War And Revolution, 1914-1919 Section Chapter 16 Form B

The League of Nations was created at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I. It was an international organization established to promote peace and prevent future conflicts. The League aimed to resolve disputes between countries through negotiation and diplomacy, and to encourage disarmament and collective security. However, it faced challenges in enforcing its decisions and ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II.

War attrition refers to the gradual wearing down of one side in a war through constant attacks and sustained pressure. It is a strategy used to weaken the enemy's resources, morale, and ability to fight. This can be achieved through various means such as continuous bombardment, cutting off supply lines, and exhausting the enemy's troops. War attrition aims to slowly grind down the opponent until they are no longer able to effectively resist or continue the fight. It is a common tactic employed in prolonged conflicts where a quick victory is not feasible.

Mobilization refers to the process of assembling troops and supplies for war. It involves the preparation and organization of military forces and resources in order to be ready for combat. This can include recruiting and training soldiers, gathering weapons and equipment, and establishing logistical support systems. Mobilization is a crucial step in preparing for war and ensuring that a country's military is ready to engage in battle.

The given answer, "Central Power," refers to the alliance between Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I. These countries formed the Central Powers and fought against the Allied Powers, which included countries like France, Great Britain, and Russia. The Central Powers aimed to maintain their imperialistic control and suppress the self-determination of smaller nations. Leon Trotsky, on the other hand, was a prominent figure in the Russian Revolution and a leader of the Bolshevik Party. Self-determination refers to the right of a nation to govern itself without external interference.

Grigori Rasputin was a Siberian peasant who had a significant influence on Alexandra, the wife of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Rasputin gained a reputation as a mystic and healer, and his influence over Alexandra grew as he claimed to have the power to heal her hemophiliac son. Alexandra believed in Rasputin's abilities and sought his advice on political matters, leading to his involvement in government affairs. Rasputin's influence on Alexandra and his controversial actions contributed to the downfall of the Russian monarchy.

David Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War I. He was known for his strong stance on making the Germans pay for the war, particularly through reparations and punitive measures. His policies reflected a desire to hold Germany accountable for the damages caused during the war. This aligns with the statement provided in the question, making David Lloyd George the correct answer.

Self-determination refers to the right of individuals or groups to determine their own political status, form of government, and economic, social, and cultural development. It is the belief that people should have the freedom to choose their own destiny and govern themselves. In the context of the given options, self-determination aligns with the idea that each people should have the right to have their own nation, allowing them to govern themselves and make decisions that affect their own community.

Woodrow Wilson became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation. He was the 28th President of the United States and played a significant role in shaping the post-World War I global landscape. Wilson's Fourteen Points, presented to the Congress in 1918, outlined his vision for a peaceful and just world order, emphasizing principles such as self-determination, open diplomacy, and the establishment of the League of Nations. His advocacy for democracy and international cooperation made him a prominent figure in promoting a new world order after the devastation of the First World War.

Leon Trotsky was the head of the Petrograd Soviet, a key political organization during the Russian Revolution. He was also appointed as the Commissar of War in the newly formed Soviet government. This position gave him significant power and influence over military affairs. Trotsky played a crucial role in organizing and leading the Red Army, which was instrumental in securing the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War. Therefore, it is logical to identify Trotsky as the correct answer based on his historical role as the head of the Petrograd Soviet and later as the Commissar of War.

By attacking Austria in May 1915, Italy betrayed Germany and Austria. Italy was initially part of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, but they decided to switch sides and join the Triple Entente, which included countries like France and Russia. This move was seen as a betrayal by Germany and Austria, as Italy had previously promised to support them in case of war. Italy's decision to attack Austria weakened the Central Powers and provided an advantage to the Allied Powers in World War I.

The German advance toward Paris was halted at the Battle of Marne. This battle took place in September 1914 during World War I and was a significant turning point in the conflict. The French and British forces successfully counterattacked against the advancing German army, forcing them to retreat and abandon their plans to capture Paris. The Battle of Marne marked the first major Allied victory of the war and prevented the Germans from achieving a quick victory on the Western Front.

The United States joined the Allies in fighting World War I because of the German's unrestricted use of submarine warfare. The sinking of the Titanic was a tragic event that occurred before the war and did not directly cause the United States to join the war. The German embargo on gasoline and the United States' fear of the Autro-Hungarian powers are not mentioned in the question and therefore cannot be considered as reasons for the United States' involvement in the war.

Militarism refers to the belief or policy that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. In the given context, the sentence suggests that the aggressive preparation for war was increasing in parallel with the growth of nations' armies. This indicates a strong emphasis on military power and readiness, which aligns with the concept of militarism. Therefore, militarism is the most suitable answer choice.

Under the leadership of V.I. Lenin, the Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to violent revolution. Lenin was a key figure in the Russian Revolution and the founder of the Bolshevik Party. He believed in the necessity of overthrowing the existing government through armed struggle and establishing a socialist state. Lenin's leadership and ideology played a crucial role in shaping the Bolshevik Party's commitment to violent revolution as a means to achieve their goals.

The Schlieffen Plan was Germany's plan for a two-front war with Russia and France, which had formed a military alliance. This plan was developed by German military strategist Alfred von Schlieffen and aimed to quickly defeat France in the west before turning their attention to Russia in the east. The plan involved a rapid invasion of France through Belgium, bypassing the heavily fortified French-German border. The goal was to achieve a swift victory over France, allowing Germany to then focus on the eastern front against Russia.

After World War I, Britain gained control over Iraq and Palestine as mandates on behalf of the League of Nations. This means that Britain was given the responsibility to govern and develop these territories, but they did not own the land outright. The League of Nations granted Britain the authority to administer these regions, with the ultimate goal of preparing them for self-government. This arrangement allowed for some level of autonomy for Iraq and Palestine, although the ultimate control and decision-making power still rested with the British.

Trench warfare is the correct answer because it was a major characteristic of World War I. It involved soldiers fighting from trenches dug into the ground, creating a stalemate and leading to a long and brutal war. The use of trenches allowed for protection from enemy fire but also resulted in a deadly and static warfront. The introduction of trench warfare changed the nature of warfare and had a significant impact on the duration and outcome of World War I.

Trench warfare refers to the military strategy used during World War I, where troops would dig deep trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire. These trenches stretched across the Western Front and created a stalemate, preventing significant movement by both sides. The complex network of trenches made it extremely difficult for either the Allied or Central Powers to advance, resulting in a static and prolonged conflict. Therefore, trench warfare can be seen as the reason why the Western Front did not experience significant movement during this period.

Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, which gave up much Russian territory. This action was taken in an attempt to end Russia's involvement in the war. By signing the treaty, Lenin hoped to secure peace with Germany and its allies, allowing the new Soviet government to focus on consolidating power and implementing its socialist agenda. However, the treaty resulted in significant territorial losses for Russia, which weakened the country both politically and economically.

Based on the information provided in the figure, it can be inferred that the Russian government was an autocracy. This means that the government was ruled by a single individual with absolute power, without any checks or balances. This form of government is characterized by a lack of democracy and limited political freedoms for the citizens.

Germany was especially unhappy with Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles because it declared that Germany and Austria were responsible for starting the war. This declaration placed the blame solely on Germany and Austria, which was seen as unfair by the German government and people. It not only damaged Germany's national pride but also had significant political and economic consequences. Germany believed that the war was a result of complex factors involving multiple countries, and they felt that being solely blamed for it was unjust. This contributed to the resentment and anger that eventually led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany.

The Ionian and Aegean Seas are adjacent to Greece. Greece is located in southeastern Europe and is surrounded by water on three sides. The Ionian Sea is located to the west of Greece, while the Aegean Sea is located to the east. These two seas are important bodies of water for Greece, providing access to trade routes, fishing grounds, and tourism opportunities.

Based on the figure provided, the peasants would have the most to gain from a revolution. This can be inferred from the fact that peasants are typically the lowest social class and often face harsh living conditions and exploitation. A revolution would potentially lead to a redistribution of wealth and power, allowing the peasants to improve their living conditions and gain more rights and opportunities.