Therefore, it is true that when freckles are seen in excess, these two conditions should be considered.

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Addison's disease

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Albright's syndrome

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benign

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Junctional

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The statement is true because the palate, which is the roof of the mouth, is indeed the most common location for oral nevi. Oral nevi are pigmented lesions or moles that can occur in the mouth. While they can appear in other areas of the mouth as well, such as the gums or tongue, the palate is the most frequently affected site. This is due to the higher concentration of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment, in the palate compared to other oral tissues. Therefore, it is accurate to say that the palate is the most common place for oral nevi.

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2%

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Men

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Neurofibromatosis, also known as von Recklinghousen's disease, is a genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from either parent to develop the condition. If one parent has neurofibromatosis, there is a 50% chance of passing the condition on to each child. Therefore, the statement "Neurofibromatosis is autosomal dominant" is true.