Specimen Collection And Quality Control

Fasting serum refers to a blood sample that is collected after a period of fasting, typically for 12 hours. During this time, the individual is not allowed to consume any food or beverages, except for water. This is done to ensure accurate measurements of certain substances in the blood, as food and beverages can affect the levels of these substances. By fasting, the blood sample is obtained under standardized conditions, allowing for more reliable test results.

The statement is true because a gold or red vacutainer is used to collect serum, which is the liquid part of blood after it has clotted. These vacutainers do not contain anticoagulants, which are substances that prevent blood from clotting. By not containing anticoagulants, the vacutainer allows the blood to clot and separate into serum, which can then be used for various diagnostic tests.

Duplicate determination refers to the process of testing the same sample twice. This is done to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results. By testing the sample twice, any potential errors or inconsistencies can be identified and corrected. This practice is particularly important in scientific research, medical testing, and quality control processes where precision and reproducibility are crucial. Therefore, the statement "duplicate determination means testing the same sample twice" is true.

Plasma is the liquid portion of blood that contains fibrinogen and clotting factors. It does not form a clot.

Precision refers to the ability of a measurement or calculation to consistently yield the same result when repeated under the same conditions. In other words, it is the degree of agreement or repeatability of a measurement or calculation. Therefore, the statement "precision is repeatability; getting the same answer" is correct. It implies that if a measurement or calculation is precise, it will consistently provide the same answer when performed multiple times.

The statement is true because a gold topped tube, which is typically used for collecting blood samples, should be sent to the lab for further testing or transferred to a labeled tube and marked as serum. This is important to ensure proper identification and handling of the sample, as well as to maintain the integrity of the collected specimen for accurate analysis.

accuracy is true or actual value

Serum is the sample used most often for chemical analysis. This is because serum is a clear, yellowish fluid that is obtained from blood after it has clotted and the blood cells have been removed. It contains various proteins, hormones, electrolytes, and other molecules that can provide valuable information about a person's health and medical conditions. Serum is commonly used in clinical laboratories for tests such as blood chemistry panels, hormone assays, and drug monitoring. Its ease of collection, stability, and abundance in the body make it a convenient and reliable sample for chemical analysis.

thixotropic gel is used to separate serum or plasma from cells and prevents shifts in substances. Also prevent glycolsis which is cells using up glucose in liquid.

The correct answer is "brownish/yellow jaundiced; hyperbilirubinemia." Icteric refers to a condition where there is an excess of bilirubin in the blood, leading to a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes known as jaundice. This is caused by hyperbilirubinemia, which is an elevated level of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Therefore, the milky white and clear red options are incorrect as they do not correspond to the characteristic color associated with icteric. The last option, "used to set machine values," is unrelated to icteric or hyperbilirubinemia.

The statement is true because gold is a stable and inert metal that does not react with air or water at room temperature. Therefore, it can be safely stored at room temperature without any degradation or changes in its properties. Refrigerating or freezing the gold may not be necessary unless there are specific reasons or requirements, such as preserving its physical appearance or preventing oxidation in certain experimental or industrial settings.

Non-waived tests include high complexity and moderate complexity tests. This means that these tests require a higher level of expertise and skill to perform correctly and interpret the results. Waived tests, on the other hand, are considered to have a low level of complexity and can be easily performed and interpreted. Therefore, the statement "non-waived tests include high complexity and moderate" is true.

When handling blood, it is important to take several precautions. Wearing gloves is necessary to protect oneself from potential pathogens present in the blood. Personal protection equipment such as a lab coat and shield should also be worn to provide additional protection. When dealing with open stoppers, they should be handled carefully to prevent any splashing or spillage. In case of spills, it is crucial to disinfect them immediately using a 10% bleach or disinfectant solution. Finally, the blood and any materials contaminated with it should be discarded properly into a biohazard or sharps container to ensure safe disposal.

Serum is the liquid portion of blood that remains after the removal of fibrinogen and clotting factors. It does not contain any clotting agents, which explains why it is unable to clot. Serum is commonly used in medical tests and research as it provides valuable information about a person's health status.

This answer correctly identifies the VIP things about controls: handling with caution, the presence of two expiration dates (one for opened and one for unopened), and the publication of an acceptable range by lot number. These are important factors to consider when dealing with controls, especially when working with pooled human serum.

CLIA, which stands for Cruise Lines International Association, was formed in 1988. This organization serves as the leading authority and global organization for the cruise industry. It represents cruise lines from all over the world and is dedicated to promoting and supporting policies and practices that ensure the safety, security, and sustainability of the cruise industry. Since its formation in 1988, CLIA has been instrumental in establishing industry standards, fostering innovation, and providing a unified voice for the cruise industry.

Gold topped tube is allowed to clot minimum 30 minutes and maximum 60 minutes

The correct answer is 15 minutes within 1 hour. This means that the gold topped tube should be centrifuged for at least 15 minutes within 1 hour of collection. Centrifugation is a process used to separate the components of a liquid by spinning it at high speeds. In this case, it is likely that the gold topped tube contains a blood sample or some other type of fluid that needs to be separated. By centrifuging it for 15 minutes within 1 hour, any necessary separation can be achieved effectively.

A quality control program includes four essential components: calibrators, controls, duplicate determination, and proficiency testing. Calibrators are used to ensure the accuracy and precision of measurement instruments. Controls are samples with known values that are used to monitor the performance of the testing process. Duplicate determination involves performing the same test twice on a sample to assess the consistency of results. Proficiency testing is conducted by external organizations to evaluate the laboratory's ability to produce accurate and reliable results. These four elements are crucial in maintaining the quality and reliability of testing processes.

The correct answer is "lipemic." Lipemic refers to the appearance of serum or plasma that is milky white. This can occur when there is an excessive amount of lipids (fats) present in the blood, leading to a cloudy appearance. Lipemia can be caused by various factors such as high levels of triglycerides, certain medical conditions like diabetes or hypothyroidism, or even as a result of recent meals. It is important to identify lipemia as it can interfere with certain laboratory tests and affect the accuracy of the results.

CLIA stands for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. It is a set of federal regulations implemented to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and quality of laboratory testing performed on human specimens. CLIA regulations apply to all clinical laboratories in the United States, including those that perform tests for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases. These regulations aim to standardize laboratory practices, establish proficiency testing programs, and enforce quality control measures to enhance the accuracy and reliability of lab results. Therefore, CLIA is the correct answer as it is directly related to regulations from the federal government aimed at improving the accuracy of lab results.

The control is used to ensure the accuracy of patient samples before reporting the results. It falls within an acceptable range and checks the accuracy of the testing process. The control acts as a reference point and helps to detect any potential errors or variations in the testing procedure, ensuring reliable and accurate results for patient samples.

CLIA stands for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. These amendments were made to the existing regulations in order to enhance the quality standards for all laboratory testing performed on humans. The purpose of CLIA is to ensure accurate and reliable laboratory results, which are crucial for proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. The amendments cover various aspects including laboratory certification, proficiency testing, quality control, personnel qualifications, and inspection requirements. Overall, CLIA plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity and effectiveness of clinical laboratory testing.

The gold topped tube is inverted 5 times.

The correct answer is "hemolyzed." Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin into the serum. This causes the serum to have a clear red color.

The correct answer includes a list of methods used to preserve specimens, such as putting them in a gray tube with preservatives, refrigerating them and bringing them to room temperature before testing, separating cells from serum or plasma, following special requirements like protecting them from light, and freezing serum or plasma (while noting that cells cannot be frozen). These methods are necessary to maintain the integrity and stability of the specimens for accurate testing and analysis.

The correct answer suggests a series of steps to be taken if control is out of acceptable range. First, record and document the results. Then, check everything to ensure that there are no errors or issues causing the control to be out of range. Finally, re-test the same vile of control, recalibrate if necessary, and retest to see if the control falls within the acceptable range. This process helps in identifying and rectifying any problems with the control.

The control checks for various factors such as reagents, instruments, environment (including temperature and humidity), and the operator. This implies that the operator is an important factor that needs to be checked and controlled in order to ensure accurate and reliable results. The operator's skills, knowledge, and adherence to protocols can significantly impact the outcome of the experiment or test. Therefore, including the operator in the control process helps to minimize any potential errors or variations introduced by human factors.

The given answer suggests that when calculating the average result of a healthy individual, it is expected to be within the normal value range. This means that the average result should fall within the typical or expected values for a healthy person. It implies that any deviation from the normal value may indicate a potential health issue or abnormality.

Calibrators are devices that are used to set and adjust machine values. They are commonly used in various industries to ensure that machines and instruments are operating accurately and within specified parameters. Calibrators help in fine-tuning and adjusting the settings of machines to ensure optimal performance and reliability. They are essential tools for maintaining accuracy and precision in various measurement and testing processes.

The given answer "waive testing" suggests that the activity or process being discussed is exempt from most government oversight, easy to perform, and not life-threatening. This implies that there is no need for testing or examination in this particular scenario, as the activity is deemed safe and does not require any further evaluation.

A proficiency survey is a program where a lab hires a company to send them mystery patient samples for testing. The lab then conducts the tests and sends the results back to the company. The company evaluates the lab's performance and provides feedback on how well they did. This process is required for CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) compliance, which ensures that labs meet certain quality standards in their testing procedures.

This answer suggests that the specimens were analyzed together in a group or batch, or during the same run. This implies that multiple specimens were processed simultaneously, which could have various advantages such as saving time and resources, ensuring consistency in the analysis, and facilitating comparison between the specimens.