Quiz On States Of Matter & Phase Changes

Solidification is the term that identifies the change from a liquid to a solid. This process occurs when the temperature of a substance decreases below its freezing point, causing the particles to slow down and arrange themselves into a fixed, orderly structure. This transformation involves the release of heat energy and results in the formation of a solid with a definite shape and volume.

In this sequence of phase changes, the substance is transitioning from a solid to a liquid and then to a gas. These phase changes require the addition of heat energy. When a solid is heated, it gains energy and melts into a liquid. Similarly, when a liquid is heated, it gains energy and vaporizes into a gas. Therefore, in order to facilitate these phase changes, heat energy needs to be added to the substance.

When heat energy is removed, the gas phase changes to a liquid phase, which is condensation (A). Then, the liquid phase changes to a solid phase, which is freezing (B).

Freezing is the process of a substance changing from a liquid to a solid state. Similarly, sublimation is the process of a substance changing directly from a solid to a gas state, bypassing the liquid state. Therefore, the correct answer is "Gas".

When isopropyl alcohol is spilled over the counter top and quickly disappears, it indicates that a phase change of evaporation has occurred. Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. In this case, the isopropyl alcohol molecules gain enough energy from the surroundings to overcome the attractive forces between them, causing them to escape into the air as a gas. This is why the alcohol quickly disappears from the counter top.

Isopropyl alcohol is a liquid at room temperature, which means its boiling point must be higher than 25 degrees Celsius. Among the given options, the only temperature higher than 25 degrees Celsius is 82 degrees Celsius. Therefore, 82 degrees Celsius must be the boiling point of isopropyl alcohol.

When heat energy is added to solid ice, it undergoes a phase change and can become either liquid water or vapor. The added heat energy causes the ice particles to gain enough energy to break their bonds and transition into a liquid state, forming liquid water. If more heat energy is added, the liquid water molecules gain even more energy and can transform into a gaseous state, forming vapor. Therefore, both liquid water and vapor are possible outcomes when heat energy is added to solid ice.

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. In this case, oxygen becomes a gas at -183 degrees Celsius, so we would call this temperature the boiling point.

If the temperature of chemical "X" is 0 degrees Celsius, which is higher than its boiling point (-11 degrees Celsius) and melting point (-32 degrees Celsius), it would be in a gaseous state. At this temperature, chemical "X" would have enough energy to overcome the forces holding its particles together, causing it to exist as a gas.

The phase change responsible for turning the frost into water vapor is sublimation. Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without going through the liquid phase. In this case, the frost on the ground skipped the melting phase and directly transformed into water vapor due to the low temperature and pressure conditions.