Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,Viruses, Gram Negative

The correct answer is M protein, hyaluronic capsule, progenic, and streptolysins. These are all pathogenicity factors for Streptococcus. M protein helps the bacteria evade the immune system, hyaluronic capsule protects the bacteria from phagocytosis, progenic enzymes degrade host tissues, and streptolysins are toxins that cause damage to host cells. These factors contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of Streptococcus.

Staphylococcus is the correct answer because it exhibits all the characteristics mentioned. Staphylococcus cells are typically arranged in clusters and have a spherical shape. They are known to have high salt tolerance and can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Staphylococcus is nonmotile, meaning it does not have the ability to move on its own. It is also catalase positive, which means it produces the enzyme catalase.

The given characteristics of chains of spherically shaped cells, no part of normal skin flora, may be a part of normal pharynx flora, facultative anaerobes, catalase negative, and peroxidase positive are all consistent with the characteristics of Streptococcus. Streptococcus is a genus of bacteria that commonly forms chains of spherical cells, can be found in the pharynx as part of normal flora, are facultative anaerobes, and possess the mentioned enzymatic properties. Therefore, Streptococcus is the correct answer based on the given characteristics.

Staphylococcus can cause damage to the host through the production of cytolytic toxins, which can cause cell lysis and damage to host tissues. Exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus can cause exfoliation of the skin, leading to skin damage. Toxic shock syndrome is caused by the production of toxins by Staphylococcus, which can lead to severe systemic symptoms and organ damage. Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and damage to the intestines.

The diagnosis of Staphylococcus involves various methods, including fluid sample taken from the infected area and detection of clustered gram (+) cocci. The urine test, however, is not typically used for diagnosing Staphylococcus infections. Instead, it is commonly used to detect urinary tract infections caused by other bacteria or pathogens. Therefore, the urine test is not included in the diagnosis of Staphylococcus.

The given correct answer states that all of the characteristics mentioned in the question are true for Enteric (gram -) bacteria. This means that members of the animal intestinal microbiota, bacillus (some cocobacillus) shaped, all reduce nitrate to nitrite, all ferment glucose anaerobically, all are oxidase negative, most are peritrichous, and many have a capsule.

Cephalosporin is not a treatment for Staphylococcus because it is mentioned in the question that 90 to 95% of S. aureus strains are resistant to penicillin, and cephalosporin is a type of beta-lactam antibiotic that is structurally similar to penicillin. Since most strains of Staphylococcus are resistant to penicillin, it is likely that they would also be resistant to cephalosporin. Therefore, cephalosporin would not be an effective treatment option for Staphylococcus.

The correct answer is "more than one is correct." Staphylococcus, being a pathogenic bacterium, possesses multiple pathogenicity factors that contribute to its ability to cause disease. These factors include salt tolerance, a slimy capsule that helps it evade the immune system, and the ability to grow slowly, which allows it to persist in the host. While Staphylococcus does not have flagella, it possesses other virulence factors that enable its pathogenicity.

Protein A, hyaluronidase, and a capsule all contribute to the ability of Staphylococcus to get in between cells. Protein A is a virulence factor that helps the bacteria evade the immune system. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid, a component of the extracellular matrix, allowing the bacteria to penetrate tissues. The capsule is a protective layer that helps the bacteria evade phagocytosis by immune cells. Together, these factors enhance the ability of Staphylococcus to invade and cause infection.

The correct answer is "collect sample of urine, blood, feces or CSF- culture- gram stain- or to use selective and differential media to identify." This is because in order to diagnose the gram (-) Enterobacteriaceae (Enterics), it is necessary to collect samples of urine, blood, feces, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and perform a culture, gram stain, or use selective and differential media to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. Simply going to see a doctor or assuming it will go away on its own without any sample collection and diagnostic tests would not lead to an accurate diagnosis.