Tripical Design,Urban Design And Planning By Alfred Abadilla

Letchworth is the correct answer because it was the first developed Garden City. It is known for its combination of landscaping, informal street layouts, and a main axis that focuses on the town center.

The prevailing wind in the Philippines from May to October, also known as the Habagat, comes from the southwest part of the country. This means that the wind blows in a direction from the southwest towards the northeast. This wind pattern is influenced by the southwest monsoon, which brings warm and moist air from the Indian Ocean towards the Philippines. As a result, this wind brings heavy rainfall and is associated with the rainy season in the country.

Le Corbusier planned a high density building called Unite d'Habitation, which was designed to accommodate 337 dwellings in only ten acres of land. This structure was supposed to be located in Marseilles.

Ebenezer Howard is the correct answer because he is the one who first conceptualized the "Garden Cities" and wrote the book "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path To Social Reform". Tony Garnier, Andres Duany, and Robert Owens are not associated with these concepts.

Conduction is the correct answer because it refers to the transfer of heat through a material by direct contact between warmer and cooler molecules. In this process, heat energy is transferred from the molecules with higher kinetic energy (warmer) to those with lower kinetic energy (cooler). This transfer occurs through molecular collisions, without the need for any movement of the material itself.

A rice paddies would probably not be considered an element of a city's image because rice paddies are typically associated with rural areas and agricultural landscapes, rather than urban cities. Cities are usually characterized by features such as buildings, infrastructure like freeways, and social establishments like neighborhood bars, which contribute to their unique image.

The given correct answer is "Chimney Effect". The chimney effect refers to the tendency of air or gas in a shaft or other vertical space to rise when heated, creating a draft that draws in cooler air or gas from below. This phenomenon is similar to how a chimney works, where the hot air inside the chimney rises and creates a suction that pulls in fresh air from the bottom. The chimney effect is often utilized in passive cooling strategies to promote air circulation and ventilation in buildings.

The term "nodes" refers to specific points or locations in a city that an observer can enter. These nodes serve as strategic spots that are used as intensive foci for the observer's travel. They act as important points of reference and can be considered as landmarks within the city.

Sir Christopher Wren is the correct answer because he was an English architect who prepared plans for various buildings in London, including St. Paul's Cathedral. He also proposed a network of avenues connecting the main features of London, which suggests his involvement in urban planning. Leonardo da Vinci, Leon Battista Alberti, and Pierre Charles L'Enfant were all notable architects, but they were not specifically associated with London or the mentioned plans.

Landmarks are physical objects that serve as points of reference for observers. They are external and do not require the observer to enter within them. Landmarks can be easily identifiable objects such as buildings, signs, stores, or mountains. They help individuals navigate and orient themselves in their surroundings.

An equinox is either of the two times during the year when the sun crosses the plane of the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal lengths of day and night everywhere. This phenomenon occurs around March 21 and September 21. The vernal equinox specifically refers to the equinox that occurs in March, while the winter and summer solstices mark the shortest and longest days of the year, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is "equinox."

Pateros is the smallest city in terms of land area among the cities in Manila.

A brise-soleil is a screen, usually made of louvers, that is placed on the outside of a building to protect windows from direct sunlight. This architectural feature helps to reduce glare and heat gain, while still allowing for natural light and ventilation. The term "brise-soleil" is derived from French and translates to "sun breaker" or "sun shade," highlighting its purpose of providing shade and protection from the sun's rays.

Thermal comfort refers to the level of satisfaction and well-being experienced by individuals in relation to the temperature and humidity of their environment. It is determined by the body's ability to regulate heat and moisture produced through metabolic action. This includes factors such as air temperature, humidity, air movement, and personal factors like clothing and activity level. Achieving thermal comfort is essential for maintaining a comfortable and healthy living or working environment.

Clarence Perry is the correct answer because the question asks for the author of the book "The Neighborhood Unit". The explanation states that in this book, Perry discussed the concept of organizing towns into cohesive neighborhoods, which is applicable to both new towns and large city areas.

Leslie Patrick Abercrombie is the correct answer because he was a British pioneer in regional planning for the Doncaster area and East Kent during the years 1920-1922. He was also involved in the greater London Plan and advocated for the use of open space as a structuring element in urban planning.

Homer Hoyt's theory explains residential land uses in terms of wedge-shaped sectors that radiate from the city center along established lines of transportation. This theory suggests that different types of residential areas will develop along these transportation corridors, with higher-income neighborhoods being located closer to the city center and lower-income neighborhoods located further away. Hoyt's theory is often used to analyze and understand the spatial distribution of residential areas within cities.

The correct answer is 30 degrees. At this minimum slope, there is positive pressure against the windward slope of a roof. This means that the force of the wind is pushing against the roof, providing stability and preventing the wind from lifting or damaging the roof. A slope of less than 30 degrees may not provide enough resistance against the wind, while a steeper slope may create excessive drag and turbulence. Therefore, 30 degrees is the optimal angle for ensuring the roof's structural integrity in windy conditions.

The correct answer is "Garden Oasis" because the description provided in the question matches the characteristics of a garden oasis. It mentions that it is often enclosed and secluded from the street, has a high density and variety of planting, includes flower planters and a water feature, and provides various seating possibilities. This aligns with the concept of a garden oasis, which is a tranquil and green space within a city environment.

The given question is asking for the early type of settlement in America that was taken after the "baug" (military town) and "fauborg" (citizen's town) of the medieval ages. The correct answer is "Medieval Organic City." This type of settlement refers to cities that developed organically over time, without a planned layout or design. These cities grew in a haphazard manner, with streets and buildings evolving naturally based on the needs and preferences of the inhabitants. This is in contrast to planned cities or towns that were carefully designed and laid out according to specific rules or guidelines.

Permeability refers to the rate at which water can move through a given volume of material, such as soil. It is measured in units of distance per unit of time, such as centimeters or inches per hour. Permeability is a property that determines how easily water can flow through a material, and it is important in understanding how water moves through the soil.

Altitude refers to the angular elevation of a celestial body above the horizon. It is a measure of how high the celestial body appears in the sky from a particular location on Earth. The altitude of a celestial body can be measured using instruments such as a sextant or an astrolabe. It is an important parameter in astronomy and navigation as it helps determine the position of celestial objects in the sky.

The optimum slope requirement for factories is 2%.

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluid or gas molecules. In this process, the molecules gain heat energy and move from one place to another, carrying the heat with them. This is different from conduction, which is the transfer of heat through direct contact between molecules, and radiation, which is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Evaporation and condensation are not forms of heat transfer, but rather phase changes that can occur during the transfer of heat through convection or conduction.

Jane Jacobs is the correct answer because she is the author of "The Death and Life of Great American Cities," which is widely regarded as one of the most influential books in the history of planning. Her book challenged traditional urban planning theories and advocated for a more community-oriented approach to city development. Jacobs emphasized the importance of mixed-use neighborhoods, pedestrian-friendly streets, and the involvement of local residents in shaping their cities. Her ideas continue to shape urban planning practices today.

External white louvers typically have a solar gain factor of 12%. This means that they allow 12% of the sun's heat to pass through them into the building. The white color helps to reflect a significant amount of the solar radiation, reducing the amount of heat that is absorbed. This can help to keep the building cooler and reduce the need for air conditioning, making it more energy-efficient.

The nadir is the point on the imaginary celestial sphere that is directly opposite to the zenith and directly under a given place or person. It is the lowest point in the sky, directly below the observer. In astronomy, the nadir is used to determine the position of celestial objects relative to the observer's location. It is the opposite of the zenith, which is the highest point in the sky directly above the observer.

Under PD 1308, the practice of environmental planning involves activities such as land use and zoning, development of a site for particular needs, and pre-investment/feasibility studies. However, national development planning is not considered a part of the practice of environmental planning.

White powdered sand has the smallest value in absorbing solar radiation because lighter colors reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat compared to darker colors. The white color of the powdered sand reflects most of the solar radiation, resulting in less absorption of heat energy.

The given explanation refers to the characteristic tendency of some transparent materials, such as glass, to transmit shorter wavelengths of radiation and block longer wavelengths. This is a key characteristic of the greenhouse effect, where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere allow shortwave radiation from the sun to pass through but trap longer wavelength radiation, leading to an increase in temperature.

The H-shape plan is self-shielding and does not induce air movement indoors. The H-shape plan refers to a building layout that resembles the letter "H" when viewed from above. This layout typically consists of two parallel wings connected by a central corridor or atrium. The design creates a barrier against external air currents, preventing them from entering the building and reducing the induction of air movement indoors. This can be beneficial in maintaining a comfortable and stable indoor environment, especially in areas with extreme weather conditions or high wind speeds.

Horizontal overhangs are the best sun shading device for south-oriented buildings because they provide effective shading from the sun's rays during the hottest parts of the day. By extending horizontally from the building, they block direct sunlight from entering the windows, reducing heat gain and glare inside the building. This helps to keep the interior cool and comfortable, while also minimizing the need for excessive air conditioning and energy consumption. Slanted louvers and bris soleil can also provide some shading, but horizontal overhangs are generally more effective in blocking direct sunlight. Eggcrate may not be as effective in providing shading as the other options.

The correct answer is 10-15%. This slope pattern is suitable for an Elementary and High school campus as it has gentle to mild slopes with moderately difficult terrain. Slopes within the range of 10-15% are considered moderate and can provide a good balance between ease of movement and challenging terrain. This slope pattern would be appropriate for students of different ages and abilities to navigate comfortably while still offering some level of difficulty.

Leon Battista Alberti is remembered for his "Ideal Cities" which are star-shaped plans with streets radiating from a central point, typically proposed for a church, palace, or castle. This suggests that Alberti was an architect or urban planner who designed these cities with a specific layout in mind. Leonardo da Vinci, Pierre Charles L'Enfant, and Sir Christopher Wren were all notable figures in their own right, but they are not specifically known for designing star-shaped cities like Alberti.

Eggcrate is a sun shading device that is best to use in protecting the southwest facing building from unwanted heat gained due to direct solar radiation. Eggcrate is a type of sun shading device that consists of a grid-like structure with small openings, allowing for airflow while blocking direct sunlight. This design helps to reduce heat gain and glare from the sun, making it an effective option for southwest facing buildings that receive intense sunlight in the afternoon.

The given correct answer is "solar altitude angle". The solar altitude angle refers to the angle with height above the horizon. It ranges from 0° when on the horizon to 90° when directly above (noon). This angle is used to determine the position of the sun in the sky and is important in various applications such as solar energy systems, navigation, and astronomy.

In 1916, the first land use zoning in New York was initiated, particularly the Incentive zoning. This means that regulations and guidelines were put in place to determine how land could be used and developed in the city. Incentive zoning refers to a system where developers are given certain incentives, such as additional floor area, in exchange for providing public amenities or affordable housing. This initiative marked a significant step in urban planning and the regulation of land use in New York City.

The given answer states that none of the options mentioned affect radiant heat transfer in buildings. This means that all the options mentioned - direct short-wave radiation from the sun, long-wave radiation from the heated ground and nearby objects, and short wave radiation reflected from the surrounding - can contribute to radiant heat transfer in buildings.

The conductivity value of stucco according to the insulating values of building materials is 11.08 w/m square/cm.

A pyrometer is an instrument used to measure high temperatures. It is specifically designed to measure temperatures above the range of a regular thermometer, making it suitable for applications such as industrial processes, metalworking, and scientific research. Unlike other options listed, such as a psychrometer (used for measuring humidity), kathathermometer (not a commonly known instrument), and a regular thermometer (limited to lower temperature ranges), a pyrometer is the most appropriate choice for measuring high temperatures accurately.

This question is asking for the school of thought that believed in tackling city problems one item at a time, starting with health and sanitation. The answer "specialists" refers to the belief that experts in specific fields should be brought in to address and solve these specific problems. This approach suggests that by focusing on individual issues and utilizing specialized knowledge, overall urban conditions can be improved.

The correct answer is "ZIP" because it is an acronym that stands for "Zone Improvement Program." This program is a part of the National Housing Authority's efforts to upgrade and improve blighted squatter areas in Metro Manila. It is in accordance with the existing statutes and issuances, specifically Republic Act 7279.

The correct answer is medium openings; light roof; heavy walls. This is because the recommendation for window size is medium openings, indicating that the windows should not be too large or too small. The recommendation for the roof is light, suggesting that it should be designed to be lightweight. The recommendation for the walls is heavy, indicating that they should be constructed with materials that provide good thermal insulation and heat retention.

The H-shape plan helps promote air motion only in a limited part of the building. The design of the H-shape plan allows for increased airflow in the central area of the building while restricting airflow in the arms of the H. This design also induces a higher indoor air movement for obliquely incident wind, as the wind can enter the central area and create a draft throughout the building.

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