The Russian Revolution

An absolute monarchy is a form of government where a single ruler, usually a king or queen, holds complete and unlimited power over the state and its citizens. In this system, the monarch has the authority to make all political, social, and economic decisions without any checks or balances. The term "autocracy" accurately describes this type of government, as it emphasizes the absolute authority and control of the monarch.

Bloody Sunday is the name given to the 1905 protest in which striking workers marched to Tsar Nicholas II's winter palace in St. Petersburg.

Karl Marx believed that all social change is caused by class struggle. He argued that throughout history, societies have been divided into different classes, and these classes have conflicting interests. This conflict between the ruling class and the working class leads to social change as the working class seeks to overthrow the ruling class and establish a more equal society. Marx's theory of social change is based on the idea that social progress is driven by the struggle between classes.

The correct answer is proletariat. The term "proletariat" refers to the working class of society, typically those who do not own the means of production and instead rely on selling their labor to earn a living. This term is often associated with Marxist theory, which views the proletariat as a social class that is oppressed by the bourgeoisie, or the capitalist ruling class. The proletariat is characterized by their lack of ownership and control over the means of production, and their dependence on wages for survival.

Lenin was a Russian revolutionary who was inspired by the death of his brother. This event had a profound impact on Lenin's political beliefs and motivated him to become a leader in the revolutionary movement. Lenin's brother, Aleksandr Ulyanov, was executed for his involvement in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. This tragedy fueled Lenin's desire to overthrow the Tsarist regime and establish a socialist society in Russia. Lenin went on to play a pivotal role in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and became the first leader of the Soviet Union.

Nicholas II, the ruler of Russia, believed that he had divine authority to govern the country and therefore denied his people any democratic rights. However, he did create representative bodies that represented different groups in Russia. This system of representative bodies became known as the Duma.

Divine right is the term used to describe the belief that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects. This concept suggests that monarchs are chosen by a higher power and therefore have absolute authority and power over their kingdom. It was a common belief during the medieval period and was used to justify the absolute rule of monarchs.

At the start of the 20th century, Russia was at war with Japan. This conflict, known as the Russo-Japanese War, took place from 1904 to 1905. The war was fought primarily over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. Japan emerged as the victor, marking a significant shift in the balance of power in East Asia and leading to the recognition of Japan as a major world power.

The bourgeoisie refers to the middle and upper class of a society. They are typically associated with wealth, property ownership, and a higher social status. This term is often used to describe the capitalist class who own and control the means of production. The bourgeoisie are seen as the dominant class in capitalist societies, while the proletariat refers to the working class.

The correct order of succession of tsars is Alexander I - Nicholas I - Alexander II - Alexander III - Nicholas II. This order follows the chronological succession of the tsars, starting with Alexander I, then Nicholas I, followed by Alexander II, Alexander III, and finally Nicholas II.

Nicholas hoped that the war would raise morale and patriotism among the people. He believed that the conflict would unite the nation and instill a sense of pride and loyalty towards their country. By rallying behind the war effort, Nicholas aimed to boost the spirits of the people and strengthen their commitment to the nation, ultimately leading to a more unified and patriotic society.

The correct answer is "prestige." The sentence suggests that the Tsar's failure to win the war resulted in a decrease in his prestige. Prestige refers to the respect, admiration, and influence that someone or something has. Therefore, the Tsar's inability to win the war diminished his reputation and standing in society.

Nicholas II's wife, Alexandra Feodorovna, was indeed the granddaughter of the Queen of England. She was born as Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, and her grandmother was Queen Victoria, who was the Queen of England at the time. This familial connection between Alexandra and the British monarchy played a significant role in shaping the political and diplomatic relations between Russia and England during Nicholas II's reign.

Alexander II instituted regional governments in an attempt to reform the political system in Russia. This was part of his larger reform program known as the Great Reforms. These regional governments, known as zemstvos, were intended to give local communities more autonomy and allow for greater participation in local governance. This was a significant step towards decentralizing power and modernizing Russia's political system.