Unit 2: The Nutrition Health Connection

Explanation
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein molecules. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. Each amino acid has a unique side chain, or R-group, that determines its specific properties. These chains of amino acids fold and interact with each other to form the complex three-dimensional structures of proteins. Amino acids are essential for the synthesis and function of proteins in the body, playing a crucial role in various biological processes.

Explanation
Antioxidants are substances that help protect the body from cell damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. Free radicals can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to various health problems such as heart disease, cancer, and aging. Antioxidants neutralize these free radicals and prevent them from causing damage to the cells. Therefore, antioxidants play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing diseases.

Explanation
Nutrients are chemical substances found in food that are essential for maintaining the body. They provide energy, support growth and development, and help regulate various bodily functions. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. They are necessary for the proper functioning of the body's organs, tissues, and cells. Sugars, minerals, and vitamins are all types of nutrients, but the term "nutrients" is the broadest and most inclusive category, encompassing all essential chemical substances in food.

Explanation
Dietary fiber is a plant material that cannot be digested by the human body. It refers to the indigestible parts of plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Unlike other nutrients, dietary fiber passes through the digestive system relatively intact. It provides bulk to the stool, helps regulate bowel movements, and promotes a healthy digestive system. Additionally, dietary fiber has numerous health benefits, including lowering cholesterol levels, regulating blood sugar levels, and aiding in weight management.

Explanation
Minerals are nutrients that regulate body processes and become a part of body tissues. They are essential for various physiological functions such as bone formation, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Minerals also play a role in maintaining fluid balance, producing hormones, and supporting the immune system. Examples of minerals include calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc.

Explanation
Phytochemicals are health-enhancing non-nutrient compounds found in plant foods that exert beneficial effects on the body at the cellular level. They are known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, among others. These compounds are not considered essential nutrients, but their consumption has been associated with various health benefits, such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Therefore, phytochemicals are the correct answer to the question.

Explanation
Vitamins are nutrients that do not provide energy or build body tissue, but they play a crucial role in regulating various body processes. They act as coenzymes, which means they help enzymes in carrying out chemical reactions in the body. They are essential for maintaining good health and are required in small amounts. Vitamins are involved in processes such as metabolism, immune function, and cell growth. They can be obtained from a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other nutrient-rich foods.

Explanation
Minerals are nutrients that regulate the body processes or become a part of body tissues. They are essential for various bodily functions such as maintaining a healthy immune system, promoting bone health, and regulating fluid balance. Minerals are obtained through the diet and are required in small amounts for optimal health. Some common minerals include calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc.