Phases And Phase Changes Quiz

Matter refers to any substance that has mass and occupies space. This definition encompasses all physical objects, including both living and non-living things. Therefore, the statement that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space is true.

A solid is a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume. The molecules in a solid are closely packed together and have a fixed arrangement. This gives solids their rigidity and resistance to changes in shape.

A liquid is a substance that does not have a definite shape, meaning it can take the shape of its container. However, it does have a definite volume, meaning it maintains a specific amount of space. Unlike a solid, which has both a definite shape and volume, or a gas, which has neither a definite shape nor volume, a liquid falls in between by having a definite volume but not a definite shape. A molecule, on the other hand, is not the correct answer as it refers to the smallest unit of a substance and does not have the properties of shape or volume.

Matter changes state when the amount of thermal energy
increases or decreases.

Condensation is the correct answer because it refers to the process of a substance changing from a gaseous state to a liquid state. This occurs when the temperature of the gas decreases or when the pressure on the gas increases. During condensation, the gas molecules lose energy and come together to form liquid droplets. This can be seen, for example, when water vapor in the air cools and forms water droplets on a cold surface.

The correct answer is "melting" because it refers to the temperature at which a substance changes its state from a solid to a liquid. This process involves the breaking of intermolecular forces holding the particles in a fixed position, allowing them to move more freely and take the shape of the container.

In a solid, the molecules are tightly packed and held together by strong forces of attraction. These forces cause the molecules to vibrate in place. This vibration is known as thermal motion and is responsible for the solid's rigidity. Therefore, the statement that the molecules in a solid vibrate against each other is true.

Sublimation is a physical change from a SOLID to a GAS. The solids do not pass through liquid phase; they immediately transform into a gas.

In the sequence of phase changes from solid to liquid to gas, heat energy must be added at each step. Adding heat energy causes a solid to melt into a liquid, and further adding heat causes the liquid to evaporate or vaporize into a gas. These processes require the absorption of heat to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the particles together in the solid and liquid states.

Condensation occurs when water vapor loses thermal energy and condenses into liquid.

When isopropyl alcohol is spilled over the counter top and quickly disappears, it indicates that a phase change of evaporation has occurred. Evaporation is the process in which a liquid turns into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. In this case, the isopropyl alcohol molecules gained enough energy from the surroundings to escape the liquid state and become a gas, causing it to disappear rapidly.

The given diagram shows the phase changes that occur when heat energy is removed. When heat is removed from a gas, it undergoes condensation and changes into a liquid (phase change A). Then, when more heat is removed from the liquid, it undergoes freezing and changes into a solid (phase change B). Therefore, the correct answer is condensation, freezing.

When a liquid loses thermal energy, its temperature decreases, causing the particles to move more slowly and come closer together. This process eventually leads to solidification or freezing, where the liquid turns into a solid state. This loss of thermal energy is essential for the phase transition from liquid to solid.

When an object changes from a liquid to a solid, the object loses thermal energy, therefore the particles begin to move slower and slower until the object changes phases.

Deposition is the phase change that occurs when a gas is cooled and changes directly into a solid, bypassing the liquid phase. This process involves the conversion of gas molecules into solid particles, resulting in the formation of a solid substance. Unlike freezing, which involves the transition from a liquid to a solid, deposition directly converts a gas into a solid without going through the liquid state.

Boiling is a physical change from a LIQUID to a GAS. It takes place throughout the liquid (surface and below).

Of the three primary states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—gas is the only state that can be significantly compressed. Gases consist of widely spaced particles that move freely, allowing them to be compressed into smaller volumes. This characteristic makes gases ideal for use in applications like pressurized cylinders, airbags, and compressed air systems.

Evaporation is a physical change from a LIQUID to a GAS and only occurs at the surface of the liquid.

The phase change responsible for turning the frost into water vapor is sublimation. Sublimation occurs when a solid directly changes into a gas without going through the liquid phase. In this case, the frost on the ground transformed directly into water vapor without melting into liquid water first.

The Kinetic Theory states that all particles are in constant, random motion. This means that particles are constantly moving and changing direction. Additionally, particles are constantly colliding with each other due to their constant motion. This collision between particles is what gives rise to pressure in gases. Finally, the Kinetic Theory also states that all matter is made of small particles like atoms and molecules. These particles are constantly moving and interacting with each other, leading to the observable properties of matter.