US History Final Exam Review

Impeach means to charge the President with doing something wrong and trying to kick him out. It is a process in which the President is accused of committing "high crimes and misdemeanors" and is brought to trial before the Senate. If found guilty, the President can be removed from office. Impeachment is a constitutional mechanism designed to hold the President accountable for any misconduct or abuse of power.

The correct answer is Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to designated Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. The journey was characterized by harsh conditions, lack of adequate supplies, and disease, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Native Americans. The name "Trail of Tears" reflects the immense suffering and loss experienced by the indigenous people during this forced migration.

The correct answer is the Homestead Act. The Homestead Act granted settlers 160 acres of land that they could keep if they agreed to live on it for 5 years. This act was passed in 1862 and aimed to encourage westward expansion and provide opportunities for individuals to establish farms and homes on the frontier. By living on the land for a specified period of time, settlers could eventually gain ownership of the property. This act played a significant role in the settlement of the western United States.

Thomas Jefferson is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. As a founding father and a member of the Continental Congress, Jefferson was assigned the task of drafting the document. He drew upon Enlightenment ideals and his own political philosophy to write the majority of the Declaration, which outlined the principles of American independence from Britain. Jefferson's eloquent and influential writing style, as well as his deep understanding of democratic principles, make him the most likely candidate for the authorship of this important historical document.

The Federalists believed in the Constitution. They were a political group that supported the ratification of the Constitution and believed in a strong central government. They argued that the Constitution would provide stability, protect individual rights, and promote economic growth. The Federalists were led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Adams, among others. They played a crucial role in convincing the states to ratify the Constitution and were successful in establishing it as the foundation of the United States government.

Abolitionists wanted to get rid of slavery. They were individuals or groups who actively campaigned for the abolition or the ending of slavery. They believed that slavery was morally wrong and fought for the emancipation of enslaved individuals. Abolitionists played a significant role in the movement to end slavery, advocating for equal rights and freedom for all individuals, regardless of their race or ethnicity. They organized protests, wrote influential literature, and even participated in the Underground Railroad to help enslaved people escape to freedom.

Russia was the first country to launch a rocket into space with their space program, which was called Sputnik.

John Wilkes Booth shot and killed Abraham Lincoln. He was a Confederate sympathizer and a well-known actor. On April 14, 1865, Booth sneaked into the Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., where Lincoln was watching a play. He approached Lincoln from behind and shot him in the back of the head. Booth then escaped and went into hiding, but was eventually tracked down and killed by Union soldiers. His assassination of Lincoln had a significant impact on American history and marked the first time a U.S. president had been assassinated.

Indentured servants were individuals who voluntarily entered into a contract, known as an indenture, in which they agreed to work for a specific period of time, typically 7 years, in exchange for passage to America. After completing their term of service, they were granted their freedom and could pursue their own livelihoods. This system was commonly used in colonial America as a means of labor, especially in the early years of settlement when there was a high demand for workers.

Fidel Castro is the leader in Cuba and was also the leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He held power in Cuba for several decades and played a significant role in shaping the country's political and economic policies. Castro's leadership during the Cuban Missile Crisis was marked by his defiance of the United States and his willingness to align with the Soviet Union, which ultimately led to a tense standoff between the superpowers.

Mussolini was the leader of Italy during WWII. He was the founder of Italian fascism and ruled as the Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. Mussolini aligned Italy with Nazi Germany and Japan, forming the Axis Powers. He sought to expand Italy's territory and influence, leading Italy into the war in 1940. However, as the war turned against the Axis Powers, Mussolini's power declined, and he was eventually captured and executed in 1945.

The Anti-Federalists did not believe in the Constitution. They opposed the ratification of the Constitution because they believed it gave too much power to the central government and did not adequately protect individual rights. They argued for a weaker central government and stronger state governments.

Richard Nixon was the President of the United States who resigned from office before Congress could impeach him. This event occurred in 1974, following the Watergate scandal. Nixon's resignation came after evidence emerged that he had been involved in the cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Facing almost certain impeachment by the House of Representatives and potential removal from office by the Senate, Nixon chose to resign, making him the first and only U.S. President to do so.

Samuel Adams was a Massachusetts statesman who played a significant role in the American Revolution. He was a leader of the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization that opposed British rule and fought for American independence. Adams was known for his strong political beliefs and his influential role in organizing protests and boycotts against British policies. He was a key figure in the movement towards American independence and is often considered one of the founding fathers of the United States.

Lee Harvey Oswald is the correct answer because he was identified as the primary suspect in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Oswald was a former Marine and was working at the Texas School Book Depository in Dallas on November 22, 1963, when Kennedy was shot. He was arrested later that day but denied involvement in the assassination. However, he was killed two days later by Jack Ruby before he could stand trial, leaving many unanswered questions and conspiracy theories surrounding the assassination.

The special dance performed by American Indians around a fire, believing it would protect them from American soldiers' bullets, is known as the Ghost Dance.

Chattel slavery refers to a system where individuals are considered property and can be bought, sold, and owned by others. In this form of slavery, a person is legally owned by their master, meaning they have no personal freedom or rights. This type of slavery was prevalent in many parts of the world, particularly during the transatlantic slave trade, where African people were captured, transported, and enslaved by European colonizers. Chattel slavery was a dehumanizing and oppressive system that denied basic human rights to those who were enslaved.

Nikita Khruschev was the head of the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Khruschev's leadership was marked by a thaw in relations with the West, as well as a number of significant domestic reforms. However, the Cuban Missile Crisis, which occurred in 1962, was a tense standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union over the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba. Khruschev's decision to place the missiles in Cuba ultimately led to a diplomatic resolution, but it was a critical moment in the Cold War.

Nathan Hale was a schoolteacher who worked as a spy for the Americans during the Revolutionary War. He was caught by the British and famously said, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

Patrick Henry was a famous man of the American Revolution who famously stated, "Give me liberty or give me death." He was a prominent figure in the fight for independence and is remembered for his passionate speeches advocating for freedom. His words became a rallying cry for those who believed in the cause of liberty and were willing to risk everything for it.

Stonewall Jackson was a prominent military leader for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. He gained his nickname "Stonewall" for his steadfastness and bravery in battle. Unfortunately, during the Battle of Chancellorsville, he was accidentally shot by his own men, resulting in the amputation of his left arm. While recovering from his injuries, Jackson contracted pneumonia and ultimately died from its complications. His death was a significant loss for the Confederacy, as he was known for his strategic brilliance and aggressive tactics on the battlefield.

The Dawes Severalty Act gave Indians land and tried to protect them from being taken advantage of. This act was passed in 1887 and aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society by allotting them individual plots of land. The intention was to encourage Native Americans to become farmers and adopt the European-American way of life. However, the act ultimately resulted in the loss of millions of acres of tribal land and the erosion of Native American cultures and traditions.

White gold is another name for cotton because cotton is a natural fiber that is commonly used in the textile industry to produce white or light-colored fabrics. The term "white gold" is often used to describe cotton because of its valuable properties, such as its softness, breathability, and ability to absorb moisture. Additionally, cotton is a versatile material that can be used to make a wide range of products, including clothing, bedding, and towels.

Robert E. Lee was the leader of the Confederate army during the Revolutionary War. He was a prominent general who played a key role in the Confederate military strategy. Lee's leadership and tactical skills were highly regarded, and he commanded the Confederate forces in several major battles. Despite his military prowess, the Confederate army ultimately lost the war.

Sirhan Sirhan is the correct answer because he was the person who shot and killed Robert F. Kennedy. Sirhan Sirhan was a Palestinian Arab who assassinated Kennedy on June 5, 1968, at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Kennedy, who was a U.S. Senator and presidential candidate at the time, was shot multiple times by Sirhan Sirhan, resulting in his death the following day. The assassination was a tragic event that had a significant impact on American politics and history.