Fundamentals Ch. 52 Fluid And Electrolytes

Hypokalemia is T wave flattening and ST depression

Phosphorus is a mineral that is essential for various bodily functions, including the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. Tuna fish, almonds, and peanuts are all good sources of phosphorus. Tuna fish is a particularly rich source of phosphorus, as it contains high levels of this mineral. Almonds and peanuts also contain significant amounts of phosphorus, making them beneficial for maintaining adequate levels of this essential mineral in the body.

Alcoholics are at risk for electrolyte imbalances due to poor nutrition and alcohol's effects on the body. Hypomagnesia and hypophosphatemia are commonly seen in alcoholics. Hypomagnesia can occur due to decreased intake, increased renal excretion, and impaired absorption in the gut. Hypophosphatemia can result from decreased intake, increased renal excretion, and alcohol-induced liver dysfunction. Hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia are not specifically associated with alcoholism.

Hypophosphatemia is a condition characterized by low levels of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate is essential for the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscles, and bones. Severe hypophosphatemia can lead to muscle weakness, neurological symptoms, and seizures. Therefore, patients with hypophosphatemia would be put on seizure precautions to monitor and prevent the occurrence of seizures.

Milk, avocado, and broccoli are all sources of magnesium. Milk contains a good amount of magnesium, along with other essential nutrients. Avocado is also a good source of magnesium, as well as being rich in healthy fats. Broccoli is a vegetable that contains magnesium, along with other vitamins and minerals. Tuna fish and soy sauce, however, are not significant sources of magnesium.

Raisins, avocado, milk, and potatoes are all sources of potassium. Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in maintaining proper bodily functions. Raisins are a good source of potassium, providing a significant amount in a small serving. Avocado is another potassium-rich food, containing even more potassium than bananas. Milk is also a source of potassium, along with other important nutrients like calcium and vitamin D. Potatoes are a versatile vegetable that contains potassium, especially when consumed with the skin. Tuna fish, however, is not a significant source of potassium.

Hypertonic is 0.9% NS and above, anything above D5W or D5W mixed with 0.45 NS or above

Isotonic is 0.45% NS, lactated ringers (never give a head trauma pt lactated ringers b/c it can cause cerebral edema)

Hypotonic is 0.25% NS, D5W