1.
Congenital Vascular Formations are a mix of arteries, veins, and capillaries and growth with patient.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Congenital Vascular Formations refer to abnormal formations of blood vessels that include arteries, veins, and capillaries. These formations are present from birth and continue to grow with the patient. Therefore, the statement is true.
2.
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, or Sturge-Weber Sydrome, can be caused by mental retardation, hemiparesis, and seizure disorders and shows a Port-wine stain facial lesion.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, also known as Sturge-Weber Syndrome, is a rare neurological disorder that can cause various symptoms such as mental retardation, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), seizure disorders, and a characteristic facial birthmark called a Port-wine stain. This statement is true as it accurately describes the possible manifestations of Sturge-Weber Syndrome.
3.
Another name for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectsia is Sturge-Weber Syndrome.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Rendu-Osler-Weber Syndrome
4.
In encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, mucous membranes and skin have red macules, which are abnormal vascular dilations of terminal vessels. Also can have epitaxis and bleeding from oral lesions.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectsa
5.
Venous varices are blue and blanch with compression.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Venous varices are enlarged, twisted veins that commonly occur in the legs. The bluish color of varicose veins is due to the deoxygenated blood flowing through them. When pressure is applied to varicose veins, they temporarily blanch or turn white. This is because the pressure temporarily restricts blood flow through the veins. Therefore, the statement that venous varices are blue and blanch with compression is true.
6.
Peripheral giant cell granulomas are most commonly found between permanent molars and incisors and can cause bone absorption.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Peripheral giant cell granulomas are indeed most commonly found between permanent molars and incisors. These granulomas are benign, reactive lesions that occur in response to local irritation or trauma. They typically appear as reddish-purple, soft, and easily bleeding masses. If left untreated, they can cause bone absorption, leading to further complications. Therefore, the statement "Peripheral giant cell granulomas are most commonly found between permanent molars and incisors and can cause bone absorption" is true.
7.
Scarlet fever is a systemic viral infection.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
bacterial
8.
Strawberry tongue (enlarged fungiform papilla) is a characteristic of Kaposi's Sarcoma.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
scarlet fever
9.
Erythroplakia is caused by tobacco, alcohol, and nutritional defects.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Erythroplakia is a condition characterized by red patches in the mouth that cannot be attributed to any other cause. It is commonly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, as well as nutritional deficiencies. These factors can lead to irritation and damage to the oral tissues, causing the development of erythroplakia. Therefore, it is true that erythroplakia can be caused by tobacco, alcohol, and nutritional defects.
10.
Erythoplakia usually becomes squamous cell carcinoma.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Erythoplakia is a red patch that appears on the mucous membranes in the mouth. It is considered a potentially malignant condition, meaning it has a high risk of developing into cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cancer, and erythoplakia is known to have a high rate of transformation into this type of cancer. Therefore, it is true that erythoplakia usually becomes squamous cell carcinoma.
11.
Kaposi's sarcoma, from the herpes virus 8, is shown by multifocal brown nodules primarily in the skin of lower extremities.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer caused by the herpes virus 8. It is characterized by the presence of multifocal brown nodules primarily in the skin of the lower extremities. This statement is true because Kaposi's sarcoma does indeed present with these specific features.
12.
It is rare for AID's patients to develop Kaposi's sarcoma oral lesions.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
half of Aids patients
13.
Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma is by surgical excision only.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
low dose radiation and chemotherapy also
14.
Lack of Vitamin b12 (pernicious anemia) causes brittle nails and hair along with spoon-shaped nails.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Iron Deficiency Anemia
15.
Burning mouth syndrome has detectable clinical lesions.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Burning mouth syndrome is a condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth without any visible clinical lesions or abnormalities. The discomfort is often present on the tongue, lips, gums, or throughout the entire mouth. Therefore, the statement that burning mouth syndrome has detectable clinical lesions is false.
16.
Fungi and bacteria can both cause burning mouth syndrome.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Fungi and bacteria can both cause burning mouth syndrome. This is because both fungi and bacteria can infect the oral cavity and cause inflammation and irritation, leading to symptoms such as a burning sensation in the mouth. Therefore, it is true that both fungi and bacteria can be responsible for causing burning mouth syndrome.
17.
Middle aged men usually have burning mouth syndrome.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
women
18.
Females are more commonly affected in smoking-associated melanosis on the anterior labial gingiva.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Females are more commonly affected in smoking-associated melanosis on the anterior labial gingiva. This means that women are more likely to develop melanosis, a condition characterized by dark pigmentation, on the front part of the gums in relation to smoking. This may be due to hormonal differences or other factors that make women more susceptible to the effects of smoking on the gingiva.
19.
Oral melanotic macules are most commonly found on the buccal mucosa and palate.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
vermillion of lips/gingiva
20.
When freckles are see in excess (oral melanotic macules) Puetz-Jegher syndrome and Addison's disease should be considered.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Excessive freckles, also known as oral melanotic macules, can be indicative of Puetz-Jeghers syndrome and Addison's disease. Puetz-Jeghers syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, along with freckles on the lips, oral mucosa, and other areas. Addison's disease, on the other hand, is a hormonal disorder that affects the adrenal glands and can cause increased pigmentation of the skin, including freckles. Therefore, it is true that when freckles are seen in excess, these two conditions should be considered.
21.
Peutz-Jegher syndrome shows reduced cortisol production along with weakness, weight loss, nausea and vomiting.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Addison's disease
22.
Cafe au lait macules are associated with Addison's disease.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Albright's syndrome
23.
Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a malignant neoplasm composed of primitive pigment-producing cells.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
benign
24.
Intramucosal is the most dangerous type of oral nevus.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Junctional
25.
The palate is the most common place for oral nevi.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because the palate, which is the roof of the mouth, is indeed the most common location for oral nevi. Oral nevi are pigmented lesions or moles that can occur in the mouth. While they can appear in other areas of the mouth as well, such as the gums or tongue, the palate is the most frequently affected site. This is due to the higher concentration of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment, in the palate compared to other oral tissues. Therefore, it is accurate to say that the palate is the most common place for oral nevi.
26.
Cutaneous melanomas account for 5% of all cancers and 1 in every 250,000 become malignant.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
2%
27.
Women more commonly have melanomas.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Men
28.
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghousen's disease) is autosomal dominant.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Neurofibromatosis, also known as von Recklinghousen's disease, is a genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from either parent to develop the condition. If one parent has neurofibromatosis, there is a 50% chance of passing the condition on to each child. Therefore, the statement "Neurofibromatosis is autosomal dominant" is true.