Star Testing Practice Biology

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  • 1/127 Questions

    5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'  The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?  

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Star Testing Practice Biology - Quiz
About This Quiz

The 'Star Testing Practice Biology' assesses key biological concepts such as cellular mitosis, membrane permeability, enzyme specificity, reaction rates, ecological impacts, and photosynthesis stages. It enhances understanding of complex biological processes and interactions.

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  • 2. 

    Which of these would most likely cause a mutation? 

    • The placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

    • The insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

    • The movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus

    • The release of messenger RNA from DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. The insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
    Explanation
    The insertion of a nucleotide into DNA is most likely to cause a mutation because it alters the sequence of the DNA molecule. Mutations occur when there are changes in the genetic material, and inserting a nucleotide can disrupt the normal sequence of DNA bases. This can lead to changes in the resulting protein or gene expression, potentially causing a variety of genetic disorders or abnormalities.

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  • 3. 

    During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases.  The runner responds by sweating, which lowers body temperature. This process is an example of  

    • Maintenance of homeostasis

    • An antigen-anti-body reaction

    • An acquired characteristic

    • Environmental factors affecting phenotype.

    Correct Answer
    A. Maintenance of homeostasis
    Explanation
    During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases due to the physical exertion. In response to this increase, the body activates the sweating mechanism. Sweating helps to cool down the body by evaporating the sweat from the skin, which in turn lowers the body temperature. This process of the body regulating its internal temperature to maintain a stable and balanced state is known as homeostasis. Therefore, the correct answer is "maintenance of homeostasis".

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  • 4. 

    The cell membrane:

    • Allows all materials to travel through it

    • Allows only some materials to travel through it

    • Does not allow mterials to travel through it

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Allows only some materials to travel through it
    Explanation
    The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows only certain materials to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. This is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and regulating the movement of substances such as nutrients, ions, and waste products. The cell membrane achieves this selectivity through various mechanisms such as protein channels, carrier proteins, and lipid bilayer structure.

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  • 5. 

    The central nervous system consists of  

    • The brain and spinal cord

    • Spinal nerves only

    • The brain stem and cerebellum

    • The cerebrum and spinal cord

    Correct Answer
    A. The brain and spinal cord
    Explanation
    The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. These two structures work together to control and coordinate the body's functions and responses. The brain is responsible for processing information, making decisions, and sending signals to the rest of the body. The spinal cord serves as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, the brain and spinal cord form the central command center of the nervous system.

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  • 6. 

    A team of marine scientists is studying biotic and abiotic factors that affect the stability of a deep-sea ecosystem.   The scientists discovered a species of fish that eats other fish and decaying matter. Which of these does not describe the newly discovered fish?  

    • Producer

    • Predator

    • Scavenger

    • Consumer

    Correct Answer
    A. Producer
  • 7. 

    A computer model of cellular mitosis can simulate the aspects of cellular division quite well. However, microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis can improve understanding because actual observations  

    • May reveal greater unknown complexities

    • Are easier than a computer model to view

    • Are the same each time

    • May provide division events in sequence.

    Correct Answer
    A. May reveal greater unknown complexities
    Explanation
    Microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis may reveal greater unknown complexities because computer models can only simulate the aspects of cellular division based on the information and assumptions programmed into them. Actual observations can provide new insights and unexpected findings that may not have been accounted for in the computer model. Therefore, observing cellular mitosis under a microscope can improve understanding by uncovering hidden complexities that were not previously known or considered.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is a function of the nervous system? 

    • Releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues

    • Signaling muscle tissues to contract

    • Producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle tissues

    • Increasing cellular respiration in muscle tissues

    Correct Answer
    A. Signaling muscle tissues to contract
    Explanation
    The correct answer is signaling muscle tissues to contract. The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to various parts of the body, including muscle tissues. These signals stimulate the muscle fibers to contract and produce movement. This function of the nervous system allows for voluntary and involuntary muscle actions, such as walking, talking, and breathing.

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  • 9. 

    In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for pink eyes (r) is recessive. What are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?  

    • RR only

    • Rr only

    • Rr and rr only

    • RR, Rr, and rr only

    Correct Answer
    A. RR, Rr, and rr only
    Explanation
    The possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr) are RR, Rr, and rr only. This is because the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant, so even if only one parent has the dominant gene, there is a chance that the offspring will inherit it. The recessive gene for pink eyes (r) will only be expressed if both parents contribute the recessive gene. Therefore, the possible combinations are RR (red-eyed), Rr (red-eyed), and rr (pink-eyed).

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  • 10. 

    Which of these best illustrates natural selection?  

    • An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

    • A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

    • A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.

    • The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities

    Correct Answer
    A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
    Explanation
    An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully is the best illustration of natural selection because it highlights the concept of individuals with advantageous traits being more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. This process leads to the gradual accumulation of beneficial traits in a population over time, resulting in the adaptation of the species to its environment.

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  • 11. 

    Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation? 

    • Episodic isolation

    • Temporal isolation

    • Geographic isolation

    • Behavioral isolation

    Correct Answer
    A. Geographic isolation
    Explanation
    The fossil evidence suggests that the members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. This indicates that the cause of speciation was geographic isolation. Geographic isolation occurs when a population of organisms becomes physically separated by a geographic barrier, such as a mountain range or a body of water. This physical separation prevents gene flow between the populations, leading to genetic divergence and the formation of new species.

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  • 12. 
    The diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated? - ProProfs

    The diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

    • Mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

    • Segregation of sister chromatids

    • Condensation and segregation of alleles

    • Crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged

    Correct Answer
    A. Crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
    Explanation
    The diagram shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, which is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells). During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing-over. This exchange of genetic material results in the mixing and recombination of alleles, leading to genetic variation in the offspring. Therefore, the correct answer is crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged.

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  • 13. 

    Long chains of amino acids are found in

    • Carbohydrates

    • Proteins

    • Lipids

    • Sugars

    Correct Answer
    A. Proteins
    Explanation
    Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together through peptide bonds to form these chains. Therefore, the correct answer is proteins.

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  • 14. 

    A new species is introduced into an area. This can have harmful effects on species already inhabiting the area. The harmful effects are most likely a result of    

    • Succession

    • Mutualism

    • Competition

    • Commensalism

    Correct Answer
    A. Competition
    Explanation
    When a new species is introduced into an area, it is likely to compete with the species already inhabiting the area for resources such as food, water, and shelter. This competition can have harmful effects on the existing species, as they may experience a decrease in their access to resources and may struggle to survive. Therefore, the harmful effects of introducing a new species are most likely a result of competition.

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  • 15. 

    A protein called p53 can keep cells from dividing. To prevent cell division, this protein most likely stops  

    • Osmosis

    • Mitosis

    • Respiration

    • Mutation

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis
    Explanation
    The protein p53 is known for its role in preventing cell division. Mitosis is the process of cell division, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Therefore, it is most likely that the protein p53 stops mitosis in order to prevent cell division.

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  • 16. 

    Which of these is an example of homeostasis in a multicellular organism?  

    • Inheriting a trait

    • Growing larger and stronger

    • Building a nest

    • Regulating body temperature

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulating body temperature
    Explanation
    Regulating body temperature is an example of homeostasis in a multicellular organism because it involves maintaining a stable internal temperature despite changes in the external environment. This process is essential for the organism's survival and involves mechanisms such as sweating or shivering to adjust body temperature as needed.

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  • 17. 

    The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is

    • Light-dependent.

    • temperature-dependent

    • Glucose-driven.

    • ATP-driven

    Correct Answer
    A. Light-dependent.
    Explanation
    The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is light-dependent because it requires light energy to initiate the process. During this stage, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts, which then converts it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are crucial for the subsequent stages of photosynthesis, where they are used to produce glucose and other organic compounds. Without light, this initial stage cannot occur, making light-dependency the correct answer.

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  • 18. 

    What is the greatest danger to a patient who has had damage to the skin? 

    • Loss of oils produced by the skin

    • Excessive muscle contractions in the damaged area

    • Infections in uncovered tissues

    • Damaged tissue entering the blood stream

    Correct Answer
    A. Infections in uncovered tissues
    Explanation
    When a patient has damage to the skin, the greatest danger they face is the risk of infections in uncovered tissues. When the skin is damaged, it creates an opening that allows bacteria and other pathogens to enter the body, leading to infections. These infections can range from mild to severe and can cause complications and delays in the healing process. Therefore, it is crucial to keep the damaged area covered and clean to minimize the risk of infections.

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  • 19. 

    Striking the tendon just below the kneecap causes the lower leg to jerk. Moving an object quickly toward the face can cause the eyes to blink shut. These are examples of  

    • Learned responses

    • Short-term memory.

    • Reflex reactions

    • Sensory overload

    Correct Answer
    A. Reflex reactions
    Explanation
    The given examples of striking the tendon below the kneecap and moving an object quickly towards the face causing the legs to jerk and eyes to blink shut respectively are both reflex reactions. Reflex reactions are involuntary responses to specific stimuli, which occur without conscious thought. In both cases, the body automatically reacts to protect itself from potential harm.

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  • 20. 

    The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals become protected against polio because the weakened viruses  

    • Prevent further viral invasion

    • Induce an inflammatory response

    • Promote production of antibodies.

    • Are too weak to cause illness.

    Correct Answer
    A. Promote production of antibodies.
    Explanation
    The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. When individuals are vaccinated with this vaccine, the weakened viruses stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. These antibodies can then recognize and attack the polio virus if the person is exposed to it in the future, providing protection against polio. The weakened viruses are not strong enough to cause illness, but they do trigger the production of antibodies.

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  • 21. 

    Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes?  

    • Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.

    • Many species filled the same niche

    • A strong species had many different characteristics.

    • A wide diversity of species existed.

    Correct Answer
    A. A wide diversity of species existed.
    Explanation
    A wide diversity of species existed. This means that there were many different types of organisms living on Earth. When catastrophic changes occurred, some species may have become extinct, but others were able to survive and adapt to the new conditions. The wide diversity of species allowed for a greater chance of survival and the continuation of life on Earth.

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  • 22. 

    Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population because people with HIV 

    • Are unable to fight off these pneumonia causing organisms.

    • Are more often exposed to these pneumonia causing organisms.

    • Release pheromones that attract the pneumonia-causing organisms

    • Release substances that increase the strength of the pneumonia-causing organisms

    Correct Answer
    A. Are unable to fight off these pneumonia causing organisms.
    Explanation
    Individuals with HIV have a weakened immune system, which makes it difficult for them to fight off infections, including pneumonia. This is why they are unable to fight off these pneumonia-causing organisms, leading to a higher risk of contracting pneumonia compared to the general population.

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  • 23. 

    Which of these best illustrates natural selection?  

    • An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

    • A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate

    • A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes

    • The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities

    Correct Answer
    A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
    Explanation
    An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully because natural selection favors individuals that are better adapted to their environment. These individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation. Over time, these favorable genetic variations become more common in the population, leading to the evolution of the species.

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  • 24. 

    What percentage of total energy (roughly) is transferred from one trophic level to the next?  

    • 0.01%

    • 0.1%

    • 1.0%

    • 10%

    • 100%

    Correct Answer
    A. 10%
    Explanation
    Approximately 10% of total energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. This is due to the inefficiency of energy transfer in an ecosystem. As organisms consume food, they only obtain a portion of the energy stored in that food, with the rest being lost as waste or used for metabolic processes. This energy loss continues as energy moves up the food chain, resulting in a decrease in the amount of energy available at each trophic level. Therefore, only around 10% of the energy is transferred to the next trophic level.

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  • 25. 
    The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms.   This process is known as   - ProProfs

    The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms.   This process is known as  

    • Meiosis.

    • Mitosis

    • Endocytosis.

    • phagocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis.
    Explanation
    The question asks for the name of the cellular process shown in the diagram. Since the diagram is not provided, we cannot determine the specific details of the process. However, based on the given options, the correct answer is meiosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in organisms to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction. It involves two rounds of division, resulting in the formation of four genetically different haploid cells.

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  • 26. 

    5' G T A _   _  _ A A 3'        3' C A T G C A T T 5' This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with  

    • CGT.

    • GCA.

    • CTG

    • GTA

    Correct Answer
    A. CGT.
    Explanation
    The segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. To repair this mutation, a repair enzyme would replace the deleted nucleotides with the sequence CGT.

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  • 27. 

    Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?

    • Giant squids

    • Sand sharks

    • Sea cucumbers

    • Green algae

    Correct Answer
    A. Green algae
    Explanation
    Green algae would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid because they are primary producers that convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. As a result, they form the base of the food chain and provide energy for other organisms. Organisms higher up the pyramid, such as sea cucumbers, sand sharks, and giant squids, rely on green algae either directly or indirectly for their energy needs.

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  • 28. 
    Use the information and diagram below to answer the following item.   Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below. Which function would the energy-releasing organelle most likely have in the animal cell?   - ProProfs

    Use the information and diagram below to answer the following item.   Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below. Which function would the energy-releasing organelle most likely have in the animal cell?  

    • Cellular control

    • Cellular respiration

    • Removal of wastes

    • Storage of nutrients

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellular respiration
    Explanation
    The energy-releasing organelle in animal cells, as shown in the diagram, is most likely involved in cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy source for cellular activities. This process occurs in the mitochondria, which is the organelle depicted in the diagram. Therefore, the energy-releasing organelle in animal cells is responsible for cellular respiration.

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  • 29. 

    Students conducted an experiment to test the effect of antibiotics on bacteria. They placed bacteria in a petri dish that contained agar treated with an antibiotic. Only one of the bacterial colonies survived.   Which of these statements best explains why only one colony survived?    

    • The bacteria in the colonies competed for survival.

    • There was only enough food in the dish for some of the bacteria to survive.

    • There was not enough antibiotic in the dish to kill all the bacteria.

    • The bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic variations that allowed them to survive.

    Correct Answer
    A. The bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic variations that allowed them to survive.
    Explanation
    The statement "The bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic variations that allowed them to survive" best explains why only one colony survived. This suggests that the bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic traits or mutations that made them resistant to the antibiotic, allowing them to survive while the other bacteria were killed.

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  • 30. 

    Horses have 64 chromosomes in each body cell. If a horse cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes should be in each gamete?  

    • 16

    • 32

    • 64

    • 128

    Correct Answer
    A. 32
    Explanation
    During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved. Since horses have 64 chromosomes in each body cell, the gametes produced through meiosis should have half that number, which is 32 chromosomes.

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  • 31. 

    Scientists have found many similarities in the proteins of turtles and sharks. These similarities suggest that turtles and sharks  

    • Have stopped evolving

    • Have a common ancestor

    • Have all the same DNA sequences

    • Have the same number of chromosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Have a common ancestor
    Explanation
    The finding of similarities in the proteins of turtles and sharks suggests that they have a common ancestor. This means that at some point in the past, turtles and sharks shared a common lineage from which they diverged and evolved into their respective forms. The presence of similar proteins indicates a shared genetic heritage, supporting the idea of a common ancestor.

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  • 32. 

    The plasma membrane of a cell consists of 

    • Protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane

    • Two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane

    • Lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers

    • Protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails

    Correct Answer
    A. Two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane
    Explanation
    The correct answer is two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane. The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which consists of two layers of lipids. The lipids have a polar head and a nonpolar tail. In the bilayer, the nonpolar tails are oriented towards the interior of the membrane, while the polar heads face the aqueous environment both inside and outside the cell. This arrangement creates a hydrophobic barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is a function of the nervous system? 

    • Releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues

    • Signaling muscle tissues to contract

    • Producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle tissues

    • Increasing cellular respiration in muscle tissues

    Correct Answer
    A. Signaling muscle tissues to contract
    Explanation
    The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, including to muscle tissues. These signals, known as nerve impulses, stimulate the muscle fibers to contract, allowing for movement and coordination. Therefore, signaling muscle tissues to contract is a function of the nervous system.

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  • 34. 

    Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms

    • Herbivores

    • Producers

    • Parasites and viruses

    • Fungi and bacteria

    Correct Answer
    A. Fungi and bacteria
    Explanation
    Fungi and bacteria are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms. Fungi and bacteria are decomposers that break down dead organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances. They play a crucial role in the nutrient cycling process by breaking down complex organic compounds and releasing nutrients back into the environment. Without the activity of fungi and bacteria, dead organisms would accumulate and not be recycled, leading to the Earth being covered with bodies of dead organisms.

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  • 35. 

    Two students were testing the amount of fertilizer that would best promote the growth of strawberries in a garden. Which of the following could be an unavoidable source of experimental error? 

    • Length of the study

    • Variation in the strawberry plants

    • The cost of watering the plants

    • Fertilization during the study

    Correct Answer
    A. Variation in the strawberry plants
    Explanation
    An unavoidable source of experimental error in testing the amount of fertilizer that would best promote the growth of strawberries in a garden could be the variation in the strawberry plants. This means that the strawberries used in the experiment may have different genetic traits, growth rates, or health conditions, which could affect their response to the fertilizer. This variation could introduce confounding factors and make it difficult to determine the true effect of the fertilizer on the growth of the strawberries.

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  • 36. 

    Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that

    • Haploid cells are produced by mitosis

    • Diploid cells are produced by mitosis

    • Haploid cells are produced by meiosis.

    • Diploid cells are produced by meiosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Haploid cells are produced by meiosis.
    Explanation
    Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that haploid cells are produced by meiosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain only one set of chromosomes. This supports Mendel's hypothesis that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait, as each haploid cell produced through meiosis carries only one allele for each trait.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins on their own? 

    • Blue-green alage

    • Bacteria

    • Protozans

    • Viruses

    Correct Answer
    A. Viruses
    Explanation
    Viruses require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins on their own. Unlike other organisms such as blue-green algae, bacteria, and protozoans, viruses lack the necessary cellular machinery to synthesize proteins. Instead, they rely on infecting host cells and hijacking their protein synthesis machinery to produce the proteins they need for replication and survival. This dependence on a host cell is a defining characteristic of viruses.

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  • 38. 

    Rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a serious pest to farmers. Rabbit populations increased so much that  they displaced many native species of plant eaters. What is the most logical explanation for their increased numbers?  

    • Rabbits have a high death rate

    • There are few effective predators

    • Additional rabbit species have been introduced

    • There is an increase in rabbit competitors.

    Correct Answer
    A. There are few effective predators
    Explanation
    The most logical explanation for the increased numbers of rabbits in Australia is that there are few effective predators. This means that there are not enough natural enemies to control the rabbit population, allowing them to reproduce and thrive. Without predators to keep their numbers in check, rabbits can quickly multiply and become a serious pest to farmers and a threat to native species.

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  • 39. 

    If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this plant?

    • Ty, ty

    • TY, ty

    • TY, Ty, ty

    • Ty, ty tY, TY

    Correct Answer
    A. Ty, ty
    Explanation
    The given genotype Ttyy indicates that the corn plant has one dominant allele (T) for one trait and one recessive allele (y) for another trait. In a single grain of pollen, there can be two possible genetic combinations: Ty and ty. The dominant allele (T) can combine with the recessive allele (y) to form the combination Ty, and the recessive allele (y) can combine with itself to form the combination ty.

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  • 40. 

    A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of this individual?  

    • Two dominant normal alleles

    • One recessive lethal allele and one dominant lethal allele

    • One recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele

    • One dominant lethal allele and one recessive normal allele

    Correct Answer
    A. One recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele
    Explanation
    This individual is unaffected by the lethal allele, which means they must have at least one dominant normal allele to mask the effects of the lethal allele. Additionally, they are a carrier of the lethal allele, which means they must also have one recessive lethal allele. Therefore, the probable genotype of this individual is one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele.

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  • 41. 

    Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?  

    • Clams

    • Sardines

    • Shark

    • Kelp

    Correct Answer
    A. Shark
    Explanation
    The shark would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid because it is a top predator in the marine food chain. As a carnivorous predator, the shark feeds on other organisms, such as smaller fish and marine mammals, which are lower in the food chain. Being at the top of the pyramid means that the shark has fewer predators and consumes a large amount of energy from the organisms it preys upon.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex?

    • Organ systems, organs, organism, tissues, cells

    • Tissues, cells, organs, organism, organ system

    • Cells, tissues, organ systems, organs, organism

    • Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
    Explanation
    Living things are made up of cells, which are the basic building blocks of life. Cells come together to form tissues, which are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Organs are made up of different types of tissues and work together to perform a specific function in the body. Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to carry out a particular function in the body. Finally, an organism is made up of all the organ systems working together to support life. Therefore, the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex, is cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

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  • 43. 

    The number of autosomes and type of sex chromosome normally present in a human egg cell is  

    • 44 + XY

    • 44 + XX

    • 22+X

    • 22+ Y

    Correct Answer
    A. 22+X
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 22+X. This is because a human egg cell contains 22 autosomes, which are chromosomes that are not involved in determining sex, and one X sex chromosome. The presence of the X chromosome determines the individual's biological sex as female.

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  • 44. 

    A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to  

    • Higher mutation rates on one side.

    • Low genetic diversity in the initial population

    • The isolation of the two groups.

    • Differences in reproductive rates

    Correct Answer
    A. The isolation of the two groups.
    Explanation
    The most likely explanation for the evolution of two species of squirrel on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon is the isolation of the two groups. The Grand Canyon acts as a physical barrier, preventing gene flow between the two populations of squirrels. Over time, this isolation can lead to genetic divergence and the formation of distinct species. The other options, such as higher mutation rates on one side, low genetic diversity in the initial population, and differences in reproductive rates, do not provide a sufficient explanation for the observed evolution of two distinct species.

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  • 45. 

    Which of the following best describes the use of population models in biology?  

    • They are generally easy to construct

    • They can represent reality precisely

    • They are used when no observations have been made.

    • They can help predict outcomes.

    Correct Answer
    A. They can help predict outcomes.
    Explanation
    Population models in biology are not generally easy to construct as they require a thorough understanding of the population dynamics and various factors that influence it. They also cannot represent reality precisely as they are simplifications of complex ecological systems. However, they are used precisely because observations have been made and data has been collected to develop and validate these models. The primary purpose of population models is to help predict outcomes, such as population growth, decline, or the effects of interventions or environmental changes.

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  • 46. 

    In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides?  

    • The Spirogyra population will probably die

    • The bluegill population will probably increase.

    • The Daphnia population will eat something else.

    • The smallmouth bass population will die.

    Correct Answer
    A. The smallmouth bass population will die.
    Explanation
    If the Daphnia are killed with pesticides, it will disrupt the food chain in the pond. Daphnia are the primary consumers, and they feed on the primary producer, Spirogyra. By killing the Daphnia, the population of Spirogyra will likely increase since there is no longer a primary consumer to control its population. As a result, the population of bluegill, which is the secondary consumer, will also increase since there is more food available. However, since the smallmouth bass is the tertiary consumer and relies on the bluegill as its food source, the decrease in Daphnia population will ultimately lead to the death of the smallmouth bass population.

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  • 47. 

    A base sequence is shown below. ACAGTGC How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?  

    • TGTCACG

    • GUGACAU

    • UGUCACG

    • CACUGUA

    Correct Answer
    A. UGUCACG
    Explanation
    The base sequence on mRNA is coded by replacing each base with its complementary base. In DNA, A pairs with T and C pairs with G. Therefore, in the given base sequence ACAGTGC, A is replaced with U, C is replaced with G, G is replaced with C, and T is replaced with A. This results in the mRNA base sequence UGUCACG.

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  • 48. 

    Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight?  

    • Glucose

    • Carbon dioxide

    • chlorophyll

    • Adenosine triphosphate

    Correct Answer
    A. chlorophyll
    Explanation
    Chlorophyll is the pigment molecule in plant cells that first captures the radiant energy from sunlight. It is located in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is responsible for the green color of plants. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and initiates the process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy that can be used by the plant for growth and development.

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  • 49. 

    An abnormality involving the platelets would probably affect the process of:  

    • Breathing

    • Locomotion

    • Fighting bacterial infections

    • Blood clotting

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood clotting
    Explanation
    An abnormality involving the platelets would affect the process of blood clotting. Platelets are responsible for forming blood clots to stop bleeding. If there is an abnormality in platelet function or number, it can lead to difficulties in forming clots, resulting in excessive bleeding or difficulty in stopping bleeding.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 20, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Apr 24, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Jennyboowahoo

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